玉米-豆科作物带状间套作对养分吸收利用及产量优势的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13017

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the difference of nutrient uptake and utilization to yield advantage between maize-soybean relay intercropping and maize-peanut intercropping, we conducted a field experiment for two consecutive years. The results were obtained by comparing nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) absorption efficiency and utilization in the intercropping with sole cropping. The results showed that land equivalent ratio (LER) of maize-soybean relay intercropping was 1.16-1.72, which had the advantage of intercropping yield, but the LER of maize-peanut intercropping was 0.89-1.13, which had no obvious yield disadvantage. In maize-soybean relay intercropping system, the amount of N, P, and K uptake was higher than that of the corresponding sole cropping by 32.60%-54.22%, 27.35%-34.64, and 17.74%-24.42%, respectively, but the N utilization efficiency was lower by 21.99%-42.07%. The contributions of the N, P, and K uptake efficiencies to LER were 0.34-0.62, 0.31-0.46, and 0.22-0.32, and the utilization efficiencies contributions were -0.11 to -0.35, -0.03 to -0.31, and -0.11 to 0.22, respectively. In maize-peanut intercropping system, the amount of N, P, and K uptake was higher than that of the corresponding sole cropping by -7.86% to 31.58%, 23.09%-46.52%, and 1.60%-55.48%, respectively, and the N utilization efficiency was higher by 7.55-26.60. The contributions of the N, P and K uptake efficiencies to LER were 0-0.22, 0.05-0.27, and -0.11-0.32, respectively, and the utilization efficiencies contributions were -0.25-0.19, -0.32-0.11, and -0.47-0.32, respectively. In conclusion, yield advantage of maize-soybean relay intercropping was mainly from enhanced nutrient uptake efficiency, but there was no obvious yield advantage in maize-peanut intercropping mainly due to relatively less contribution of nutrient uptake to yield advantage.

Key words: maize-soybean relay intercropping, maize-peanut intercropping, nutrient uptake, nutrient conversion efficiency, yield advantage

YANG Huan, ZHOU Ying, CHEN Ping, DU Qing, ZHENG Ben-Chuan, PU Tian, WEN Jing, YANG Wen-Yu, YONG Tai-Wen. Effects of nutrient uptake and utilization on yield of maize-legume strip intercropping system[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1476-1487.

Figures/Tables 7

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Fig. 1

Table 2

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Table 5

Table 6

References 33

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作物 Crop	降雨量 Rainfall (mm)		日照时数 Sunshine hours (h)		积温 Accumulated temperature (℃)
作物 Crop	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
玉米 Maize	435.3	744.8	608.6	396.7	3211.0	2879.1
大豆 Soybean	444.0	962.3	496.7	451.0	3456.0	3689.4
花生 Peanut	426.2	938.5	630.7	549.4	3657.0	3697.5

种植模式 Pattern	施氮处理 Nitrogen application	施氮水平 Nitrogen level	基肥 Base fertilizer	追肥 Top dressing
				拔节期 Jointing stage	大喇叭口期 Booting stage
				玉米单作	不施氮NN	0	0	0	0
Sole maize	常规施氮 CN	240	80	80	80
豆科单作	不施氮 NN	0	0	0	0
Sole legume	常规施氮CN	80	80	0	0
玉米-豆科带状间套作	不施氮 NN	0	0	0	0
Maize-legume strip intercropping	常规施氮CN	160	80	40	40

指标 Index	施氮水平 Fertilizer	种植模式 Pattern	间套作 Intercrops		单作加权平均 Weighted means for sole crops		土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio
指标 Index	施氮水平 Fertilizer	种植模式 Pattern	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
籽粒产量 Grain yields (kg hm^-2)	不施氮 NN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	8936.04 a	9547.23 a	6363.89 b	6031.62 b	1.72	1.43
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	8355.32 a	9240.90 b	7405.88 a	6623.26 a	0.89	1.13
	常规施氮CN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	9851.65 a	10,912.08 a	6689.24 b	7064.82 b	1.56	1.46
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	9437.94 a	10,504.46 b	7420.52 a	8008.82 a	1.02	1.10
生物学产量 Biological yields (kg hm^-2)	不施氮 NN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	18,798.92 a	20,447.06 a	16,182.14 a	14,722.28 a	1.16	1.36
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	14,780.36 b	14,466.76 b	13,085.81 b	10,584.72 b	0.97	1.04
	常规施氮CN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	21,802.33 a	24,043.56 a	17,344.39 a	18,478.95 a	1.25	1.28
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	16,425.94 b	17,761.39 b	13,235.39 b	13,254.94 b	1.06	1.04

