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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 1488-1501.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14087

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Screening of rapeseed germplasms with low nitrogen tolerance and the evaluation of its potential application as green manure

QIN Lu1**(), HAN Pei-Pei2**(), CHANG Hai-Bin3, GU Chi-Ming1, HUANG Wei3, LI Yin-Shui1, LIAO Xiang-Sheng1, XIE Li-Hua1, LIAO Xing1,*()   

  1. 1Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
    2Institute of Agriculture Science in Jiangsu Coastal Area, Yancheng 224002, Jiangsu, China
    3Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang 438000, Hubei, China
  • Received:2021-05-14 Accepted:2021-10-19 Online:2022-06-12 Published:2021-11-18
  • Contact: LIAO Xing E-mail:qinlu-123@126.com;hanpeipei123@126.com;liaox@oilcrops.cn
  • About author:First author contact:

    ** Contributed equally to this work

  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-22);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2013-OCRI)

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Abstract:

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the major edible oil crop in China, and it is also a kind of crop for land use and maintenance, crop rotation, and fallow. With the promotion of green development in agriculture, rapeseed is highlighted with its high quality as green manure due to the characteristics of great biomass and adaptability. For the different industrial objectives of rapeseed cultivation, the nutrient demand characteristics of the existing rapeseed varieties determine the high recommended fertilization levels, whereas it cannot meet the needs of green manure with low fertilizer input. Therefore, the evaluation and screening of rapeseed germplasms with low nitrogen (N) tolerance can provide material support for breeding rapeseed cultivars as green manure. In this study, 73 rapeseed germplasms were planted at two N levels (low N and normal N) in the field experiment, the potential application as green manure of different rapeseed germplasms were evaluated by fresh weight, nutrient accumulation, and tolerance index at full flowering stage. Results showed that the change of fresh weight per plant for 73 rapeseed germplasms under low N conditions ranged from 29.33 g to 199.33 g, and the variation coefficient was 30.0%. Meanwhile, under low N stress, the change of N accumulation in shoot and root of 73 rapeseed germplasms were ranged from 48.67-360.43 mg and 4.21-67.46 mg per plant, and the variation coefficient were 31.0% and 53.0%, respectively. This mean that there were certain genetic variations biomass and nutrient absorption and accumulation ability among different rapeseed germplasms. Therefore, it was feasible to select the rapeseed germplasm with superior advantages as green manure. According to the comprehensive analysis of N efficiency and tolerance index of different rapeseed germplasms at full-bloom stage, 25 of 73 rapeseed germplasms had relatively strong tolerance to low N, while 17 germplasms had relatively poor tolerance to low N, belonging to low N sensitive type. Further analysis revealed that the fresh weight per plant, N accumulation, and N uptake efficiency of low N tolerance germplasms were significantly greater than those of low N sensitive germplasms under two N treatments, it could be used as potential green manure for further application. According to the calculation, the maximum amount of N returned to the field in the low N tolerance rapeseed germplasm was 80.2 kg hm-2. Above all, the selected germplasms with great low N tolerance could be used as potential green manure rapeseed resources to be reserved and applied. In actual production, to better realize the industrial application goal of “the few fertilizers convert into the more green manure”, the application of low N tolerant rapeseed as green fertilizer can reduce the input of chemical fertilizer.

Key words: rapeseed, low nitrogen tolerance, germplasms screening, green manure, fresh weight, nitrogen accumulation amount

Table 1

Tested rapeseed germplasms and their numbers"

编号
Number		 种质
Germplasm		 编号
Number		 种质
Germplasm		 编号
Number		 种质
Germplasm
N01 镇2736 Zhen 2736 N26 1L086 N51 1L094
N02 浙双3号Zheshuang 3 N27 1L097 N52 1L096
N03 泸州5号Luzhou 5 N28 1L138 N53 1L116
N04 宜油3号Yiyou 3 N29 1L150 N54 1L465
N05 云油7号Yunyou 7 N30 1L157 N55 4D628
N06 4D333 N31 1L198 N56 L228
N07 4D359 N32 1L203 N57 Altex
N08 4D386 N33 1L247 N58 甘油4号Ganyou 4
N09 漕油2号Caoyou 2 N34 1L285 N59 云油7号Yunyou 7
N10 浙优油1号Zheyouyou 1 N35 1L287 N60 H47
N11 甘油5号Ganyou 5 N36 1L453 N61 H41
N12 岳阳84-8 Yueyang 84-8 N37 4092 N62 320
N13 408-8 N38 50-SWU100 N63 862
N14 恩油2号Enyou 2 N39 1L053 N64 绵杂94-13 Mianza 94-13
N15 凯油1号Kaiyou 1 N40 L228 N65 宠马 Chongma
N16 绵杂94-13 Mianza 94-13 N41 马努 Manu N66 沪油19 Huyou 19
N17 182-甲920 182-Jia 920 N42 Sedo-10 N67 阳光2008 Yangguang 2008
N18 186-甲预31棚186-Jiayu 31 peng N43 P17 N68 1L021
N19 294-12-P25 N44 GSB604 N69 1L023
N20 51-SWU102 N45 圣光77 Shengguang 77 N70 1L098
N21 52-SWU103 N46 68232 N71 1L159
N22 57-SWU111 N47 124-2012-8998 N72 1L451
N23 132-WH-29 N48 129-2012-9542 N73 1L459
N24 201-Y34 N49 165-WH-31
N25 1L050 N50 1L076

