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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 1463-1475.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12027

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Different responses of rice cultivars to salt stress and the underlying mechanisms

YAN Jia-Qian1,2(), GU Yi-Biao1,2, XUE Zhang-Yi1,2, ZHOU Tian-Yang1,2, GE Qian-Qian1,2, ZHANG Hao1,2, LIU Li-Jun1,2, WANG Zhi-Qin1,2, GU Jun-Fei1,2,*(), YANG Jian-Chang1,2, ZHOU Zhen-Ling3, XU Da-Yong3   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    3Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-04-15 Accepted:2021-09-09 Online:2022-06-12 Published:2021-10-18
  • Contact: GU Jun-Fei E-mail:952800394@qq.com;gujf@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872853);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0200107);Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(cx183007);Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20181455)

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Abstract:

The objective of this study is to elucidate the responses of physiological traits and yield with different salt stress to salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible rice cultivars. Five salt-tolerant rice cultivars and two salt-susceptible rice cultivars were grown in pots with five different salt concentration levels including 0, 1, 2, 2.5, and 3 g kg-1 of per pot for two years. Results showed that the yields of salt-tolerant cultivars were less reduced than that of salt-susceptible cultivars, and salt-tolerant cultivars was able to tolerate higher salt concentration of 2.5 g kg-1. Salt-tolerant varieties produced higher grain yield mainly due to the greater total spikelets per area and higher filled grain percentage under salt stress. Salt-tolerant rice cultivars also had higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), higher contents of osmotic substances such as fructose, trehalose, and sorbitol, and higher K+/Na+ ratio from mid-tillering to heading. The crop growth rate from tillering to jointing and from heading to maturity, and photosynthetic rate at heading stage were higher in salt-tolerant cultivars than in salt-susceptible cultivars. The above results revealed that the differences in grain yields between salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible rice varieties were mainly due to the performances of physiological traits at mid-tillering, panicle initiation, and heading stages. These growth stages were the key stages that determined the number of panicles, spikelets per panicle, and the percentage of filled grains. The better physiological traits in the salt-tolerant rice varieties during key stages were the basis for higher grain yield. The results of this study could be helpful for the physiological researches and the breeding of salt-tolerant rice.

Key words: rice, salt stress, grain yield, osmotic regulation, photosynthetic rate

Table 1

Salt content and soil conductivity of top 20 cm soil layer pot during the main growth period in 2020"

生育时期
Growth stage		 处理
Treatment		 土壤盐度
Soil salinity (g kg-1)		 电导率
Conductivity (μS cm-1)
分蘖中期 Mid-tillering 0.1% 1.01±0.03 485.66±3.49
0.2% 2.02±0.07 609.33±5.77
0.25% 2.53±0.07 671.99±8.33
穗分化期 Panicle initiation 0.1% 0.99±0.04 482.60±4.47
0.2% 1.98±0.07 604.89±8.40
0.25% 2.52±0.06 670.22±6.80
抽穗期 Heading time 0.1% 0.98±0.03 481.34±3.86
0.2% 1.95±0.04 600.29±4.79
0.25% 2.42±0.07 658.92±8.04

Table 2

Effects of salt stress on yield and yield components of different rice varieties in 2019"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 每盆穗数
No. of
panicles pot-1		 每穗粒数
Spikelets
per panicle		 总颖花数
Total number of spikelets		 结实率
Filled grains (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(g pot-1)		 减产率
Yield reduction rate (%)
连鉴5号
Lianjian 5		 0 22.3 a 168 a 3.73×103 a 82.9 a 23.5 a 72.6 a —
0.1% 21.8 a 153 b 3.32×103 b 80.2 a 23.2 a 61.8 b 14.9 a
0.2% 17.0 b 139 c 2.35×103 c 79.1 a 22.6 b 42.1 c 42.1 b
0.3% — — — — — — —
连鉴6号
Lianjian 6		 0 19.3 a 155 a 2.98×103 a 82.9 a 27.9 a 68.6 a —
0.1% 18.3 ab 136 b 2.47×103 b 80.3 ab 26.7 a 53.1 b 22.6 a
0.2% 16.5 b 121 c 1.99 ×103 c 77.7 b 24.2 b 37.3 c 45.7 b
0.3% — — — — — — —
连鉴7号
Lianjian 7		 0 21.0 a 124 a 2.59×103 a 81.2 a 28.5 a 60.1 a —
0.1% 20.0 a 112 b 2.23×103 b 81.0 a 27.5 a 49.7 b 17.2 a
0.2% 16.3 b 103 c 1.67×103 c 81.0 a 25.9 b 35.1 c 41.5 b
0.3% — — — — — — —
盐稻16Z28
Yandao 16Z28		 0 20.0 a 132 a 2.64×103 a 84.0 a 26.6 a 59.1 a —
0.1% 16.8 b 123 a 2.05×103 b 82.5 a 25.7 b 43.4 b 26.5 a
0.2% 14.8 c 107 b 1.58×103 c 82.5 a 22.9 c 29.7 c 49.7 b
0.3% — — — — — — —
连粳7号
Lianjing 7		 0 23.5 a 154 a 3.62×103 a 79.7 a 25.8 a 74.5 a —
0.1% 20.8 b 134 b 2.78×103 b 66.1 b 25.1 ab 47.3 b 36.5 a
0.2% 15.0 c 122 b 1.83×103 c 56.2 c 24.9 b 25.6 c 65.7 b
0.3% — — — — — — —
武运粳30
Wuyunjing 30		 0 22.8 a 151 a 3.43×103 a 76.3 a 27.3 a 72.4 a —
0.1% 16.5 b 130 b 2.15×103 b 61.9 b 26.5 ab 35.6 b 50.9 a
0.2% 14.0 c 112 c 1.57×103 c 51.0 c 25.5 b 20.5 c 71.7 b
0.3% — — — — — — —

