Welcome to Acta Agronomica Sinica，

Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9): 1753-1767.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04182

• RESEARCH PAPERS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Establishment of comprehensive evaluation system for cold tolerance and screening of cold-tolerance germplasm in peanut

ZHANG He1(), JIANG Chun-Ji1, YIN Dong-Mei2, DONG Jia-Le1, REN Jing-Yao1, ZHAO Xin-Hua1, ZHONG Chao1, WANG Xiao-Guang1, YU Hai-Qiu1   

  1. 1College of Agronomy / Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
    2College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
  • Received:2020-08-10 Accepted:2021-01-21 Online:2021-09-12 Published:2021-02-25
  • Contact: YU Hai-Qiu E-mail:ZhangHe_517@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China “Physiological Basis and Agronomic Management for High-quality and High-yield of Field Cash Crops”(2018YFD1000900);Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1902002)

RichHTML387

19

PDF

1105

Abstract:

Low temperature in early spring is the key factor limiting the yield and quality of peanut in Northeast China, which mainly occurs at germination and seedling stages. The selection and breeding of cold-tolerant cultivars are the most direct and effective means to solve the problem of chilling injury in agricultural production. In this study, 68 peanut cultivars mainly planted in Northeast China were used as experimental materials, and their cold tolerance was evaluated at germination and seedling stages in the climatic chamber and field, respectively. At germination stage, we found that the cold treatment at 6℃ for seven days could be the suitable condition for cold tolerance evaluation of large-scale peanut germplasm by the comprehensive membership function analysis and the standard normal distribution test according to the seed vigor of peanut cultivars after treatments at 10℃, 8℃, 6℃, and 4℃ for seven days. At seedling stage, after treatment at 6℃ for seven days, plant height, leaf area, fresh weight of aerial parts, fresh weight of root, dry weight of aerial parts, dry weight of root, and cold tolerance grade were measured to evaluate the cold tolerance of various peanut cultivars. Correlation analysis revealed that the leaf area, fresh weight of aerial parts and cold tolerance grade had the most significant relationships with cold tolerance and could be used as the main evaluation indicators for the identification of cold tolerance at seedling stage in peanut. In the field, cold tolerance of various cultivars were evaluated by emergence rate, emergence ability, and yield component factors through the early sowing and sowing by stages. Finally, based on the multiple phenotypic analysis, the most cold-tolerant peanut (cultivar NH5) and the most cold-sensitive peanut (cultivar FH18) were identified at germination and seedling stages, suitable for planting in Northeast China. This study provided the reference for peanut planting in high-latitude and cold regions and the excellent germplasm of cold tolerance mechanism in peanut.

Key words: peanut, cold tolerance, comprehensive evaluation, screening for germplasm resources

Table 1

Information of tested peanut materials"

编号
No. 		品种
Cultivar 		来源
Origin
1 农花1号 Nonghua 1 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
2 农花5号 Nonghua 5 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
3 农花9号 Nonghua 9 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
4 农花11号 Nonghua 11 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
5 农花12号 Nonghua 12 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
6 农花13号 Nonghua 13 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
7 农花14号 Nonghua 14 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
8 农花15号 Nonghua 15 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
9 农花16号 Nonghua 16 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
10 农花18号 Nonghua 18 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
11 农花19号 Nonghua 19 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
12 农花20号 Nonghua 20 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
13 农花21号 Nonghua 21 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
14 农花23号 Nonghua 23 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
15 彩花7号 Caihua 7 中国沈阳农业大学Shenyang Agricultural University, China
16 花育19号 Huayu 19 中国山东省花生研究所Shandong Peanut Research Institute, China
17 花育20号 Huayu 20 中国山东省花生研究所Shandong Peanut Research Institute, China
18 花育22号 Huayu 22 中国山东省花生研究所Shandong Peanut Research Institute, China
19 花育26号 Huayu 26 中国山东省花生研究所Shandong Peanut Research Institute, China
20 花育32号 Huayu 32 中国山东省花生研究所Shandong Peanut Research Institute, China
21 花育34号 Huayu 34 中国山东省花生研究所Shandong Peanut Research Institute, China
22 鲁花15号 Luhua 15 中国山东省花生研究所Shandong Peanut Research Institute, China
23 青兰2号 Qinglan 2 中国山东省花生研究所Shandong Peanut Research Institute, China
24 青花6号 Qinghua 6 中国青岛农业大学Qingdao Agricultural University, China
25 铁花1号 Tiehua 1 中国铁岭市农业科学院Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
26 铁花3号 Tiehua 3 中国铁岭市农业科学院Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
27 铁花5号 Tiehua 5 中国铁岭市农业科学院Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
28 铁花6号 Tiehua 6 中国铁岭市农业科学院Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
29 铁引花1号 Tieyinhua 1 中国铁岭市农业科学院Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
30 锦花5号 Jinhua 5 中国锦州农业科学院Jinzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
31 锦花9号 Jinhua 9 中国锦州农业科学院Jinzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
32 锦花14号 Jinhua 14 中国锦州农业科学院Jinzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
33 锦花15号 Jinhua 15 中国锦州农业科学院Jinzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
34 锦9703 Jin 9703 中国锦州农业科学院Jinzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
35 连花3号 Lianhua 3 中国大连市农业科学院Dalian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
36 连花6号 Lianhua 6 中国大连市农业科学院Dalian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
37 连花7号 Lianhua 7 中国大连市农业科学院Dalian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
38 阜花10号 Fuhua 10 中国辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所
Sandy Land Amelioration and Utilization Research Institute of Liaoning, China
39 阜花12号 Fuhua 12 中国辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所
Sandy Land Amelioration and Utilization Research Institute of Liaoning, China
40 阜花17号 Fuhua 17 中国辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所
Sandy Land Amelioration and Utilization Research Institute of Liaoning, China
41 阜花18号 Fuhua 18 中国辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所
Sandy Land Amelioration and Utilization Research Institute of Liaoning, China
编号
No. 		品种
Cultivar 		来源
Origin
42 阜花23号 Fuhua 23 中国辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所
Sandy Land Amelioration and Utilization Research Institute of Liaoning, China
43 阜花24号 Fuhua 24 中国辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所
Sandy Land Amelioration and Utilization Research Institute of Liaoning, China
44 玉宝4号 Yubao 4 中国辽宁玉宝农业科技有限公司
Liaoning Yubao Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, China
45 吉花0620 Jihua 0620 中国吉林省农业科学院Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
46 四粒红 Silihong 中国吉林省农家品种Local variety in Jilin province, China
47 白花9号 Baihua 9 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所
Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
48 红花9号 Honghua 9 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所
Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
49 红花15号 Honghua 15 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所
Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
50 冀油2号 Jiyou 2 中国河北省农林科学院Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, China
51 冀油9606 Jiyou 9606 中国河北省农林科学院Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, China
52 冀油98号 Jiyou 98 中国河北省农林科学院Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, China
53 唐油4号 Tangyou 4 中国唐山市农业科学院Tangshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
54 豫花11号 Yuhua 11 中国河南省农业科学院Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
55 远杂9102 Yuanza 9102 中国河南省农业科学院Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
56 粤油26号 Yueyou 26 中国广东省农业科学院Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
57 粤油29号 Yueyou 29 中国广东省农业科学院Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
58 粤油85号 Yueyou 85 中国广东省农业科学院Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
59 粤油196号 Yueyou 196 中国广东省农业科学院Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
60 白沙1016 Baisha 1016 中国广东省澄海县白沙农场Baisha Farm, Chenghai County, Guangdong Province, China
61 泉花868 Quanhua 868 中国泉州市农业科学研究所Quanzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
62 桂花5号 Guihua 5 中国广西农业科学院经济作物研究所
Economic Crop Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
63 日本中丰 Japan Zhongfeng 日本Japan
64 Y-7黑花生 Black peanut Y-7 不详Unknown
65 白沙二粒红 Baishaerlihong 不详Unknown
66 百日红 Bairihong 不详Unknown
67 双粒红 Shuanglihong 不详Unknown
68 紫花5号 Zihua 5 不详Unknown