Table 2

Changes of indicators in rapeseed germplasms under different nitrogen levels at full-bloom stage"

参数
Parameter		 低氮 Low nitrogen 正常氮 Normal nitrogen
变幅
Range		 平均值
Average		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 变幅
Range		 平均值
Average		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)
单株鲜重FB (g) 29.33-199.33 114.61 bB 34.86 30.41 91.33-378.67 212.85 aA 55.61 26.13
单株干重PB (g) 5.13-32.80 17.87 bB 5.61 31.41 11.23-46.60 27.40 aA 7.47 27.25
单株地下部干重RB (g) 0.83-6.40 3.24 bA 1.15 35.59 1.60-11.98 4.27 aA 1.59 37.39
单株地上部干重SB (g) 4.30-27.81 14.03 bB 4.66 33.19 9.57-37.87 23.43 aA 5.81 24.80
根冠比RSR 0.15-0.47 0.24 aA 0.06 23.36 0.11-0.71 0.18 bA 0.07 39.05
地下部氮含量RNC (%) 0.28-2.02 0.49 bA 0.22 44.79 0.40-1.25 0.64 aA 0.17 26.45
地上部氮含量SNC (%) 0.90-2.81 1.39 bA 0.31 22.53 1.07-2.62 1.75 aA 0.32 18.21
单株地下部氮累积量RNA (mg) 4.21-67.46 15.65 bB 8.29 52.99 11.48-61.70 24.73 aA 9.23 37.34
单株地上部氮累积量SNA (mg) 48.67-360.43 193.62 bB 60.88 31.44 143.66-697.85 402.24 aA 115.89 28.81
单株氮累积量NA (mg) 52.88-427.88 207.30 bB 65.68 31.68 162.60-722.82 432.14 aA 124.94 28.91
氮利用效率NUE (mg mg-1) 41.77-128.26 87.00 aA 18.96 21.79 41.97-104.96 66.33 bA 13.38 20.16
氮吸收效率NAE (mg mg-1) 0.01-0.12 0.06 bB 0.02 31.68 0.11-0.48 0.29 aA 0.91 28.91

Fig. 1

Correlation analysis of indicators value under different nitrogen levels of rapeseed germplasm at full-bloom stage * and ** indicate significant correlation at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. FB: fresh biomass (g); PB: whole plant biomass (g); RB: root biomass (g); SB: shoot biomass (g); RSR: root-shoot ratio; RNC: root N content (%); SNC: shoot N content (%); RNA: root N accumulation(mg); SNA: shoot N accumulation (mg); NA: whole plant N accumulation (mg); NUE: N use efficiency (mg mg-1); NAE: N uptake efficiency (mg mg-1)."

Table 3

Coefficient and contribution rate of comprehensive index under different nitrogen levels of rapeseed at full-bloom stage"

参数
Parameter		 低氮 Low nitrogen 正常氮 Normal nitrogen
主成分1
PC 1		 主成分2
PC 2		 主成分3
PC 3		 主成分1
PC 1		 主成分2
PC 2		 主成分3
PC 3		 主成分4
PC 4
单株鲜重FB 0.849 -0.411 0.030 0.833 0.260 -0.248 0.161
单株干重PB 0.886 -0.387 0.000 0.786 0.443 0.196 -0.072
单株地下部干重RB 0.828 -0.316 0.384 0.696 0.336 0.600 -0.164
单株地上部干重SB 0.891 -0.381 -0.154 0.859 0.355 -0.310 0.022
根冠比RSR -0.006 0.138 0.957 0.169 0.129 0.931 -0.264
地下部氮含量RNC 0.178 0.764 0.037 -0.383 -0.248 0.367 0.737
地上部氮含量SNC 0.028 0.903 0.030 0.346 -0.841 0.230 -0.146
单株地下部氮累积量RNA 0.652 0.483 0.231 0.581 0.188 0.302 0.611
单株地上部氮累积量SNA 0.890 0.315 -0.177 0.931 -0.264 -0.118 -0.031
单株氮累积量NA 0.916 0.339 -0.119 0.932 -0.276 -0.169 0.042
氮利用效率NUE 0.102 -0.890 0.100 -0.322 0.873 -0.147 0.037
氮吸收效率NAE 0.915 0.345 -0.111 0.934 -0.273 -0.162 0.045
特征值Eigenvalue 5.923 3.339 1.211 5.878 2.305 1.793 1.072
方差贡献率VCR (%) 49.357 27.839 10.090 48.985 19.211 14.943 8.932
累计贡献率CP (%) 49.357 77.196 87.286 48.985 68.195 83.138 92.071

