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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9): 1791-1805.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04154

• RESEARCH PAPERS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of exogenous melatonin on morphology, photosynthetic physiology, and yield of spring soybean variety Suinong 26 under drought stress

ZHANG Ming-Cong1(), HE Song-Yu1(), QIN Bin1, WANG Meng-Xue1, JIN Xi-Jun1, REN Chun-Yuan1, WU Yao-Kun2, ZHANG Yu-Xian1,*   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    2Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163316, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2020-07-11 Accepted:2021-01-21 Online:2021-09-12 Published:2021-03-10
  • Contact: ZHANG Yu-Xian E-mail:zhangmingcong@163.com;1274167812@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China “Physiological Basis and Agronomic Management for High-quality and High-yield of Field Cash Crops”(2018YFD1000905);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M591561);Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(C2016042);Applied Technology Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province(GA19B101-02);Key Scientific Research Projects of Heilongjiang Farms and Land Reclamation administration(HKKY190206-01);Doctoral Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University(XYB2014-04)

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Abstract:

It is of great significance to study the mechanism of improving the drought resistance ability of soybean seedlings for the growth of soybean seedlings in Northeast China. This experiment was conducted using ‘Suinong 26’ as the experimental material with four treatments to investigate the physiological indexes and yield of soybean under drought stress, including the normal nutrient solution (CK), the drought stress treatment (D), the drought stress + foliar spraying melatonin treatment (LM), and the drought stress + irrigation melatonin treatment (RM). The results indicated that the gas exchange parameters, the dry matter accumulation of organ at seedling stage, the activities of antioxidant enzyme, and the content of soluble protein were increased under LM and RM compared with D. The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were significantly increased at V2 and V4 stages, and the transpiration rate and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration were significantly increased at V4 stage with P < 0.05; POD and CAT of RM were significantly increased at P < 0.05; the content of soluble protein was significantly increased after drought stress at V2 and V4 stages at P < 0.05. Compared with D, the yield of soybean with LM at V2 and V4 stages was increased by 24.2% and 19.1% at P < 0.05, RM increased by 38.6% and 56.3% at P < 0.05. Compared with LM, the yield of soybean with RM at V2 and V4 stages was increased by 11.6% and 31.3% at P < 0.05. These results revealed that the application of melatonin increased the yield of soybean under drought stress and the yield of soybean with irrigation melatonin treatment was higher than that of foliar spraying melatonin treatment.

Key words: drought stress, melatonin, soybean, growth and development, yield

Table 1

Effects of exogenous melatonin on plant height and leaf area under drought stress in soybean"

指标
Index 		年份
Year 		处理
Treatment 		V2 V4
4 d 8 d 4 d 8 d
株高
Plant height (cm) 		2018 CK 16.76±0.85 a 18.33±0.40 a 21.10±2.55 a 27.63±1.62 a
D 14.87±0.55 b 15.36±0.31 c 17.360±1.05 b 24.03±1.90 b
LM 16.03±0.41 a 16.27±0.41 b 17.80±1.99 ab 25.26±0.64 ab
RM 16.27±0.45 a 16.56±0.61 b 19.20±0.96 ab 25.33±0.76 ab
2019 CK 17.67±0.91 a 18.47±1.17 a 23.87±0.42 ab 30.00±1.87 a
D 15.23±0.75 b 15.77±0.40 a 20.47±0.06 c 25.37±2.41 b
LM 17.30±1.75 ab 17.43±1.12 a 22.90±1.31 b 29.00±0.36 a
RM 16.93±1.08 ab 17.03±2.45 a 24.67±1.04 a 25.77±0.64 b
叶面积
Leaf area (mm2) 		2018 CK 4308.4±166 a 5188.4±123 a 8601.8±157 a 9825.2±173 a
D 2735.5±223 c 3674.9±137 d 5728.9±157 c 6121.5±98 c
LM 3412.1±160 b 4404.0±170 c 5775.9±152 c 6410.2±156 b
RM 3505.1±134 b 4820.9±117 b 6247.5±216 b 6174.6±96 bc
2019 CK 4115.2±284 a 5246.1±111 a 9143.6±282 a 13,317.6±153 a
D 2708.2±131 c 2924.1±137 c 5749.3±143 c 6664.6±216 b
LM 3312.1±183 b 3442.4±150 b 7290.5±190 b 7575.9±203 b
RM 3521.4±124 b 3655.2±152 b 7398.0±224 b 7727.0±154 b