Table 3

Effects of salt stress on yield and yield components of different rice varieties in 2020"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 每盆穗数
No. of
panicles pot-1		 每穗粒数
Spikelets
per panicle		 总颖花数
Total number of spikelets		 结实率
Filled grains (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(g pot-1)		 减产率
Yield reduction rate (%)
连鉴5号
Lianjian 5		 0 21.3 a 170 a 3.63×103 a 70.2 a 24.5 a 62.4 a —
0.1% 20.7 a 142 b 2.94×103 b 69.5 a 24.5 a 49.8 b 20.0 a
0.2% 20.3 a 119 c 2.42×103 c 69.5 a 24.3 a 40.9 c 34.5 b
0.25% 15.3 b 109 d 1.78×103 d 67.7 a 23.2 b 27.9 d 55.3 c
连鉴6号
Lianjian 6		 0 19.3 a 176 a 3.40×103 a 64.7 a 26.1 a 57.2 a —
0.1% 18.7 a 141 b 2.62×103 b 62.9 a 27.2 a 44.8 b 21.7 a
0.2% 15.7 b 133 bc 2.09×103 c 62.8 a 27.2 b 35.7 c 37.7 b
0.25% 14.7 b 128 c 1.87×103 c 62.2 a 25.5 b 29.6 d 48.1 c
品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 每盆穗数
No. of
panicles pot-1		 每穗粒数
Spikelets
per panicle		 总颖花数
Total number of spikelets		 结实率
Filled grains (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(g pot-1)		 减产率
Yield reduction rate (%)
连鉴7号
Lianjian 7		 0 18.3 a 164 a 3.01×103 a 71.0 a 27.4 a 58.6 a —
0.1% 16.7 b 157 a 2.61×103 b 69.4 b 26.8 b 48.7 b 16.7 a
0.2% 15.0 c 130 b 1.95×103 c 69.1 b 26.6 b 36.3 c 37.9 b
0.25% 13.7 c 117 c 1.60×103 d 67.5 c 26.6 b 28.7 d 50.8 c
连鉴9号 0 18.7 a 147 a 2.74×103 a 86.5 a 24.2 a 57.3 a —
Lianjian 9 0.1% 18.3 a 145 a 2.66×103 a 81.6 b 24.1 a 52.4 b 8.5 a
0.2% 16.3 b 127 b 2.07×103 b 75.4 c 22.8 b 35.6 c 37.9 b
0.25% 16.3 b 100 c 1.64×103 c 70.1 d 22.6 b 25.8 d 54.9 c
连粳7号 0 21.0 a 175 a 3.65×103 a 73.8 a 27.3 a 73.6 a —
Lianjing 7 0.1% 17.7 b 164 a 2.90×103 b 60.3 b 27.2 b 47.6 b 35.3 a
0.2% 11.7 c 105 b 1.23×103 c 57.5 b 27.1 b 19.1 c 74.1 b
0.25% — — — — — — —
武运粳30号 0 20.7 a 191 a 3.93×103 a 79.1 a 27.2 a 84.5 a —
Wuyunjing 30 0.1% 15.7 b 143 b 2.23×103 b 54.9 b 27.0 a 33.0 b 60.9 a
0.2% 12.7 c 122 c 1.55×103 c 48.5 c 26.7 b 20.0 c 76.3 b
0.25% — — — — — — —