Table 2

Classification criteria for cold tolerance of peanut seedlings"

级别
Rank 		耐冷表现
Phenotype 		耐冷性标记
Marker
9 所有叶片青绿或接近青绿 All leaves are green or close to green 极强 High tolerance (HT)
7 叶片有一点脱色或黄色 Leaves are slightly discolored or yellow 强 Tolerance (T)
5 叶片大部分黄化 Most of the leaves are yellow 中 Middle (M)
3 50%叶片干枯, 有些苗死亡 Fifty percent of the leaves are withered and some seedlings die 弱 Sensitive (S)
1 大部分或者全部苗死亡 Most or all seedlings die 极弱 High sensitive (HS)

Table 3

Germination characteristics of 68 peanut cultivars under different cold temperatures"

指标
Indicator 		温度
Temperature (℃) 		最大值
Max. 		最小值
Min. 		平均值
Mean 		变异系数
CV (%)
相对发芽势
Relative germination potential (%) 		10 100.00 39.00 87.76 9.15
8 100.00 10.00 70.96 30.17
6 97.00 0.00 55.75 48.22
4 91.00 0.00 27.00 85.23
相对发芽率
Relative germination rate (%) 		10 100.00 47.00 90.38 7.41
8 100.00 12.00 72.37 29.08
6 97.00 4.00 61.10 41.02
4 94.00 0.00 31.00 77.10
相对发芽指数
Relative germination index (%) 		10 94.00 3.00 76.66 13.96
8 82.00 5.00 46.10 35.35
6 80.00 0.00 35.80 46.38
4 72.00 0.00 15.88 104.58
相对活力指数
Relative vigor index (%) 		10 84.00 17.00 64.76 16.37
8 61.00 3.00 32.63 39.43
6 61.00 2.00 23.78 53.99
4 53.00 0.00 10.87 93.55

Table S1

Membership function analysis of cold tolerance coefficients of 68 peanut germplasm after different cold treatments"