Table 2

Effects of exogenous melatonin on root morphology indicators under drought stress in soybean"

指标
Index 		年份
Year 		处理
Treatment 		V2 V4
4 d 8 d 4 d 8 d
根长
Root length (cm) 		2018 CK 24.16±0.31 a 25.90±0.43 c 45.67±1.72 a 54.73±5.03 b
D 24.86±1.32 a 27.20±0.36 b 46.43±3.09 a 58.30±1.90 ab
LM 25.50±0.60 a 27.80±0.36 ab 46.76±5.81 a 64.33±4.20 a
RM 25.80±1.34 a 28.36±0.41 a 48.30±4.27 a 62.16±1.42 a
2019 CK 23.23±2.10 b 24.43±1.90 a 52.27±7.92 a 58.47±1.22 a
D 25.03±0.95 ab 25.53±1.16 a 63.07±12.0 a 60.83±2.06 a
LM 25.87±2.08 ab 26.80±2.91 a 63.13±1.52 a 68.40±6.09 a
RM 26.73±1.23 a 26.10±1.05 a 62.53±4.77 a 64.63±8.64 a
根体积
Root volume (cm3) 		2018 CK 9.89±0.05 a 10.22±0.09 a 18.63±0.05 c 19.01±0.01 c
D 9.53±0.06 cd 9.89±0.05 bc 18.30±0.02 d 18.79±0.02 d
LM 9.57±0.09 bc 9.92±0.06 b 18.35±0.03 de 18.86±0.06 de
RM 9.57±0.08 bcd 9.95±0.04 b 18.40±0.02 e 18.93±0.02 e
2019 CK 9.67±0.05 b 9.81±0.03 cd 19.79±0.06 a 20.16±0.06 a
D 9.50±0.03 d 9.72±0.06 d 19.66±0.05 b 19.88±0.07 b
LM 9.59±0.08 bcd 9.76±0.05 d 19.68±0.05 b 19.91±0.08 b
RM 9.61±0.04 bc 9.75±0.04 d 19.69±0.09 b 19.95±0.07 b
根表面积
Root surface area (m2) 		2018 CK 0.065±0.02 a 0.074±0.02 a 0.091±0.02 b 0.102±0.03 b
D 0.054±0.01 cd 0.062±0.01 c 0.079±0.01 d 0.092±0.01 d
LM 0.057±0.02 bc 0.068±0.01 b 0.084±0.02 cd 0.095±0.01 cd
RM 0.061±0.02 ab 0.068±0.02 b 0.086±0.02 c 0.097±0.02 cd
2019 CK 0.059±0.02 ab 0.068±0.01 b 0.112±0.03 a 0.122±0.01 a
D 0.043±0.01 e 0.059±0.02 c 0.088±0.01 c 0.099±0.02 bc
LM 0.050±0.01 d 0.062±0.01 c 0.091±0.02 bc 0.105±0.02 b
RM 0.052±0.01 cd 0.062±0.01 c 0.095±0.01 b 0.105±0.03 b

Table 3

Effects of exogenous melatonin on dry matter accumulation under drought stress in soybean"