Table 4

Nitrogen efficiency comprehensive value and tolerance index under different nitrogen levels of rapeseed at full-bloom stage"

编号
Number		 氮效率综合值
N efficiency comprehensive value		 耐性指数Tolerance index 编号
Number		 氮效率综合值
N efficiency comprehensive value		 耐性指数Tolerance
index
LN NN LN NN
N01 0.53 0.25 0.54 N38 0.32 0.28 0.42
N02 0.42 0.12 0.47 N39 0.35 0.30 0.81
N03 0.46 0.25 0.45 N40 0.35 0.18 0.59
N04 0.56 0.23 0.63 N41 0.38 0.15 0.39
N05 0.50 0.26 0.92 N42 0.49 0.09 0.44
N06 0.70 0.37 1.33 N43 0.40 0.15 0.50
N07 0.46 0.22 0.73 N44 0.38 0.18 0.22
N08 0.55 0.26 0.71 N45 0.59 0.16 0.46
N09 0.54 0.25 0.95 N46 0.40 0.17 0.54
N10 0.33 0.29 0.63 N47 0.42 0.11 0.46
N11 0.61 0.22 0.65 N48 0.41 0.16 0.62
N12 0.33 0.13 0.32 N49 0.39 0.12 0.57
N13 0.32 0.21 0.54 N50 0.49 0.12 0.62
N14 0.56 0.17 0.77 N51 0.48 0.10 0.46
N15 0.47 0.33 0.71 N52 0.53 0.25 0.62
N16 0.32 0.27 0.81 N53 0.57 0.25 0.98
N17 0.62 0.21 0.66 N54 0.47 0.11 0.82
N18 0.45 0.21 0.78 N55 0.64 0.21 0.76
N19 0.54 0.23 1.06 N56 0.42 0.17 0.60
N20 0.35 0.16 0.50 N57 0.50 0.28 1.10
N21 0.32 0.13 0.42 N58 0.39 0.09 0.31
N22 0.36 0.22 0.51 N59 0.24 0.08 0.21
N23 0.38 0.19 0.68 N60 0.31 0.00 0.18
N24 0.32 0.24 0.72 N61 0.32 0.14 0.45
N25 0.46 0.17 0.48 N62 0.82 0.16 0.47
N26 0.56 0.32 0.70 N63 0.25 0.09 0.43
N27 0.35 0.21 0.60 N64 0.53 0.20 0.39
N28 0.34 0.32 0.53 N65 0.19 0.12 0.25
N29 0.40 0.26 0.47 N66 0.55 0.24 0.64
N30 0.50 0.21 0.60 N67 0.18 0.39 0.60
N31 0.29 0.20 0.39 N68 0.16 0.09 0.17
N32 0.36 0.25 0.43 N69 0.22 0.19 0.25
N33 0.34 0.20 0.47 N70 0.13 0.14 0.15
N34 0.35 0.28 0.58 N71 0.12 0.06 0.13
N35 0.31 0.21 0.46 N72 0.24 0.08 0.17
N36 0.30 0.29 0.44 N73 0.06 0.05 0.07
N37 0.45 0.36 0.74 平均值Average 0.41 0.20 0.55

Fig. 2

Scatter map of nitrogen efficiency comprehensive value under different nitrogen levels of rapeseed at full-bloom stage Germplasms of the I class includes: N10, N13, N16, N22, N24, N27, N28, N29, N31, N32, N33, N34, N35, N36, N38, N39, N67. Germplasms of the II class includes: N01, N03, N04, N05, N06, N07, N08, N09, N11, N15, N17, N18, N19, N26, N30, N37, N52, N53, N55, N56, N57, N64, N66. Germplasms of the III class includes: N14, N25, N42, N43, N45, N46, N47, N48, N49, N50, N51, N54, N62. Germplasms of the Ⅳ class includes: N02, N12, N20, N21, N23, N40, N41, N44, N58, N59, N60, N61, N63, N65, N68, N69, N70, N71, N72, N73. LN: low nitrogen; NN: normal nitrogen."