品种
Cultivars 		10℃ D值
D-value 		8℃ D值
D-value 		6℃ D值
D-value 		4℃ D值
D-value
μ(x1) μ(x2) μ(x3) μ(x4) μ(x1) μ(x2) μ(x3) μ(x4) μ(x1) μ(x2) μ(x3) μ(x4) μ(x1) μ(x2) μ(x3) μ(x4)
农花1号Nonghua 1 0.934 0.981 0.906 0.925 0.937 0.956 0.955 0.835 0.862 0.902 0.890 0.980 0.780 0.710 0.840 0.791 0.862 0.792 0.642 0.772
农花5号Nonghua 5 0.934 0.962 0.953 0.940 0.948 0.978 0.932 0.949 0.879 0.935 0.920 1.000 1.000 0.780 0.930 0.890 0.883 1.000 0.547 0.830
农花9号Nonghua 9 0.754 0.811 0.578 0.672 0.704 0.467 0.364 0.329 0.241 0.350 0.110 0.190 0.060 0.160 0.130 0.000 0.021 0.000 0.019 0.010
农花11号Nonghua 11 0.820 0.774 0.609 0.672 0.719 0.756 0.705 0.595 0.517 0.643 0.620 0.600 0.600 0.380 0.550 0.363 0.479 0.403 0.264 0.377
农花12号Nonghua 12 0.967 0.925 0.906 0.836 0.908 0.911 0.943 0.747 0.793 0.849 0.900 0.950 0.810 0.800 0.870 0.615 0.638 0.472 0.321 0.512
农花13号Nonghua 13 0.738 0.792 0.688 0.716 0.734 0.767 0.705 0.582 0.534 0.647 0.700 0.820 0.620 0.340 0.620 0.396 0.436 0.278 0.264 0.343
农花14号Nonghua 14 0.902 0.868 0.859 0.806 0.859 0.911 0.898 0.835 0.948 0.898 0.790 0.850 0.780 0.520 0.740 0.363 0.394 0.264 0.264 0.321
农花15号Nonghua 15 0.869 0.943 0.781 0.701 0.824 0.844 0.875 0.633 0.621 0.743 0.730 0.850 0.750 0.480 0.700 0.352 0.415 0.208 0.208 0.296
农花16号Nonghua 16 0.820 0.849 0.781 0.597 0.762 0.411 0.375 0.380 0.276 0.360 0.040 0.000 0.030 0.010 0.020 0.022 0.032 0.028 0.019 0.025
农花18号Nonghua 18 0.738 0.868 0.891 0.776 0.818 0.867 0.909 0.557 0.431 0.691 0.660 0.820 0.520 0.320 0.580 0.341 0.372 0.236 0.170 0.280
彩花7号
Caihua 7 		1.000 0.981 0.969 1.000 0.987 1.000 0.977 0.886 0.897 0.940 0.880 0.890 0.740 0.770 0.820 0.967 0.957 0.653 0.604 0.795
农花19号Nonghua 19 0.803 0.774 0.656 0.597 0.708 0.767 0.841 0.456 0.517 0.645 0.650 0.710 0.400 0.420 0.540 0.396 0.436 0.250 0.245 0.332
农花20号Nonghua 20 0.803 0.736 0.688 0.746 0.743 0.822 0.784 0.557 0.655 0.705 0.680 0.740 0.450 0.400 0.570 0.297 0.309 0.194 0.170 0.242
农花21号Nonghua 21 0.820 0.849 0.828 0.836 0.833 0.689 0.761 0.532 0.569 0.638 0.550 0.700 0.480 0.400 0.530 0.429 0.426 0.292 0.283 0.357
农花23号Nonghua 23 0.902 0.925 0.906 0.925 0.914 0.933 0.955 0.823 0.759 0.867 0.910 0.950 0.640 0.710 0.800 0.813 0.862 0.708 0.415 0.700
花育19号Huayu 19 0.934 0.887 0.828 0.776 0.856 0.933 0.886 0.722 0.776 0.829 0.850 0.880 0.680 0.680 0.770 0.484 0.447 0.403 0.189 0.380
花育20号Huayu 20 0.820 0.849 0.688 0.761 0.779 0.322 0.352 0.228 0.155 0.264 0.130 0.170 0.080 0.100 0.120 0.044 0.096 0.014 0.057 0.053
花育22号Huayu 22 0.902 0.962 0.922 0.940 0.932 0.944 0.966 0.861 0.845 0.904 0.880 0.920 0.800 0.680 0.820 0.659 0.723 0.472 0.358 0.553
花育26号Huayu 26 0.738 0.755 0.688 0.672 0.713 0.711 0.693 0.557 0.466 0.607 0.570 0.710 0.370 0.450 0.530 0.297 0.351 0.194 0.189 0.258
花育32号Huayu 32 0.738 0.811 0.656 0.791 0.749 0.733 0.716 0.620 0.466 0.634 0.410 0.390 0.360 0.270 0.360 0.198 0.202 0.111 0.113 0.156
花育34号Huayu 34 0.721 0.774 0.563 0.821 0.720 0.744 0.795 0.646 0.603 0.697 0.580 0.660 0.410 0.400 0.510 0.264 0.277 0.153 0.132 0.206
鲁花15号
Luhua 15 		0.689 0.792 0.438 0.478 0.599 0.456 0.386 0.342 0.328 0.378 0.250 0.300 0.160 0.120 0.220 0.033 0.053 0.028 0.038 0.038
青兰2号Qinglan 2 0.721 0.736 0.719 0.896 0.768 0.767 0.795 0.722 0.500 0.696 0.370 0.440 0.250 0.220 0.320 0.187 0.181 0.069 0.113 0.138
青花6号Qinghua 6 0.836 0.887 0.844 0.791 0.839 0.744 0.807 0.646 0.621 0.704 0.430 0.460 0.390 0.300 0.390 0.363 0.447 0.194 0.208 0.303
铁花1号
Tiehua 1 		0.639 0.849 0.750 0.627 0.716 0.711 0.807 0.620 0.586 0.681 0.560 0.830 0.430 0.420 0.560 0.121 0.181 0.083 0.038 0.106
铁花3号
Tiehua 3 		0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.056 0.000 0.025 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
铁花5号
Tiehua 5 		0.820 0.868 0.750 0.672 0.777 0.778 0.727 0.582 0.500 0.647 0.500 0.530 0.300 0.350 0.420 0.220 0.266 0.125 0.151 0.190
铁花6号
Tiehua 6 		0.885 0.906 0.938 0.881 0.902 0.889 0.841 0.620 0.707 0.764 0.920 0.960 0.610 0.530 0.760 0.220 0.287 0.181 0.189 0.219
铁引花1号Tieyinhua 1 0.820 0.792 0.781 0.776 0.792 0.867 0.875 0.582 0.517 0.710 0.680 0.820 0.590 0.660 0.690 0.209 0.266 0.139 0.264 0.219
锦花5号
Jinhua 5 		0.820 0.811 0.813 0.687 0.783 0.422 0.466 0.468 0.448 0.451 0.170 0.320 0.130 0.240 0.210 0.088 0.160 0.083 0.132 0.116
锦花9号
Jinhua 9 		0.820 0.849 0.891 0.716 0.819 0.933 0.932 0.709 0.776 0.837 0.820 0.960 0.690 0.540 0.750 0.286 0.340 0.153 0.151 0.232
锦花14号
Jinhua 14 		0.836 0.849 0.781 0.776 0.811 0.689 0.773 0.608 0.328 0.599 0.340 0.490 0.210 0.200 0.310 0.209 0.255 0.125 0.132 0.180
锦花15号
Jinhua 15 		0.820 0.849 0.500 0.761 0.732 0.711 0.864 0.633 0.621 0.707 0.700 0.820 0.610 0.380 0.630 0.396 0.447 0.236 0.264 0.336
锦9703
Jin 9703 		0.803 0.717 0.734 0.672 0.732 0.667 0.682 0.443 0.414 0.551 0.480 0.570 0.410 0.400 0.460 0.187 0.223 0.111 0.132 0.163