指标
Index 		年份
Year 		处理
Treatment 		V2 V4
4 d 8 d 4 d 8 d
叶重
Leaf weight
(g) 		2018 CK 1.16±0.05 a 1.33±0.08 a 1.27±0.17 a 1.81±1.62 a
D 0.81±0.03 c 0.98±0.02 b 0.61±0.03 c 0.80±1.90 b
LM 0.99±0.02 b 1.10±0.09 b 0.99±0.05 b 0.81±0.64 b
RM 1.03±0.05 b 1.11±0.08 b 1.07±0.11 b 0.93±0.76 b
2019 CK 1.11±0.21 a 1.09±0.03 a 2.03±0.21 a 2.82±0.31 a
D 0.47±0.08 c 0.82±0.05 c 1.39±0.09 c 1.73±0.24 b
LM 0.61±0.01 bc 0.89±0.01 b 1.64±0.13 bc 2.04±0.61 b
RM 0.72±0.10 b 0.95±0.05 b 1.92±0.21 ab 2.14±0.32 ab
茎重
Stem weight (g) 		2018 CK 1.05±0.06 a 1.23±0.09 a 1.18±0.28 a 1.47±5.03 a
D 0.78±0.01 b 0.87±0.06 c 0.63±0.03 b 0.57±1.9 c
LM 0.81±0.02 b 1.04±0.09 bc 0.60±0.03 b 0.88±4.2 b
RM 0.83±0.01 b 1.09±0.13 ab 0.71±0.04 b 0.94±1.42 b
2019 CK 0.62±0.10 a 1.01±0.24 a 1.49±0.09 a 2.08±0.19 a
D 0.44±0.02 b 0.39±0.06 c 0.91±0.02 b 1.37±0.25 b
LM 0.51±0.01 b 0.53±0.04 bc 1.33±0.09 a 1.53±0.13 b
RM 0.52±0.01 b 0.64±0.07 b 1.43±0.16 a 1.62±0.19 b
根重
Root weight (g) 		2018 CK 1.43±0.03 a 1.68±0.06 a 1.75±0.25 a 2.28±0.24 a
D 1.25±0.05 c 1.34±0.05 c 1.22±0.03 b 1.24±0.05 c
LM 1.32±0.03 b 1.48±0.03 b 1.28±0.07 b 1.61±0.03 b
RM 1.35±0.01 b 1.49±0.02 b 1.56±0.05 a 1.65±0.03 b
2019 CK 1.21±0.19 a 1.31±0.03 a 2.31±0.05 a 3.19±0.40 a
D 0.64±0.14 b 1.03±0.02 b 2.05±0.01 b 2.26±0.23 b
LM 0.81±0.06 b 1.25±0.07 a 2.31±0.03 a 2.86±0.17 a
RM 0.87±0.12 b 1.27±0.08 a 2.29±0.23 a 2.98±0.31 a
总重
Total weight (g) 		2018 CK 3.65±0.11 a 4.25±0.12 a 4.21±0.47 a 5.55±0.81 a
D 2.85±0.01 c 3.20±0.01 c 2.46±0.09 c 2.61±0.15 b
LM 3.12±0.01 b 3.63±0.01 b 2.91±0.73 bc 3.30±0.06 b
RM 3.22±0.06 b 3.69±0.06 b 3.33±0.19 b 3.39±0.11 b
2019 CK 3.34±0.64 a 3.01±0.15 a 5.84±0.17 a 8.10±0.53 a
D 1.49±0.10 c 2.29±0.09 c 4.36±0.11 b 5.36±0.66 c
LM 1.94±0.14 bc 2.67±0.08 b 5.28±0.19 ab 6.44±0.61 bc
RM 2.24±0.77 b 2.75±0.12 b 5.64±0.59 ab 6.75±0.82 b

Fig. 1

Effects of exogenous melatonin on net photosynthetic (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration ( Ci) at V2 stage under drought stress in 2019 in soybean The bar with different lowercase letters indicates significant difference among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. "

Fig. 2

Effects of exogenous melatonin on net photosynthetic (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) at V4 stage under drought stress in soybean in 2019 The bar with different lowercase letters indicates significant difference among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. "

Fig. 3

Effects of exogenous melatonin on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity under drought stress in soybean V2: the second trifoliolate; V4: the fourth trifoliolate. The bar with different lowercase letters indicates significant difference among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given inTable 1. "