Fig. 3

Clustering dendrogram of tolerance index of rapeseed at full-bloom stage Germplasms with the strongest tolerance to low nitrogen: N05, N06, N09, N19, N53, N57. Germplasms with the stronger tolerance to low nitrogen: N04, N07, N08, N10, N11, N14, N15, N16, N17, N18, N23, N24, N26, N27, N30, N34, N37, N39, N40, N48, N49, N50, N52, N54, N55, N56, N66, N67. Germplasms with the poor tolerance to low nitrogen: N01, N02, N03, N13, N20, N21, N22, N25, N28, N29, N31, N32, N33, N35, N36, N38, N41, N42, N43, N45, N46, N47, N51, N61, N62, N63, N64. Germplasms with the worst tolerance to low nitrogen: N12, N44, N58, N59, N60, N65, N68, N69, N70, N71, N72, N73."

Fig. 4

Comparison of nitrogen efficiency of rapeseed germplasms with different low nitrogen tolerance LN: low nitrogen; NN: normal nitrogen."

Table 5

Fresh biomass and NPK amounts returning to field of rapeseed germplasms with higher low nitrogen tolerance under different nitrogen levels"

编号
Number		 低氮 Low nitrogen 正常氮 Normal nitrogen
鲜草产量
Fresh biomass
(t hm-2)		 氮还田量
N amount of returning field
(kg hm-2)		 磷还田量
P amount of returning field
(kg hm-2)		 钾还田量
K amount of returning field
(kg hm-2)		 鲜草产量
Fresh biomass
(t hm-2)		 氮还田量
N amount of returning field
(kg hm-2)		 磷还田量
P amount of returning field
(kg hm-2)		 钾还田量
K amount of returning field
(kg hm-2)
N04 23.59 80.20 12.90 99.73 53.38 115.23 27.35 212.69
N05 32.13 68.88 16.72 101.72 53.65 133.74 28.73 204.02
N06 41.20 75.95 19.33 127.61 65.40 121.92 26.04 251.65
N07 30.55 49.93 15.31 128.62 51.13 122.00 26.80 175.94
N08 32.33 73.09 17.68 122.41 50.23 112.59 23.10 182.21
N09 33.60 59.65 16.64 102.75 56.23 107.02 16.99 179.72
N11 30.60 70.21 12.32 108.21 48.90 109.48 23.91 163.10
N14 35.51 61.92 16.51 113.76 49.50 147.98 32.20 188.30
N15 27.53 41.18 16.09 99.64 59.29 138.52 27.95 227.01
N17 30.60 33.91 9.85 83.14 61.05 95.74 17.95 191.18
N18 31.68 49.65 13.75 94.12 56.20 93.96 28.37 256.66
N19 36.45 56.60 19.59 163.96 50.73 95.56 18.50 231.58
N26 26.75 63.63 12.57 83.93 62.10 118.03 21.95 197.50
N30 28.10 57.80 12.39 78.23 57.33 108.64 18.36 202.12
N37 22.48 51.73 11.09 65.95 50.90 134.00 25.60 252.08
N48 25.35 44.57 13.98 117.08 32.08 85.84 17.64 145.97
N49 30.65 40.96 14.55 123.68 40.43 76.79 21.13 194.22
N50 33.55 52.54 16.91 122.81 42.48 86.82 17.17 142.96
N52 32.85 62.59 14.02 96.44 39.90 132.49 19.27 196.75
N53 36.35 59.92 19.04 130.05 39.15 80.41 18.82 168.39
N54 25.53 50.41 12.89 112.25 49.25 114.33 21.83 255.93
N55 44.85 62.82 18.70 126.46 50.13 95.35 18.23 190.19
N56 35.10 47.80 10.68 95.86 45.43 86.14 14.92 210.12
N57 38.33 51.82 13.61 144.14 45.75 121.75 32.13 348.49
N66 29.40 64.67 13.51 105.86 46.73 110.00 18.11 176.50
变幅Range 22.48-44.85 33.91-80.20 9.85-19.59 65.95-163.96 32.08-65.40 76.79-147.98 14.92-32.20 142.96-348.49
均值Average 31.80 57.30 14.83 109.99 50.29 109.77 22.52 205.81
标准差 SD 5.32 11.51 2.79 21.72 7.88 19.37 5.06 43.63
变异系数CV (%) 16.74 20.09 18.79 19.76 15.66 17.65 22.46 21.20
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