连花3号Lianhua 3 0.869 0.811 0.906 0.657 0.811 0.811 0.761 0.519 0.448 0.635 0.490 0.490 0.430 0.370 0.450 0.132 0.181 0.069 0.113 0.124
连花6号Lianhua 6 0.852 0.811 0.813 0.746 0.806 0.789 0.841 0.646 0.621 0.724 0.710 0.920 0.620 0.510 0.690 0.352 0.383 0.153 0.264 0.288
连花7号Lianhua 7 0.803 0.868 0.516 0.701 0.722 0.600 0.625 0.354 0.345 0.481 0.300 0.220 0.240 0.150 0.230 0.044 0.053 0.028 0.038 0.041
阜花10号
Fuhua 10 		0.820 0.887 0.656 0.552 0.729 0.578 0.625 0.481 0.414 0.524 0.600 0.640 0.460 0.290 0.500 0.286 0.351 0.194 0.170 0.250
阜花12号
Fuhua 12 		0.836 0.849 0.766 0.761 0.803 0.833 0.795 0.734 0.655 0.755 0.530 0.890 0.370 0.420 0.550 0.264 0.309 0.167 0.189 0.232
阜花17号
Fuhua 17 		0.738 0.792 0.469 0.776 0.694 0.711 0.739 0.532 0.397 0.594 0.510 0.570 0.380 0.280 0.440 0.132 0.149 0.083 0.113 0.119
阜花18号
Fuhua 18 		0.557 0.679 0.531 0.522 0.573 0.000 0.000 0.051 0.034 0.021 0.040 0.040 0.020 0.030 0.030 0.011 0.011 0.014 0.019 0.014
阜花23号
Fuhua 23 		0.721 0.660 0.641 0.463 0.621 0.300 0.352 0.304 0.276 0.308 0.450 0.480 0.330 0.300 0.390 0.077 0.096 0.028 0.038 0.060
阜花24号
Fuhua 24 		0.902 0.849 0.594 0.687 0.758 0.467 0.420 0.392 0.397 0.419 0.450 0.540 0.530 0.340 0.470 0.286 0.309 0.167 0.132 0.223
玉宝4号
Yubao 4 		0.820 0.774 0.625 0.627 0.711 0.656 0.750 0.582 0.534 0.631 0.700 0.780 0.670 0.390 0.630 0.231 0.266 0.194 0.189 0.220
吉花0620
Jihua 0620 		0.672 0.792 0.625 0.716 0.702 0.322 0.330 0.266 0.276 0.298 0.340 0.370 0.230 0.180 0.280 0.099 0.117 0.056 0.075 0.087
四粒红
Silihong 		0.984 1.000 1.000 0.955 0.985 0.967 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.992 0.920 1.000 0.920 0.770 0.900 1.000 1.000 0.931 1.000 0.983
白花9号
Baihua 9 		0.705 0.811 0.484 0.493 0.623 0.767 0.739 0.506 0.431 0.611 0.130 0.570 0.160 0.340 0.300 0.297 0.362 0.194 0.170 0.256
红花9号Honghua 9 0.721 0.755 0.688 0.821 0.746 0.656 0.682 0.557 0.534 0.607 0.330 0.450 0.220 0.240 0.310 0.198 0.234 0.139 0.208 0.195
红花15号Honghua 15 0.738 0.774 0.719 0.522 0.688 0.811 0.750 0.582 0.603 0.687 0.730 0.780 0.710 0.470 0.670 0.242 0.394 0.167 0.151 0.238
冀油2号
Jiyou 2 		0.770 0.774 0.641 0.627 0.703 0.433 0.511 0.519 0.414 0.469 0.220 0.240 0.130 0.110 0.180 0.011 0.021 0.028 0.019 0.020
冀油9606
Jiyou 9606 		0.738 0.792 0.750 0.507 0.697 0.100 0.148 0.089 0.172 0.127 0.250 0.280 0.160 0.120 0.200 0.000 0.011 0.000 0.019 0.007
冀油98号
Jiyou 98 		0.787 0.830 0.672 0.761 0.763 0.767 0.784 0.380 0.310 0.560 0.530 0.570 0.450 0.360 0.480 0.231 0.287 0.139 0.151 0.202
唐油4号Tangyou 4 0.836 0.849 0.906 0.687 0.819 0.822 0.886 0.620 0.569 0.724 0.720 0.750 0.590 0.270 0.580 0.418 0.436 0.417 0.264 0.384
豫花11号
Yuhua 11 		0.787 0.736 0.656 0.612 0.698 0.378 0.398 0.354 0.328 0.364 0.310 0.400 0.200 0.180 0.270 0.154 0.181 0.083 0.113 0.133
远杂9102
Yuanza 9102 		0.984 0.962 0.938 0.910 0.948 0.967 0.932 0.759 0.862 0.880 0.850 0.890 0.800 0.630 0.790 0.802 0.915 0.583 0.736 0.759
粤油26号
Yueyou 26 		0.803 0.849 0.766 0.597 0.754 0.233 0.284 0.203 0.155 0.219 0.230 0.250 0.130 0.110 0.180 0.011 0.043 0.014 0.038 0.026
粤油29号Yueyou 29 0.721 0.755 0.609 0.597 0.671 0.433 0.432 0.342 0.345 0.388 0.570 0.600 0.470 0.250 0.470 0.363 0.394 0.236 0.208 0.300
粤油85号Yueyou 85 0.787 0.887 0.641 0.552 0.717 0.433 0.466 0.418 0.345 0.415 0.360 0.490 0.300 0.300 0.360 0.154 0.223 0.083 0.151 0.153
粤油196号Yueyou 196 0.820 0.755 0.578 0.627 0.695 0.556 0.500 0.506 0.397 0.490 0.380 0.410 0.260 0.210 0.320 0.220 0.245 0.111 0.132 0.177
白沙1016
Baisha 1016 		0.705 0.755 0.688 0.642 0.697 0.433 0.455 0.304 0.190 0.345 0.100 0.170 0.090 0.060 0.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
泉花868
Quanhua 868 		0.803 0.755 0.547 0.537 0.661 0.822 0.750 0.608 0.500 0.670 0.460 0.490 0.360 0.370 0.420 0.187 0.245 0.139 0.113 0.171
桂花5号
Guihua 5 		0.770 0.755 0.734 0.552 0.703 0.400 0.443 0.316 0.310 0.367 0.190 0.430 0.140 0.220 0.250 0.077 0.096 0.028 0.019 0.055
日本中丰 Zhongfeng 0.869 0.811 0.844 0.761 0.821 0.789 0.761 0.595 0.569 0.679 0.530 0.710 0.370 0.520 0.530 0.198 0.245 0.167 0.189 0.199
Y-7 黑花生Black peanut Y-7 0.984 1.000 1.000 0.970 0.988 0.933 0.977 0.911 0.897 0.930 0.910 0.960 0.830 1.010 0.930 0.967 0.989 0.875 0.792 0.906
白沙二粒红Baishaerlihong 0.918 0.906 0.938 0.821 0.896 0.878 0.909 0.608 0.707 0.775 0.760 0.850 0.800 0.530 0.740 0.396 0.436 0.306 0.340 0.369
百日红Bairihong 0.869 0.868 0.875 0.806 0.854 0.767 0.807 0.646 0.517 0.684 0.630 0.750 0.610 0.520 0.630 0.187 0.213 0.111 0.151 0.165
双粒红Shuanglihong 0.705 0.792 0.656 0.776 0.732 0.689 0.648 0.380 0.379 0.524 0.720 0.750 0.530 0.410 0.600 0.132 0.128 0.056 0.057 0.093
紫花5号
Zihua 5 		0.803 0.755 0.828 0.896 0.820 0.800 0.807 0.709 0.655 0.743 0.690 0.780 0.570 0.570 0.650 0.341 0.394 0.389 0.302 0.356