Fig. 4

Effects of exogenous melatonin on peroxidase (POD) activity under drought stress in soybean V2: the second trifoliolate; V4: the fourth trifoliolate. The bar with different lowercase letters indicates significant difference among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given inTable 1. "

Fig. 5

Effects of exogenous melatonin on catalase (CAT) activity under drought stress in soybean V2: the second trifoliolate; V4: the fourth trifoliolate. The bar with different lowercase letters indicates significant difference among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. "

Fig. 6

Effects of exogenous melatonin on ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity under drought stress in soybean V2: the second trifoliolate; V4: the fourth trifoliolate. The bar with different lowercase letters indicates significant difference among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. "

Fig. 7

Effects of exogenous melatonin on superoxide anion (O2-) under drought stress in soybean V2: the second trifoliolate; V4: the fourth trifoliolate. The bar with different lowercase letters indicates significant difference among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. "

Fig. 8

Effects of exogenous melatonin on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under drought stress in soybean V2: the second trifoliolate; V4: the fourth trifoliolate. The bar with different lowercase letters indicates significant difference among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given inTable 1. "

Fig. 9

Effects of exogenous melatonin on malondialdehyde (MDA) content under drought stress in soybean V2: the second trifoliolate; V4: the fourth trifoliolate. The bar with different lowercase letters indicates significant difference among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. "

Fig. 10

Effects of exogenous melatonin on soluble protein content under drought stress in soybean V2: the second trifoliolate; V4: the fourth trifoliolate. The bar with different lowercase letters indicates significant difference among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. "

Table 4

Effects of exogenous melatonin on yield and yield composition under drought stress in soybean"

时期
Stage 		处理
Treatment 		节数
Pitch number 		单株荚数
Pods per plant 		单株粒数
Seeds per plant 		百粒重
100-grain weight (g) 		单株产量
Yield per plant (g)
2018 V2 CK 18.5±1.35 a 26.4±6.65 a 70.7±18.38 a 20.31±0.16 a 14.36±3.73 a
D 15.1±1.37 c 18.0±4.26 b 45.6±10.13 b 18.27±0.19 c 8.34±1.85 c
LM 16.0±0.94 bc 18.8±3.93 b 50.6±10.46 b 19.91±0.13 b 10.07±2.08 bc
RM 17.0±1.41 b 21.6±7.72 ab 54.7±20.83 b 20.13±0.02 ab 11.01±2.19 b
V4 CK 17.9±0.87 a 26.8±6.37 a 72.3±21.80 a 19.22±0.06 a 13.90±4.19 a
D 15.2±1.13 c 13.7±3.71 c 35.0±9.97 c 17.47±0.09 d 6.09±1.75 c
LM 16.1±1.19 bc 17.2±3.73 c 44.1±7.05 bc 18.49±0.12 c 8.15±1.30 c
RM 16.3±1.25 b 21.8±5.55 b 56.6±15.90 b 18.97±0.02 b 10.73±3.01 b
2019 V2 CK 18.0±1.41 a 24.2±4.05 a 67.8±12.48 a 20.48±0.04 a 13.78±2.54 a
D 15.8±1.62 b 17.0±3.83 b 45.4±7.59 c 17.68±0.05 d 8.03±1.34 c
LM 16.6±0.96 b 20.6±3.56 ab 54.5±8.21 bc 18.83±0.01 c 10.26±1.54 b
RM 16.5±1.08 b 23.1±4.77 a 59.5±11.42 ab 19.63±0.13 b 11.68±2.24 b
V4 CK 16.7±1.95 a 19.5±4.09 a 55.8±11.50 a 19.98±0.18 a 11.15±2.29 a
D 15.4±0.70 b 11.3±2.71 c 31.3±11.30 c 16.06±0.05 c 5.91±2.14 c
LM 15.8±0.63 ab 11.8±2.94 c 32.1±7.61 c 18.89±0.06 b 6.14±1.45 c
RM 16.2±0.92 ab 15.1±2.96 b 41.2±7.94 b 19.02±0.13 b 8.03±1.55 b
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