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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 1616-1623.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04206

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of boron deficiency/toxicity on the growth and proline metabolism of cotton seedlings

ZENG Zi-Jun(), ZENG Yu, YAN Lei, CHENG Jin, JIANG Cun-Cang*()   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Microelement Research Center, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2020-09-08 Accepted:2021-01-13 Online:2021-08-12 Published:2021-02-18
  • Contact: JIANG Cun-Cang E-mail:zjzeng.hzau.edu.cn@webmail.hzau.edu.cn;jcc2000@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(41271320);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2017PY055)

Abstract:

To investigate the response of cotton seedlings growth and proline metabolism to low- and excess-boron stress treatment conditions, the experiment was conducted using ‘E kang 10’ as experimental material using hydroponic method in a greenhouse of Huazhong Agricultural University. Boron (B) were applied at four levels at 0 mg L-1 (B0, no boron), 0.002 mg L-1 (B0.002, low concentration boron), 0.20 mg L-1 (B0.2, CK, sufficient concentration boron), and 50 mg L-1(B50, high concentration boron). The results showed that B0, B0.002, and B50 treatments significantly decreased the fresh and dry weights of plants, and inhibited root elongation relative to sufficient boron (CK, B0.2) treatment. With the increase of B concentration, B content in roots, stems, and leaves of cotton seedlings increased gradiently. Among them, B contents in the leaves under B0.2 and B50 treatments were higher than those in roots and stems, while B content in the roots was increased in leaves and stems under B0 and B0.002 treatments. Under low- and high-boron stress treatments, the content of proline in leaves increased dramatically, while proline in roots decreased. Further analysis of related enzyme activities in proline metabolism, we found that B0.002 and B50 treatments promoted the activities of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (OAT) in leaves, but decreased the activity of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) compared to CK; and the activity of Δ1-pyrroline-5- carboxylate reductase (P5CR) in leaves under B50 treatment was obviously increased, but there was no significant difference under B0.002 treatment. In addition, compared with CK, B50 treatment reduced the enzyme activities of OAT and P5CR in roots, while B0.002 treatment prominently increased the activities of P5CS and ProDH. The results showed that both low- and excess-boron stress inhibited the growth of cotton seedlings. Under boron stress, proline mainly was accumulated in the leaves of cotton seedlings, and the content of proline in roots decreased significantly. In the case of boron deficiency and boron toxicity, the accumulation of proline in leaves was mainly through regulating the activities of key enzymes (OAT, P5CS synthetase, and ProDH degrading enzyme) in proline Glu and Orn pathways, resulting in the proline synthesis rate higher than its degradation rate. However, in roots, the proline content was decreased mainly by promoting the degradation of proline under boron deficiency stress. Under high boron stress, proline synthesis and decomposition were inhibited mainly by reducing the activities of OAT, P5CS synthetase and ProDH decomposing enzyme, but the inhibitory effect on proline synthesis was much greater than its degradation, which eventually led to the decrease of proline content in roots.

Key words: cotton, boron, proline, synthesis and degradation

Fig. 1

Effects of different boron treatments on the growth of cotton seedlings B0: 0 mg L-1 of boron treatment; B0.002: 0.002 mg L-1 of boron treatment; B0.2: CK, 0.2 mg L-1 of boron treatment; B50: 50 mg L-1 of boron treatment."

Table 1

Effects of different boron treatments on growth indexes of cotton seedlings (g)"

处理
Treatment
根Root 茎Stem 叶Leaf 总鲜重
Total fresh weight
总干重
Total dry weight
鲜重
Fresh weight
干重
Dry weight
鲜重
Fresh weight
干重
Dry weight
鲜重
Fresh weight
干重
Dry weight
B0 0.37±0.16 b 0.04±0.03 b 0.84±0.15 b 0.10±0.02 b 2.68±0.74 b 0.25±0.05 b 3.89±0.97 b 0.40±0.09 b
B0.002 0.88±0.23 b 0.08±0.06 ab 2.07±0.11 b 0.23±0.02 b 4.87±1.33 ab 0.48±0.10 ab 7.81±1.21 ab 0.79±0.09 b
B0.2 1.75±0.75 a 0.14±0.04 a 3.86±1.49 a 0.52±0.20 a 7.92±3.50 a 0.88±0.37 a 13.53±5.70 a 1.54±0.60 a
B50 0.92±0.26 b 0.07±0.02 ab 2.33±0.44 b 0.24±0.06 b 4.79±0.89 ab 0.55±0.14 ab 8.03±1.23 ab 0.86±0.19 b

Table 2

Effects of different boron treatments on root growth of cotton seedlings"

处理
Treatment
总根长
TRL (cm)
总表面积
TSA (cm2)
根总体积
TRV (cm3)
根平均直径
RAD (mm)
侧根数
Number of lateral roots
根尖数
Number of apical roots
B0 83.84±30.21 c 22.55±8.55 c 0.49±0.20 b 0.86±0.12 a 460.67±246.51 c 136.67±1.15 b
B0.002 387.27±51.10 b 80.10±12.08 b 1.32±0.25 b 0.66±0.04 a 2310.67±341.91 b 172.00±29.72 a
B0.2 731.58±50.40 a 156.91±28.27 a 2.77±1.14 a 0.69±0.16 a 4826.67±578.81 a 173.67±11.93 a
B50 435.50±57.30 b 90.68±14.10 b 1.51±0.28 b 0.66±0.03 a 2644.67±465.37 b 121.00±7.94 b

Table 3

Effects of different boron treatments on boron content and accumulation in different parts of cotton seedlings"

处理
Treatment
硼含量B content (mg kg-1) 硼积累量B accumulation (μg plant-1)
根Root 茎Stem 叶Leaf 根Root 茎Stem 叶Leaf
B0 109.09±10.40 b 8.81±5.00 b 26.62±7.83 c 4.56±3.11 b 0.87±0.46 b 6.60±1.71 b
B0.002 67.32±6.47 c 15.95±0.91 b 31.61±6.58 c 5.20±3.88 b 3.71±0.03 b 15.46±5.94 b
B0.2 75.28±7.91 c 23.62±1.68 b 98.78±20.87 b 10.68±2.74 ab 12.39±5.46 a 89.55±49.52 b
B50 172.89±2.01 a 72.46±16.12 a 723.10±25.79 a 12.08±2.87 a 16.82±1.05 a 399.82±111.84 a

Table 4

Effects of different boron treatments on the contents of proline in leaves and roots of cotton seedlings (μg g-1)"

处理
Treatment

Leaf

Root
B0
B0.002 804.81±36.22 b 224.07±3.99 b
B0.2 742.96±19.11 c 306.27±6.92 a
B50 942.57±42.64 a 200.57±4.00 c

Fig. 2

Effects of different boron treatments on proline metabolism enzyme activities in leaves and roots of cotton seedlings Bars labeled with different lowercase letters represent significant differences among the treatments at the 0.05 probability level in roots and leaves, respectively. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 3

Proline synthesis and metabolism pathway in leaves and roots of cotton seedlings under low and high boron stress GSA: γ-glutamate-semialdehyde; P5C: pyrroline-5-carboxylate; P5CS: Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase; P5CR: Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase; OAT: ornithine-δ-aminotransferase; ProDH: proline dehydrogenase; P5CDH: pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase."

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