Fig. 1

Normal distribution of D-values of 68 peanut cultivars after different cold treatments A: frequency histogram; B: QQ-Plot."

Fig. 2

Cluster analysis of cold tolerance of 68 peanut cultivars"

Fig. S1

Diurnal variation of 5 cm ground temperature during the trial period"

Fig. 3

Effects of early sowing dates on seeding emergence of 30 peanut cultivars A: relative emergency rate; B: emergency ability. * and ** mean significantly different at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively."

Table S2

Effect of early sowing on yield components of 30 peanut germplasm"

品种
Cultivars 		单株饱果数
Number of full pods per plant 		单株产量
Yield per plant 		百果重
100-pod weight 		百仁重
100-seed weight
第一期
1st phase 		第二期
2nd phase 		第三期
3rd phase 		第一期
1st phase 		第二期
2nd phase 		第三期
3rd phase 		第一期
1st phase 		第二期
2nd phase 		第三期
3rd phase 		第一期
1st phase 		第二期
2nd phase 		第三期
3rd phase
农花1号Nonghua 1 12±0.38b 17±0.54a 19±0.27a 21.44±1.55b 27.03±1.19a 28.99±1.06a 159.94±7.72a 164.99±11.28a 173.50±12.55a 73.58±5.58a 72.06±4.02a 77.38±4.77a
农花5号Nonghua 5 17±0.52a 19±0.88a 20±0.42a 22.71±0.98c 27.42±1.21b 33.90±1.42a 166.68±11.48a 163.12±9.97a 175.62±11.42a 66.68±2.83a 68.32±3.72a 69.63±3.50a
农花9号Nonghua 9 10±1.02b 17±0.44ab 21±0.53a 12.38±1.22c 16.58±2.04b 24.51±1.49a 133.78±4.55a 139.52±13.28a 143.25±7.92a 63.34±2.99b 65.72±4.58ab 73.72±2.74a
农花11号Nonghua 11 10±0.45b 12±0.27b 17±0.36a 12.33±0.88c 17.23±1.28b 24.89±0.86a 138.07±5.52a 142.34±6.96a 147.67±14.41a 60.06±4.22a 62.33±3.37a 64.40±3.25a
农花12号Nonghua 12 13±0.73b 17±0.46a 20±0.51a 22.48±0.64c 28.83±1.10b 36.08±2.48a 152.58±11.32ab 147.40±7.72b 165.77±11.88a 68.82±3.88a 70.02±4.36a 71.26±3.89a
农花13号Nonghua 13 7±0.50b 10±0.28b 16±0.52a 13.58±2.45c 19.02±0.82b 24.78±1.94a 155.28±6.76a 160.70±12.23a 159.23±8.95a 60.85±4.31a 63.38±2.99a 61.96±4.21a
农花16号Nonghua 16 6±0.47c 10±0.78b 16±0.44a 6.85±1.44b 9.98±0.85b 20.32±1.40a 110.82±8.43b 117.78±9.34ab 126.87±7.78a 46.63±1.98a 49.42±1.93a 51.43±4.78a
农花18号Nonghua 18 9±0.63b 12±0.68ab 14±0.58a 17.72±1.29b 22.76±2.22a 26.79±1.34a 140.90±10.08a 147.32±7.79a 150.63±11.63a 68.89±2.35b 71.43±2.88ab 77.44±5.59a
农花19号Nonghua 19 9±0.82b 13±0.27ab 15±0.37a 14.43±2.28c 18.95±2.05b 25.11±1.77a 149.36±5.57a 155.78±15.52a 167.38±12.93a 69.67±4.07a 72.49±3.75ab 76.35±4.47a
农花23号Nonghua 23 11±0.26c 15±0.60b 21±0.59a 13.37±1.34c 19.93±1.58b 29.76±2.24a 127.58±6.88a 132.08±13.33a 134.50±10.14a 68.92±5.82a 70.45±4.03a 73.58±5.32a
彩花7号Caihua 7 10±0.66b 12±0.70b 17±0.56a 7.79±0.49c 12.07±1.42b 22.80±2.00a 149.34±8.32a 156.28±8.83a 160.50±6.98a 72.00±4.74a 69.00±6.32a 70.00±4.16a
花育19号Huayu 19 11±1.02b 14±0.74ab 17±0.29a 21.30±2.21c 26.32±1.98b 33.76±2.17a 188.60±11.36b 190.37±12.28ab 208.40±9.94a 82.03±5.13ab 77.32±5.59b 85.36±3.27a
花育20号Huayu 20 7±0.79b 10±0.82b 14±0.37a 10.02±1.44c 14.94±0.72b 20.58±1.59a 150.30±14.42a 145.32±6.79a 143.80±12.12a 66.37±3.51ab 62.38±3.88b 69.60±3.74a
花育22号Huayu 22 19±0.68b 22±0.60b 26±0.07a 24.36±2.28c 29.77±1.63b 35.82±2.85a 189.90±10.97a 192.56±11.42a 199.38±10.99a 77.43±4.42a 82.03±4.06a 79.82±3.98a
花育32号Huayu 32 7±0.34b 10±0.23b 14±0.40a 9.96±1.74c 14.21±1.22b 21.00±2.55a 166.38±9.49a 169.72±14.47a 173.00±11.12a 60.50±2.28b 64.28±3.15ab 67.00±2.21a
铁花1号Tiehua 1 10±0.50c 14±0.58b 19±0.92a 15.58±0.88c 22.65±1.43b 29.18±1.62a 144.58±8.83a 147.42±4.99a 148.95±9.56a 62.26±1.97a 60.85±5.52a 65.40±4.98a
铁花3号Tiehua 3 4±0.39b 5±0.49b 12±0.25a 6.78±0.96b 8.22±1.12b 28.15±2.33a 148.87±13.44a 154.92±11.28a 159.88±13.21a 60.82±3.44ab 57.79±3.17b 65.65±2.85a
锦花5号Jinhua 5 8±0.53b 7±0.78b 13±0.56a 11.03±1.48c 15.32±1.60b 21.05±1.12a 142.36±11.80a 140.42±12.27a 138.70±9.45a 62.23±2.24a 67.07±2.94a 66.50±4.44a
阜花12号Fuhua 12 7±0.48c 14±0.67b 20±0.57a 10.74±1.84b 14.42±.077b 20.00±1.61a 166.32±13.32a 175.00±16.68a 180.00±11.56a 66.37±3.55a 68.83±1.99a 72.00±2.84a
阜花18号Fuhua 18 5±0.92b 7±1.04b 17±0.42a 7.73±0.99b 10.08±1.83b 19.30±1.52a 155.42±9.97b 163.70±7.78ab 184.00±12.55a 70.37±4.14a 70.60±3.51a 75.00±4.53a
阜花23号Fuhua 23 7±0.48b 10±0.67ab 14±0.98a 10.33±1.95c 14.95±2.08b 20.88±1.44a 147.73±6.48a 150.02±9.96a 154.68±8.88a 57.58±2.74b 60.35±2.58b 71.84±3.16a
四粒红Silihong 3±0.62c 7±0.63b 20±0.70a 3.96±1.93b 7.78±1.05b 17.93±2.47a 133.54±8.22a 137.78±11.77a 145.88±9.74a 50.58±3.93b 54.78±4.17ab 59.88±4.99a
冀油2号Jiyou 2 8±0.44b 11±0.88ab 15±0.43a 13.31±0.93c 19.92±2.63b 27.51±3.04a 126.33±4.99a 130.06±17.24a 136.19±13.19a 59.62±5.02a 63.38±3.20a 61.13±2.78a
冀油9606
Jiyou 9606 		5±0.68b 6±0.37b 14±0.95a 9.30±2.55b 10.72±1.58b 19.30±2.02a 120.31±12.26ab 114.22±8.78b 133.78±13.21a 49.32±3.72a 51.38±4.79a 55.77±3.06a
唐油4号Tangyou 4 13±0.22b 14±0.46b 18±0.83a 18.44±1.77b 20.36±3.06b 26.80±1.12a 165.83±13.58b 177.43±14.42ab 186.94±9.98a 63.34±4.68b 68.89±5.21ab 73.25±4.99a
远杂9102
Yuanza 9102 		11±0.33b 14±0.54ab 18±0.71a 18.29±2.06c 23.96±2.34b 29.85±2.57a 155.98±8.87b 161.22±12.13ab 176.70±14.66a 63.32±3.99a 62.18±4.12a 67.58±5.35a
粤油26号Yueyou 26 4±0.34b 7±0.17b 12±0.29a 11.92±0.99b 14.46±1.73b 21.90±2.56a 133.48±5.31ab 128.97±15.23b 145.88±12.22a 60.52±2.68b 62.98±3.00b 69.70±1.87a
粤油85号Yueyou 85 8±0.39b 12±0.44ab 16±0.19a 13.61±1.19c 18.84±1.52b 24.73±1.88a 160.72±9.27a 166.37±7.77a 172.68±17.77a 59.95±4.44a 63.08 ±2.78a 63.52±3.33a
白沙1016
Baisha 1016 		7±0.58c 12±0.39b 18±0.45a 13.05±0.76c 21.32±2.19b 33.74±1.98a 155.48±8.83b 160.02±15.52ab 178.64±9.96a 63.02±6.03ab 60.47±3.77b 69.08±4.54a
Y-7黑花生Black peanut Y-7 4±0.30b 8±0.71a 11±0.52a 4.57±3.17 7.08±1.72 11.08±0.24 100.59±7.72a 102.33±12.88a 111.72±9.72a 38.10±2.45ab 36.08±4.42b 44.07±2.60a

Fig. 4

Membership function analysis of field cold tolerance indexes of 30 peanut cultivars X1-1 and X1-2 represent the relative emergence rate of the first sowing date and the second sowing date, respectively; X2-1 and X2-2 represent the relative emergence ability of the first sowing date and the second sowing date, respectively; X3-1 and X3-2 represent the relative number of full pods per plant of the first sowing date and the second sowing date, respectively; X4-1 and X4-2 represent the relative yield per plant of the first sowing date and the second sowing date, respectively; X5-1 and X5-2 represent the relative weight of 100-pod weight of the first sowing date and the second sowing date, respectively; X6-1 and X6-2 represent the relative weight of 100-seed weight of the first sowing date and the second sowing date, respectively."