Table 4

Effects of salt stress on dry matter weight and crop growth rate of different rice varieties at different growth stages in 2019"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 干物质重Biomass (g pot-1) 作物生长速率CGR (g pot-1 d-1)
分蘖中期
Mid-tillering
(T)		 拔节期Jointing
(J)		 抽穗期Heading
(H)		 成熟期Maturity
(M)		 分蘖-拔节
T-J		 拔节-抽穗
J-M		 抽穗-成熟
H-M
连鉴5号
Lianjian 5		 0 15.3 a 60.6 a 100 a 166 a 1.74 a 2.65 a 1.45 a
0.1% 14.7 b 53.1 b 79.6 b 136 b 1.48 b 1.77 b 1.26 b
0.2% 11.3 c 45.4 c 66.9 c 109 c 1.31 c 1.44 c 0.94 c
0.3% 10.9 c 38.0 d 51.1 d — 1.04 d 0.88 d —
连鉴6号
Lianjian 6		 0 22.7 a 71.1 a 103 a 154 a 1.86 a 2.10 a 1.14 a
0.1% 17.8 b 60.1 b 87.9 b 129 b 1.63 b 1.85 b 0.91 b
0.2% 13.9 c 50.7 c 73.2 c 104 c 1.42 c 1.50 c 0.67 c
0.3% 11.9 d 40.2 d 61.0 d — 1.09 d 1.38 d —
连鉴7号
Lianjian 7		 0 23.8 a 73.8 a 114 a 161 a 1.93 a 2.70 a 1.05 a
0.1% 14.8 b 60.4 b 90.0 b 135 b 1.76 b 1.97 b 1.00 b
0.2% 11.6 c 52.4 c 77.8 c 119 c 1.57 c 1.70 c 0.92 c
0.3% 10.8 d 44.3 d 66.7 d — 1.29 d 1.49 d —
盐稻16Z28
Yandao 16Z28		 0 21.6 a 68.9 a 113 a 153 a 1.82 a 2.92 a 0.89 a
0.1% 16.5 b 58.5 b 81.2 b 114 b 1.62 b 1.51 b 0.74 b
0.2% 11.0 c 48.2 c 63.7 c 88.1 c 1.43 c 1.03 c 0.54 c
0.3% 9.4 d 41.5 d 56.1 d — 1.23 d 0.98 d —
连粳7号
Lianjing 7		 0 16.4 a 65.8 a 116 a 179 a 1.90 a 3.33 a 1.41 a
0.1% 12.4 b 24.7 b 73.1 b 98.8 b 0.47 b 3.23 b 0.57 b
0.2% 6.54 c 20.5 c 43.5 c 65.6 c 0.54 c 1.53 c 0.49 c
0.3% 3.64 d 15.4 d — — 0.45 d — —
武运粳30
Wuyunjing 30		 0 13.8 a 57.4 a 115 a 161 a 1.68 a 3.87 a 1.02 a
0.1% 7.11 b 26.6 b 76.7 b 112 b 0.75 b 3.34 b 0.77 b
0.2% 5.27 c 22.6 c 37.4 c 59.0 c 0.67 c 0.99 c 0.48 c
0.3% 3.70 d 13.3 d — — 0.37 d — —

