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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9): 1375-1385.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.92005

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION· PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Plant type and canopy light interception characteristics in double cropping rice canopy under different nitrogen rates

LI Yan-Da(),HUANG Jun-Bao,YE Chun,SHU Shi-Fu,SUN Bin-Feng,CHEN Li-Cai,WANG Kang-Jun,CAO Zhong-Sheng   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment/Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Information Technology in Agriculture, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2019-01-15 Accepted:2019-04-15 Online:2019-09-12 Published:2019-05-10
  • Contact: Yan-Da LI E-mail:liyanda2008@126.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300608);the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals, the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31260293);the Jiangxi Science and Technology Program(20161BBI90012);the Jiangxi Science and Technology Program(20182BCB22015);the Jiangxi Province “Double Thousand Plan” Program, and the Science & Technology Innovation and Achievements Transformation Foundation for Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2016CJJ001)

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Abstract:

The interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) within canopy direct affects double cropping rice photosynthesis and yield formation. The objective of this study was to elucidate the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of plant type and canopy interception of PAR in double cropping rice under different development stages, cultivar types and nitrogen rates. Field experiments were conducted using four early and late rice cultivars with four nitrogen application rates at Jiangxi in 2016 and 2017. The plant morphology and canopy interception rate of PAR (IPAR) in different canopy heights at different development stages were measured. The nitrogen application rate had significant effects on the plant height, ear length, leaf length and basic leaf angle. All of them increased with increasing nitrogen application rate. The layer leaf area index (LAI) and upward accumulated LAI of early and late rice were greater at booting stage than at 12 d after heading. The layer LAI was greater in mid canopy than in upper and basal canopy. The maximum layer LAI appeared at 0.58 of relative canopy height. The layer LAI and upward accumulated LAI in upper and mid canopy of early and late rice increased with increasing nitrogen application rate. The distribution of upward accumulated LAI followed sigmoid curve with relative height, which could be quantitatively described with Logistic equation (R 2 > 0.99). The canopy IPAR of early and late rice was greater at booting stage than at 12 d after heading, and increased with increasing nitrogen application rate. The diurnal variation of IPAR was smaller at noon than in the morning and afternoon. Lower canopy IPAR was observed for the compact plant type of early and late rice cultivars. The relationship between canopy IPAR and downward accumulated LAI could be quantitatively described with an equation of IPAR = a (1-e - b ×LAI) (R 2> 0.88). IPAR on horizontal plane of the three-dimensional distribution was smaller, with a greater variation of light flecks in upper and mid canopy than in basal canopy. The IPAR at the same canopy height was non-uniform on the horizontal plane. These results would provide a support on cultivation for high yield and optimal design of plant type in double cropping rice.

Key words: double cropping rice, plant type, photosynthetically active radiation, light interception, distribution characteristic

Table 1

Meteorological data of early and late rice under different years and development stages"

作物
Crop		 年份
Year		 生育期
Development stages		 最低气温
Minimum
temperature (°C)		 最高气温
Maximum
temperature (°C)		 日照时数
Sunshine hours
(h)		 降水量 Precipitation
(mm)
早稻
Early rice		 2016 孕穗期 Booting stage 26.3 32.5 11.2 0
抽穗后12 d 12 d after heading 25.0 34.6 11.0 0
2017 孕穗期 Booting stage 23.4 31.4 10.6 0
抽穗后12 d 12 d after heading 27.7 36.8 11.2 0
晚稻
Late rice		 2016 孕穗期 Booting stage 24.5 36.8 10.4 0
抽穗后12 d 12 d after heading 21.6 30.2 9.4 0
2017 孕穗期 Booting stage 24.4 34.8 10.7 0
抽穗后12 d 12 d after heading 22.1 30.5 10.1 0

Table 2

Plant morphological characteristics of early and late rice under Different development stages , cultivars and, nitrogen rates"

Fig. 1

Distribution of layer LAI in early and late rice under different development stages, cultivars, and nitrogen rates A and B represent booting stage and 12 d after heading, respectively. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 2

Distribution of upward accumulated LAI in early and late rice under different development stages, cultivars, and nitrogen rates A and B represent booting stage and 12 d after heading, respectively. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2."

Table 3

Simulation equations of upward accumulated LAI distribution in early and late rice under different development stages, cultivars, and nitrogen rates"

处理
Treatment		 孕穗期 Booting stage 抽穗后12 d 12 d after heading
a b c R2 a b c R2
C1N0 3.56 22.28 6.91 0.9977 2.54 22.70 7.10 0.9954
C1N1 4.71 19.78 6.64 0.9972 3.67 15.25 6.53 0.9938
C1N2 5.84 15.94 6.37 0.9954 4.50 14.32 6.53 0.9931
C1N3 6.54 19.88 6.69 0.9967 5.14 17.10 6.59 0.9938
C2N0 4.16 14.77 5.90 0.9935 2.74 23.49 7.28 0.9975
C2N1 5.24 16.11 5.83 0.9954 3.77 17.77 6.62 0.9931
C2N2 6.29 16.17 5.87 0.9955 4.45 16.00 6.30 0.9950
C2N3 6.88 16.93 6.00 0.9956 5.27 17.77 6.47 0.9946
C3N0 4.03 16.60 6.15 0.9957 3.37 21.59 6.89 0.9968
C3N1 4.99 14.01 5.88 0.9937 4.44 18.80 6.50 0.9960
C3N2 6.08 14.14 5.77 0.9935 5.35 15.40 6.32 0.9945
C3N3 6.89 17.37 6.07 0.9955 5.94 17.69 6.59 0.9950
C4N0 4.05 20.27 6.35 0.9959 3.44 21.06 6.96 0.9968
C4N1 5.31 19.81 6.32 0.9960 4.38 17.78 6.63 0.9960
C4N2 6.14 16.11 6.07 0.9945 5.32 14.42 6.29 0.9934
C4N3 6.86 18.94 6.28 0.9954 5.82 16.45 6.45 0.9937

Fig. 3

Relationship between interception rate of PAR and downward accumulated LAI in early and late rice canopy under different development stages, cultivars, times, and nitrogen rates IPAR represents interception rate of PAR. A and B represent booting stage and 12 d after heading, respectively. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2. R2 represents coefficient of determination."

Fig. 4

Three dimensional spatial distribution for interception rate of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at N2 treatment of Zhongjiazao 17 under different development stages, times and canopy heights H2, H4, and H6 represent 15 cm, 45 cm, and 75 cm of canopy height from the ground, respectively. A and B represent booting stage and 12 d after heading, respectively."

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