Fig. 5

Comparison of peanut cold tolerance evaluation in different environments based on multiple phenotypic analysis"

Fig. S2

Phenotypic changes of 30 peanut cultivars under cold stress"

Table S3

Cold tolerance coefficients of various phenotypic characters of 30 peanut germplasm"

品种
Cultivars 		耐冷等级
Cold tolerance grade 		株高
Plant height
(%) 		叶面积
Leaf area
(%) 		地上部鲜重
Shoot fresh weight
(%) 		地下部鲜重
Root fresh weight
(%) 		地上部干重
Shoot dry weight
(%) 		地下部干重
Root dry weight
(%)
农花1号Nonghua 1 8.0ab 87.67a 72.73bc 74.55b 98.33a 95.91a 90.73a
农花5号Nonghua 5 8.6a 89.66a 79.60b 80.00a 90.17ab 95.07a 94.69a
农花9号Nonghua 9 5.7d 74.52bc 46.12e 47.59de 74.96cd 70.99cd 80.65b
农花11号Nonghua 11 6.3cd 69.06c 60.12cd 59.11c 88.96b 85.30b 80.90b
农花12号Nonghua 12 6.5c 65.88c 58.23d 57.26cd 84.73bc 88.42ab 91.30a
农花13号Nonghua 13 6.8c 73.48bc 56.24d 57.04cd 76.86cd 85.91b 85.83ab
农花16号Nonghua 16 3.3fg 57.59de 28.31g 44.83e 57.75ef 65.85d 58.92e
农花18号Nonghua 18 4.8e 68.34c 37.17f 51.49d 74.88cd 78.67bc 64.34d
农花19号Nonghua 19 7.4b 77.40b 62.49cd 61.91c 85.14b 91.75a 88.61ab
农花23号Nonghua 23 6.3cd 70.14bc 48.02e 53.43d 87.34b 78.99bc 81.30b
彩花7号Caihua 7 8.6a 87.29a 88.44a 82.63a 99.32a 91.03a 86.69ab
花育19号Huayu 19 7.2bc 76.83b 55.60d 52.84d 80.95c 76.60c 84.11b
花育20号Huayu 20 4.3ef 59.08d 35.82f 46.38de 56.37f 58.88de 59.81de
花育22号Huayu 22 8.2ab 87.01a 75.55b 77.81ab 89.56b 86.28ab 94.72a
花育32号Huayu 32 5.9cd 68.43c 46.61e 50.75d 64.46e 78.68bc 75.16c
铁花1号Tiehua 1 5.7d 68.62c 58.57d 61.14c 76.11cd 85.38b 86.28ab
铁花3号Tiehua 3 3.7f 52.87e 28.81g 45.84de 57.30ef 63.74d 61.45d
锦花5号Jinhua 5 5.0de 64.86cd 50.09de 52.31d 76.15cd 82.53b 69.51cd
阜花12号Fuhua 12 6.3cd 70.32bc 55.25d 63.10c 88.65b 93.34a 87.12ab
阜花18号Fuhua 18 2.7g 52.03e 25.22g 35.55f 41.22g 49.31f 45.55f
阜花23号Fuhua 23 5.5d 79.93b 44.11e 61.95c 76.12cd 82.78b 73.39c
四粒红Silihong 3.7f 62.98cd 34.43f 37.17ef 35.07h 55.72e 42.13f
冀油2号Jiyou 2 5.1de 67.13c 41.54ef 53.54d 67.94de 70.78cd 68.48cd
冀油9606 Jiyou 9606 2.7g 56.28de 28.23g 36.66ef 68.81d 65.51d 46.27f
唐油4号Tangyou 4 7.4b 75.61b 69.43c 62.23c 93.13ab 86.91ab 91.53a
远杂9102 Yuanza 9102 7.0bc 74.85bc 63.01cd 61.76c 76.86cd 83.84b 81.50b
粤油26号Yueyou 26 5.0de 67.43c 40.68ef 46.28de 71.49d 68.51cd 72.32c
粤油85号Yueyou 85 4.3ef 60.08cd 30.14fg 40.70e 59.49ef 77.89bc 70.24cd
白沙1016 Baisha 1016 5.5d 67.46c 52.91de 49.28d 60.21ef 86.65ab 71.01c
Y-7黑花生Black peanut Y-7 7.7b 72.86bc 70.11bc 60.09c 82.31bc 92.93a 84.75b

Fig. 6

Distributions and correlations of the measured values of phenotypic traits PH: plant height; LA: leaf area; SFW: shoot fresh weight; RFW: root fresh weight; SDW: shoot dry weight; RDW: root dry weight; CTG: cold tolerance grade. * and ** mean significantly different at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. "

Table S4

Eigenvalue and cumulative variance contribution rate on various indexes"

成分
Component 		初始特征值
Initial eigenvalues 		提取载荷平方和
Extraction sums of squared loadings 		旋转载荷平方和
Sum of squares of rotating loads
合计
Total 		方差
Variance (%) 		累积
Accumulation
(%) 		合计
Total 		方差
Variance (%) 		累积
Accumulation
(%) 		合计
Total 		方差
Variance
(%) 		累积
Accumulation
(%)
X1 6.14 87.64 87.64 6.14 87.64 87.64 3.01 43.07 43.07
X2 0.34 4.91 92.56 0.34 4.91 92.56 2.37 33.92 76.99
X3 0.17 2.40 94.95 0.17 2.40 94.95 1.26 17.96 94.95
X4 0.15 2.07 97.03
X5 0.12 1.64 98.67
X6 0.08 1.10 99.77
X7 0.02 0.23 100.00

Table S5

Rotated feature matrix"

性状
Trait 		主成分1
Component 1 		主成分2
Component 2 		主成分3
Component 3
株高 Plant height 0.85
叶面积 Leaf area 0.75
地上部鲜重 Shoot fresh weight 0.77
地下部鲜重 Root fresh weight 0.93
地上部干重 Shoot dry weight 0.89
地下部干重 Root dry weight 0.75
耐冷等级 Cold tolerance grade 0.73

Fig. 7

Comprehensive scores of cold tolerance of 30 peanut cultivars at seedling stage"