Table 5

Effects of salt stress on dry matter weight and crop growth rate of different rice varieties at different growth stages in 2020"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 干物质重Biomass (g pot-1) 作物生长速率CGR (g pot-1 d-1)
分蘖中期
Mid-tillering
(T)		 拔节期Jointing
(J)		 抽穗期Heading
(H)		 成熟期Maturity
(M)		 分蘖-拔节
T-J		 拔节-抽穗
J-M		 抽穗-成熟
H-M
连鉴5号
Lianjian 5		 0 16.2 a 56.6 a 97.5 a 142 a 1.55 a 2.72 a 0.98 a
0.1% 12.0 a 45.5 b 82.8 b 125 b 1.29 b 2.49 ab 0.94 a
0.2% 11.4 a 39.2 c 72.4 c 105 c 1.07 c 2.22 b 0.73 a
0.25% 6.23 b 30.2 d 50.5 d 82.1 d 0.92 c 1.35 c 0.70 a
连鉴6号
Lianjian 6		 0 18.8 a 59.0 a 98.8 a 138 a 1.55 a 2.66 a 0.87 a
0.1% 14.3 b 47.8 b 85.9 b 123 b 1.29 ab 2.54 a 0.83 a
0.2% 12.0 b 39.6 c 69.0 c 104 c 1.06 b 1.95 b 0.77 ab
0.25% 11.0 b 26.4 d 53.9 d 84.1 d 0.60 c 1.83 b 0.67 a
连鉴7号
Lianjian 7		 0 11.8 a 62.7 a 103 a 151 a 1.96 a 2.70 a 1.06 a
0.1% 10.5 ab 42.4 b 78.8 b 125 b 1.23 b 2.43 a 1.03 ab
0.2% 9.23 b 35.2 c 69.9 b 116 c 1.00 c 2.32 ab 1.01 ab
0.25% 6.07 c 22.6 d 48.9 c 80.8 d 0.63 d 1.76 b 0.71 b
品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 干物质重Biomass (g pot-1) 作物生长速率CGR (g pot-1 d-1)
分蘖中期
Mid-tillering
(T)		 拔节期Jointing
(J)		 抽穗期Heading
(H)		 成熟期Maturity
(M)		 分蘖-拔节
T-J		 拔节-抽穗
J-M		 抽穗-成熟
H-M
连鉴9号
Lianjian 9		 0 13.5 a 64.9 a 104 a 147 a 1.98 a 2.60 a 0.96 a
0.1% 12.3 b 56.1 a 88.5 b 126 b 1.69 a 2.16 a 0.83 b
0.2% 11.1 c 42.9 b 75.2 c 111 c 1.23 b 2.15 a 0.80 b
0.25% 8.60 d 28.9 c 56.8 d 91.5 d 0.78 c 1.86 a 0.77 b
连粳7号
Lianjing 7		 0 16.9 a 63.9 a 122 a 181 a 1.81 a 3.86 a 1.32 a
0.1% 11.8 b 27.6 b 72.8 b 96.4 b 0.61 b 3.01 b 0.53 ab
0.2% 6.72 c 20.7 b 36.4 c 57.8 c 0.54 b 1.04 c 0.47 b
0.25% 3.81 d 11.6 c — — 0.30 b — —
武运粳30
Wuyunjing 30		 0 14.5 a 54.3 a 117 a 161 a 1.53 a 4.19 a 0.96 a
0.1% 7.36 b 29.9 b 74.5 b 113 b 0.87 b 2.97 a 0.86 ab
0.2% 5.16 c 21.1 b 34.8 c 53.5 c 0.61 bc 0.91 b 0.42 b
0.25% 3.31 c 11.3 c — — 0.31 c — —

Fig. 1

Effects of salt stress on activities of superoxide dismutase SOD (A, B, C), peroxidase POD (D, E, F), and catalase CAT (G, H, I) in rice leaves at main growth stages Different lowercase letters indicate the same treatment between different varieties at P = 0.05. J5: Lianjian 5; J6: Lianjian 6; J7: Lianjian 7; J9: Lianjian 9; L7: Lianjing 7; W30: Wuyunjing 30; MT: middle tillering stage; PI: panicle initiation stage; HD: heading stage."

Fig. 2

Effects of salt stress on the contents of fructose (A, B, C), trehalose (D, E, F), sorbitol (G, H, I), and proline (J, K, L) in rice leaves at main growth stages Different lowercase letters indicate the same treatment between different varieties at P = 0.05. J5: Lianjian 5; J6: Lianjian 6; J7: Lianjian 7; J9: Lianjian 9; L7: Lianjing 7; W30: Wuyunjing 30; MT: middle tillering stage; PI: panicle initiation stage; HD: heading stage."

Fig. 3

Effects of salt stress on K+ content (A, B, C), Na+ content (D, E, F), and K+/Na+ ratio (G, H, I) in rice leaves during main growth periods Different lowercase letters indicate the same treatment between different varieties at P = 0.05. J5: Lianjian 5; J6: Lianjian 6; J7: Lianjian 7; J9: Lianjian 9; L7: Lianjing 7; W30: Wuyunjing 30; MT: middle tillering stage; PI: panicle initiation stage; HD: heading stage."

Fig. 4

Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (B), transpiration rate (C), and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (D) of rice leaf at heading stage Different lowercase letters indicate the same treatment between different varieties at P = 0.05. J5: Lianjian 5; J6: Lianjian 6; J7: Lianjian 7; J9: Lianjian 9; L7: Lianjing 7; W30: Wuyunjing 30."

Table 6

Correlation analysis of osmotic regulatory substances contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, K+, Na+ contents, yields and their components under salt stress"

生理指标
Physiological index		 产量
Yield		 结实率
Filled grains		 总颖花量
Total number of spikelets
超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性SOD activity 0.917* 0.918** 0.681
过氧化物酶(POD)活性POD activity 0.869* 0.862* 0.651
过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性CAT activity 0.891* 0.843* 0.651
果糖含量Fructose content 0.786* 0.927* 0.563
海藻糖含量Trehalose content 0.822* 0.827* 0.473
山梨醇含量Sorbitol content 0.991** 0.925* 0.806
脯氨酸含量Proline content 0.863* 0.930* 0.485
K+含量K+ content 0.690 0.707 0.645
Na+含量Na+ content -0.826* -0.807 -0.597
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