养分 Nutrient	施氮水平 Fertilizer	种植模式 Pattern	间套作 Intercrops (kg hm^-2)		单作加权平均 Weighted means for sole crops (kg hm^-2)		间套作养分吸收量的增减 Changes in nutrient uptake of intercrops relative to sole crops (%)
养分 Nutrient	施氮水平 Fertilizer	种植模式 Pattern	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
氮 Nitrogen	不施氮NN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	401.60 a	366.70 a	294.14 a	237.78 a	36.53^**	54.22^**
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	206.60 b	131.47 b	222.50 b	99.92 b	-7.15^**	31.58^**
	常规施氮CN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	471.74 a	424.48 a	355.76 a	304.27 a	32.60^**	39.51^**
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	251.31 b	177.08 b	272.74 b	154.37 b	-7.86^**	14.71^**
磷 Phosphorus	不施氮NN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	73.58 a	44.09 a	54.65 a	33.64 a	34.64^**	31.04^**
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	48.26 b	24.12 b	32.94 b	17.29 b	46.52^**	39.44^**
	常规施氮CN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	86.49 a	50.52 a	67.91 a	37.85 a	27.35^**	33.45^**
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	50.40 b	37.64 b	40.94 b	25.72 b	23.09^**	46.31^**
钾 Potassium	不施氮NN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	398.86 a	259.68 a	324.28 a	220.55a	23.00^**	17.74^**
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	232.20 b	133.85 b	228.54 b	98.41 b	1.60	36.01^**
	常规施氮CN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	479.31 a	310.84 a	385.24 a	261.58 a	24.42^**	18.83^**
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	317.55 b	200.08 b	285.04 b	128.68 b	11.40^**	55.48^**

养分 Nutrient	施氮水平 Fertilizer	种植模式 Pattern	间套作 Intercrops (kg kg^-1)		单作加权平均 Weighted means for sole crops (kg kg^-1)		间套作养分利用效率的增减 Changes in nutrient efficiency by intercrops relative to sole crops
养分 Nutrient	施氮水平 Fertilizer	种植模式 Pattern	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
氮 Nitrogen	不施氮NN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	22.25 b	26.04 b	32.66 b	45.03 b	-31.73^**	-42.07^**
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	40.45 a	70.37 a	37.65 a	63.37 a	7.55	11.01^*
	常规施氮CN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	20.15 b	24.33 b	25.83 b	32.84 b	-21.99^**	-25.92^**
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	37.56 a	59.43 a	29.66 a	49.64 a	26.60^**	19.68^**
磷 Phosphorus	不施氮NN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	121.45 b	216.61 b	132.27 b	254.39 b	-7.88	-14.81^**
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	173.15 a	383.20 a	214.58 a	363.59 a	-19.07^**	5.40^**
	常规施氮CN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	108.52 b	194.34 b	111.56 b	188.38 b	-2.70	3.20
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	187.28 a	279.17 a	171.14 a	304.89 a	9.48^*	-8.35^*
钾 Potassium	不施氮NN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	22.41 b	36.82 b	21.85 b	35.94 b	2.77	2.54
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	35.98 a	69.04 a	30.21 a	72.10 a	19.25^**	-4.21^*
	常规施氮CN	玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping	19.04 b	31.67 b	18.92 b	33.39 b	0.69	-5.14
		玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping	29.72 a	52.52 a	24.48 a	65.15 a	21.43^**	-19.38^**

Effects of nutrient uptake and utilization on yield of maize-legume strip intercropping system

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