[1] 国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴2019. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2019.
National Bureau of Statistics. Statistical Yearbook. Statistical Yearbook of China 2019. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2019 (in Chinese).
[2] 张高华, 于树涛, 王鹤, 王旭达. 高油酸花生发芽期低温胁迫转录组及差异表达基因分析. 遗传, 2019, 41:1050-1059.
Zhang G H, Yu S T, Wang H, Wang X D. Transcriptome profiling of high oleic peanut under low temperature during germination. Hereditas, 2019, 41:1050-1059 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[3] Zhang H, Dong J, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Ren J, Xing L, Jiang C, Wang X, Wang J, Zhao S, Yu H. Research progress in membrane lipid metabolism and molecular mechanism in peanut cold tolerance. Front Plant Sci, 2019, 10:838.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00838 pmid: 31316538
[4] 周亚峰, 许彦宾, 王艳玲, 李琼, 胡建斌. 基于主成分-聚类分析构建甜瓜幼苗耐冷性综合评价体系. 植物学报, 2017, 52:520-529.
doi: 10.11983/CBB16138
Zhou Y F, Xu Y B, Wang Y L, Li Q, Hu J B. Establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for chilling tolerance in melon seedlings based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Chin Bull Bot, 2017, 52:520-529 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5] 张瑞栋, 肖梦颖, 徐晓雪, 姜冰, 邢艺凡, 陈小飞, 李邦, 艾雪莹, 周宇飞, 黄瑞冬. 高粱种子对萌发温度的响应分析与耐低温萌发能力鉴定. 作物学报, 2020, 46:889-901.
Zhang R D, Xiao M Y, Xu X X, Jiang B, Xing Y F, Chen X F, Li B, Ai X Y, Zhou Y F, Huang R D. Responses of sorghum hybrids to germination temperatures and identification of low temperature resistance. Acta Agron Sin, 2020, 46:889-901 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[6] 黄贺, 闫蕾, 吕艳, 丁晓雨, 蔡俊松, 程勇, 张学昆, 邹锡玲. 甘蓝型油菜发芽期低温耐性的评价与材料筛选. 中国油料作物学报, 2019, 41:723-734.
Huang H, Yan L, Lyu Y, Ding X Y, Cai J S, Cheng Y, Zhang X K, Zou X L. Screening and evaluation of low temperature tolerance of rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) at germination stage. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2019, 41:723-734 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[7] 张玮, 易拓, 唐维, 宋勇. 木薯耐寒性种质资源及其鉴定指标的筛选与综合评价. 热带作物学报, 2019, 40(1):1-10.
Zhang W, Yi T, Tang W, Song Y. Selection and comprehensive evaluation of Cassava cold-resistant germplasm resources and identification indexes. Chin J Trop Crops, 2019, 40(1):1-10 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8] 张笑笑, 潘映红, 任富莉, 蒲伟军, 王道平, 李玉斌, 陆平, 李桂英, 朱莉. 基于多重表型分析的准确评价高粱抗旱性方法的建立. 作物学报, 2019, 45:1735-1745.
Zhang X X, Pan Y H, Ren F L, Pu W J, Wang D P, Li Y B, Lu P, Li G Y, Zhu L. Establishment of an accurate evaluation method for drought resistance based on multilevel phenotype analysis in sorghum. Acta Agron Sin, 2019, 45:1735-1745 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9] 常博文, 钟鹏, 刘杰, 唐中华, 高亚冰, 于洪久, 郭炜. 低温胁迫和赤霉素对花生种子萌发和幼苗生理响应的影响. 作物学报, 2019, 45:118-130.
Chang B W, Zhong P, Liu J, Tang Z H, Gao Y B, Yu H J, Guo W. Effect of low-temperature stress and gibberellin on seed germination and seedling physiological responses in peanut. Acta Agron Sin, 2019, 45:118-130 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[10] 吕建伟, 马天进, 李正强, 陈锋, 姜慧芳. 花生种质资源出苗期耐低温性鉴定方法及应用. 花生学报, 2014, 43(3):13-18.
Lyu J W, Ma T J, Li Z Q, Chen F, Jiang H F. Identification method of low temperature tolerance on peanut germplasm resources in emergence stage and its application. J Peanut Sci, 2014, 43(3):13-18 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[11] 唐月异, 王传堂, 高华援, 凤桐, 张树伟, 王秀贞, 张建成, 禹山林. 花生种子吸胀期间耐低温性及其与品质性状的相关研究. 核农学报, 2011, 25:436-442.
Tang Y Y, Wang C T, Gao H Y, Feng T, Zhang S W, Wang X Z, Zhang J C, Yu S L. Low Temperature tolerance during seed imbibition and its relationship to main quality traits in peanut. J Nucl Agric Sci, 2011, 25:436-442 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[12] 陈小姝, 刘海龙, 王绍伦, 杨富军, 高华援, 孙晓苹, 李春雨, 吕永超, 朱晓敏, 宁洽, 周玉萍. 花生发芽至苗期耐低温性的鉴定及评价. 东北农业科学, 2019, 44(1):12-17.
Chen X S, Liu H L, Wang S L, Yang F J, Gao H Y, Sun X P, Li C Y, Lyu Y C, Zhu X M, Ning Q, Zhou Y P. Identification and evaluation of cold resistance of peanut during germination and seedling period. J Northeast Agric Sci, 2019, 44(1):12-17 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[13] 潘铜华, 王云龙, 杨俊伟, 习林杰, 丁娟娟, 张静, 邹志荣. 蔬菜幼苗叶面积快速测定方法筛选与优化. 中国蔬菜, 2018, (8):64-69.
Pan T H, Wang Y L, Yang J W, Xi L J, Ding J J, Zhang J, Zou Z R. Screening and optimization of rapid measurement method for leaf area of vegetable seedlings. China Veget, 2018, (8):64-69 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[14] 何学敏, 刘笑, 殷红, 游松财. 1986-2015年中国东北地区主要农业气象灾害变化特征. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2019, 50:392-398.
He X M, Liu X, Yin H, You S C. Characteristics of major agricultural meteorological disasters in northeast China from 1986 to 2015. J Shenyang Agric Univ, 2019, 50:392-398 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[15] Li M, Sui N, Lin L, Yang Z, Zhang Y. Transcriptomic profiling revealed genes involved in response to cold stress in maize. Funct Plant Biol, 2019, 46:830-844.
doi: 10.1071/FP19065
[16] Shen X, Liu B, Xue Z, Jiang M, Lu X, Zhang Q. Spatiotemporal variation in vegetation spring phenology and its response to climate change in freshwater marshes of northeast China. Sci Total Environ, 2019, 666:1169-1177.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.265
[17] 何洋, 刘洋, 方宝华, 何小娥, 杨坚, 滕振宁, 张玉烛. 不同生育期温度逆境处理对早稻产量的影响. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(24):18-24.
He Y, Liu Y, Fang B H, He X E, Yang J, Teng Z N, Zhang Y Z. Effect of temperature on early rice yield at different growth stages. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2016, 32(24):18-24 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[18] 李霞, 戴传超, 程睿, 陈婷, 焦德茂. 不同生育期水稻耐冷性的鉴定及耐冷性差异的生理机制. 作物学报, 2006, 32:76-83.
Li X, Dai C C, Cheng R, Chen T, Jiao D M. Identification for cold tolerance at different growth stages in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and physiological mechanism of differential cold tolerance. Acta Agron Sin, 2006, 32:76-83 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[19] Ding Y, Shi Y, Yang S. Advances and challenges in uncovering cold tolerance regulatory mechanisms in plants. New Phytol, 2019, 222:1690-1704.
