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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (02): 249-258.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94078

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Increasing phosphate fertilizer application to improve photosynthetic capacity and yield of summer soybean in weak light environment

ZHAO Wei1,ZHEN Tian-Yue1,ZHANG Zi-Shan2,XU Zheng1,GAO Da-Peng1,DING Cong1,LIU Peng1,LI Geng1,*(),NING Tang-Yuan1,*()   

  1. 1 Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2 Life Science College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2019-05-22 Accepted:2019-08-09 Online:2020-02-12 Published:2019-09-11
  • Contact: Geng LI,Tang-Yuan NING E-mail:ligeng213@sina.com;ningty@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China National(2016YFD0300205);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31401339);the China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503130);the China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503121)

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Abstract:

In order to study the effect of phosphate fertilizer application on the photosynthetic characteristics of summer soybean in weak light environment, two light treatments [normal light (L1) and weak light (L2)] with three phosphate fertilizer treatments including non-phosphate fertilizer application (P0), conventional phosphate fertilizer application (P1), and excessive-phosphate fertilizer application (P2) in each light treatment were set up to measure the gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence differences of photosynthetic performance as well as the yield and its components in Qihuang 34. The yield reduced significantly in weak light treatment, with an average of 61.4% in two years lower than that under the normal light. The 2-year average yield of P2 was 8.4% and 3.2% higher than that of P0 and P1 respectively under the normal light, but 21.7% and 12.2% higher than P0 and P1 in weak light treatment respectively, indicating the effect of excessive-phosphate fertilizer on yield was more pronounced under weak light. The weak light environment significantly increased the leaf area, specific leaf area, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents, which was enhanced by increasing phosphate fertilizer application. The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of the leaf decreased significantly in the weak light environment, while the intercellular CO2 concentration increased, indicating the reduction of carbon assimilation in weak light environment was not limited by stomata. Increasing the application of phosphate fertilizer increased photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, which was more obvious under weak light. Excessive-phosphate fertilizer application reduced the relative fluorescence at the K and J points of the OJIP curve, and improved the electron transfer performance of photosystem II, was more significant which in weak light than in normal light environment. Therefore, the increase of photosynthetic electron transport activity effectively alleviates the decrease of leaf photosynthetic rate under weak light treatment, which may be the reason for the significant increase of dry matter accumulation and yield by applying more phosphate fertilizer in weak light environment.

Key words: soybean, weak light environment, phosphate fertilizer, photosynthetic capacity, yield

Table 1

Effects of different phosphate fertilizer application and light environment treatments on yield and its components of summer soybean"

年份
Year		 处理Treatment 百粒重
100-seed weight (g)		 单株有效荚数
Effective pods per plant		 单株粒数
Seeds per plant		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
光照 Light 磷肥 Phosphorous
2017 L1 P0 28.08 c 50.00 c 116.30 b 3918.28 c
P1 28.26 c 54.70 b 120.73 a 4094.59 b
P2 28.42 bc 59.80 a 124.06 a 4231.07 a
L2 P0 29.41 ab 29.60 f 66.09 e 2332.27 f
P1 29.81 a 35.00 e 71.16 d 2545.21 e
P2 30.03 a 39.10 d 78.12 c 2815.48 d
变异来源 Source of variation 方差分析 Analysis of variance
光照 Light (L) ** ** ** **
磷肥 Phosphorous (P) NS ** ** **
光照×氮肥 (L×P) NS NS * *
2018 L1 P0 28.16 a 51.88 b 118.03 b 3988.97 c
P1 28.48 a 52.25 b 123.45 a 4218.65 b
P2 28.62 a 54.11 a 126.48 a 4344.13 a
L2 P0 29.00 a 31.75 d 66.65 e 2319.62 f
P1 29.07 a 35.64 c 71.70 d 2500.61 e
P2 29.21 a 34.48 c 81.25 c 2847.66 d
变异来源 Source of variation 方差分析 Analysis of variance
光照 Light (L) NS ** ** **
磷肥 Phosphorous (P) NS ** ** **
光照×氮肥 (L×P) NS * * *

Fig. 1

Effects of shade on photosynthetic active radiation of soybean canopy L1: natural light environment; L2: low light environment with light transmittance of (60±5)%."

Fig. 2

Effects of different phosphate fertilizer application and light environment treatments on soybean leaf area after anthesis Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. R1: beginning flowering; R3: beginning pod; R5: beginning seed; R7: beginning maturity; LA: leaf area per plant; SLA: specific leaf area. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 3

Effects of different phosphate fertilizer application and light environment treatments on chlorophyll content of soybean leaf after anthesis Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. R1: beginning of flowering; R3: beginning of podding; R5: beginning of grain filling. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 4

Effects of different phosphate fertilizer application and light environment treatments on gas exchange parameters of soybean leaf after anthesis Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. R1: beginning of flowering; R3: beginning of podding; R5: beginning of grain filling; R7: beginning of maturity. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 5

Effects of different phosphate fertilizer application and light environment treatments on Wk, Vj and their correlation in soybean leaf after anthesis Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. R1: beginning of flowering; R3: beginning of podding; R5: beginning of grain filling; R7: beginning of maturity. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 6

Effects of different phosphate fertilizer application and light environment treatments on reaction center performance of photosystem II and their correlation in soybean leaf after anthesis Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. R1: beginning of flowering; R3: beginning of podding; R5: beginning of grain filling; R7: beginning of maturity. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

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