doi: 10.1111/nph.2019.222.issue-4
[20] 陈昊, 徐日荣, 陈湘瑜, 张玉梅, 胡润芳, 蓝新隆, 唐兆秀, 林国强. 花生种子萌发吸胀阶段冷害抗性的鉴定及耐冷种质的筛选. 植物遗传资源学报, 2020, 21:192-200.
Chen H, Xu R R, Chen X Y, Zhang Y M, Hu R F, Lan X L, Tang Z X, Lin G Q. Identification of imbibitional chilling injury resistance for peanut and screening of imbibitional chilling-tolerance germplasm. J Plant Genet Resour, 2020, 21:192-200 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[21] 陶群, 张晓军, 王月福, 赵长星, 王铭伦. 低温对花生种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响. 花生学报, 2014, 43(1):24-27.
Tao Q, Zhang X J, Wang Y F, Zhao C X, Wang M L. Effects of low temperature on seed germination and seedling growth of peanut. J Peanut Sci, 2014, 43(1):24-27 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[22] Li Q, Byrns B, Badawi M A, Diallo A B, Danyluk J, Sarhan F, Laudencia-Chingcuanco D, Zou J, Fowler D B. Transcriptomic insights into phenological development and cold tolerance of wheat grown in the field. Plant Physiol, 2018, 176:2376-2394.
doi: 10.1104/pp.17.01311
[23] Körner C. Plant adaptation to cold climates. F1000 Res, 2016, 5(F1000 Faculty Rev):2769.
doi: 10.12688/f1000research
[24] Falster D S, Westoby M. Plant height and evolutionary games. Trends Ecol Evol, 2003, 18:337-343.
doi: 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00061-2
[25] 靳亚楠. 玉米苗期耐冷性评价及禾本科COLD1蛋白功能与进化分析. 沈阳农业大学博士学位论文,辽宁沈阳, 2019.
Jin Y N. Evaluation of Maize (Zea may L.) Cold Tolerance at Seedling Stage, and Functional and Evolutionary Analyses of Crops COLD1 Proteins. PhD Dissertation of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 2019 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[1] YANG Huan, ZHOU Ying, CHEN Ping, DU Qing, ZHENG Ben-Chuan, PU Tian, WEN Jing, YANG Wen-Yu, YONG Tai-Wen. Effects of nutrient uptake and utilization on yield of maize-legume strip intercropping system [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1476-1487.
[2] LI Hai-Fen, WEI Hao, WEN Shi-Jie, LU Qing, LIU Hao, LI Shao-Xiong, HONG Yan-Bin, CHEN Xiao-Ping, LIANG Xuan-Qiang. Cloning and expression analysis of voltage dependent anion channel (AhVDAC) gene in the geotropism response of the peanut gynophores [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1558-1565.
[3] DING Hong, XU Yang, ZHANG Guan-Chu, QIN Fei-Fei, DAI Liang-Xiang, ZHANG Zhi-Meng. Effects of drought at different growth stages and nitrogen application on nitrogen absorption and utilization in peanut [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(3): 695-703.
[4] HUANG Li, CHEN Yu-Ning, LUO Huai-Yong, ZHOU Xiao-Jing, LIU Nian, CHEN Wei-Gang, LEI Yong, LIAO Bo-Shou, JIANG Hui-Fang. Advances of QTL mapping for seed size related traits in peanut [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(2): 280-291.
[5] HU Liang-Liang, WANG Su-Hua, WANG Li-Xia, CHENG Xu-Zhen, CHEN Hong-Lin. Identification of salt tolerance and screening of salt tolerant germplasm of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.) at seedling stage [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(2): 367-379.
[6] WANG Ying, GAO Fang, LIU Zhao-Xin, ZHAO Ji-Hao, LAI Hua-Jiang, PAN Xiao-Yi, BI Chen, LI Xiang-Dong, YANG Dong-Qing. Identification of gene co-expression modules of peanut main stem growth by WGCNA [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(9): 1639-1653.
[7] WANG Jian-Guo, ZHANG Jia-Lei, GUO Feng, TANG Zhao-Hui, YANG Sha, PENG Zhen-Ying, MENG Jing-Jing, CUI Li, LI Xin-Guo, WAN Shu-Bo. Effects of interaction between calcium and nitrogen fertilizers on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, and yield in peanut [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(9): 1666-1679.
[8] SHI Lei, MIAO Li-Juan, HUANG Bing-Yan, GAO Wei, ZHANG Zong-Xin, QI Fei-Yan, LIU Juan, DONG Wen-Zhao, ZHANG Xin-You. Characterization of the promoter and 5'-UTR intron in AhFAD2-1 genes from peanut and their responses to cold stress [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(9): 1703-1711.
[9] GAO Fang, LIU Zhao-Xin, ZHAO Ji-Hao, WANG Ying, PAN Xiao-Yi, LAI Hua-Jiang, LI Xiang-Dong, YANG Dong-Qing. Source-sink characteristics and classification of peanut major cultivars in North China [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(9): 1712-1723.
[10] SONG Li-Jun, NIE Xiao-Yu, HE Lei-Lei, KUAI Jie, YANG Hua, GUO An-Guo, HUANG Jun-Sheng, FU Ting-Dong, WANG Bo, ZHOU Guang-Sheng. Screening and comprehensive evaluation of shade tolerance of forage soybean varieties [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(9): 1741-1752.
[11] XUE Xiao-Meng, WU JIE, WANG Xin, BAI Dong-Mei, HU Mei-Ling, YAN Li-Ying, CHEN Yu-Ning, KANG Yan-Ping, WANG Zhi-Hui, HUAI Dong-Xin, LEI Yong, LIAO Bo-Shou. Effects of cold stress on germination in peanut cultivars with normal and high content of oleic acid [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(9): 1768-1778.
[12] HAO Xi, CUI Ya-Nan, ZHANG Jun, LIU Juan, ZANG Xiu-Wang, GAO Wei, LIU Bing, DONG Wen-Zhao, TANG Feng-Shou. Effects of hydrogen peroxide soaking on germination and physiological metabolism of seeds in peanut [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(9): 1834-1840.
[13] ZHANG Wang, XIAN Jun-Lin, SUN Chao, WANG Chun-Ming, SHI Li, YU Wei-Chang. Preliminary study of genome editing of peanut FAD2 genes by CRISPR/Cas9 [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(8): 1481-1490.
[14] DAI Liang-Xiang, XU Yang, ZHANG Guan-Chu, SHI Xiao-Long, QIN Fei-Fei, DING Hong, ZHANG Zhi-Meng. Response of rhizosphere bacterial community diversity to salt stress in peanut [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(8): 1581-1592.
[15] HUANG Bing-Yan, SUN Zi-Qi, LIU Hua, FANG Yuan-Jin, SHI Lei, MIAO Li-Juan, ZHANG Mao-Ning, ZHANG Zhong-Xin, XU Jing, ZHANG Meng-Yuan, DONG Wen-Zhao, ZHANG Xin-You. Genetic analysis of fat content based on nested populations in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(6): 1100-1108.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Add: No. 80 Xueyuan South Rd, Beijing 100081, P. R. China E-mail: zwxb301@caas.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd