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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 2945-2952.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13077

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Effects of cadmium stress on root growth of maize (Zea mays L.) varieties with different cadmium-tolerant at seedling stage

QU Meng-Xue(), SONG Jie, SUN Jing, HU Dan-Dan, WANG Hong-Zhang, REN Hao, ZHAO Bin, ZHANG Ji-Wang, REN Bai-Zhao, LIU Peng*()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-12-23 Accepted:2022-03-28 Online:2022-11-12 Published:2022-04-20
  • Contact: LIU Peng E-mail:1053149706@qq.com;liup@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    The Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Project(LJNY202103);The Shandong Agriculture Research System(SDAIT-02-08)

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Abstract:

Cadmium pollution in soil is a serious threat to crop production, and it is of great significance for the breeding of new cadmium-tolerant maize varieties. To study the effects on the growth and development of maize roots at seeding stage, the maize varieties with different cadmium tolerance performance were selected as experimental materials. Using cadmium-tolerant variety Xinrui 57 (XR57) and cadmium-sensitive variety Liyuan 296 (LY296) as experimental materials, the differences of root morphology, root respiration, and physiological characteristics between two varieties were investigated by hydroponic culture with different cadmium concentrations (0 mg L-1 and 10 mg L-1). The results indicated that the root of the two types of maize varieties accumulated excessive cadmium, which seriously affected the root growth. The cadmium accumulation in the root of LY296 reached 1219.77 μg plant-1, which was 16.17% higher than that of XR57, indicating the root indexes significantly lower than control. The total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, root dry weight, and lateral root density of nodal root in cadmium stress were decreased by 43.92%, 40.84%, 39.34%, 33.33%, and 62.54%, respectively. After cadmium stress, the variations of cytoprotective enzymes of the two varieties were different. The activities of SOD decreased significantly, XR57 and LY296 decreased by 43.05% and 57.54%, respectively, while the activities of POD and CAT in XR57 both increased significantly, which were 1.26 and 1.58 times higher than control, respectively. The activities of POD and CAT in LY296 had a downward trend, resulting in a significant increase in H2O2 content and aggravating oxidative stress. The contents of soluble protein and proline were increased significantly in XR57 roots after cadmium treatment, but LY296 had no significant change. The root respiration rate of both varieties were inhibited by cadmium stress, and the suppression was more pronounced in XR57, which was conducive to reducing the decrease of root biomass. XR57 also further enhanced the antioxidant capacity by increasing the proportion of alternative oxidase respiratory pathway. In conclusion, the cadmium accumulation of root significantly inhibited the growth of maize root at seedling stage, but low cadmium accumulation of the cadmium-tolerant maize variety can regulate the change of root physiological characteristics and the change of root respiration chain transfer pathway to alleviate cadmium poisoning, and it can also breathe through lower consumption by metabolic cost, maintain plant growth and development, while the cadmium-sensitive maize variety had no these advantages.

Key words: cadmium stress, maize, root morphology, antioxidant enzymes, root respiration

Table 1

Cadmium amount of maize varieties with different cadmium tolerance after cadmium stress"

处理
Treatment		 镉积累量 Cd amount (μg plant-1)
根系 Root 地上部 Shoot 植株 Plant
鑫瑞57 XR57 1049.96±16.39 b 570.82±17.27 b 1626.18±9.04 b
立原296 LY296 1219.77±19.91 a 634.29±11.37 a 1854.06±12.51 a

Table 2

Effects of cadmium stress on root morphology of maize varieties with different cadmium tolerance"

处理
Treatment		 根系干重
Root dry weight
(g plant-1)		 总根长
Total root length
(cm plant-1)		 总根表面积
Total root surface area
(cm2 plant-1)		 总根体积
Total root volume
(cm3 plant-1)
鑫瑞57-CK XR57-CK 0.63±0.041 a 4326.06±247.62 a 464.21±28.49 a 4.79±0.25 a
鑫瑞57-Cd XR57-Cd 0.55±0.036 b 2667.61±148.07 b 324.89±13.55 b 3.74±0.20 b
立原296-CK LY296-CK 0.75±0.017 a 5335.16±294.61 a 549.92±40.06 a 5.49±0.34 a
立原296-Cd LY296-Cd 0.50±0.026 b 2992.03±186.44 b 325.36±28.87 b 3.33±0.19 b

Fig. 1

Effects of cadmium stress on lateral root density of maize varieties with different cadmium tolerances Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. The error line represents the standard deviation. The bars followed by different lowercase letters represent the significant difference among the treatments in the same variety at P < 0.05. XR57: Xinrui 57; LY296: Liyuan 296."

Fig. 2

Variation of physiological indexes on roots of maize varieties with different cadmium tolerance under cadmium stress Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. The error line represents the standard deviation. The bars followed by different lowercase letters represent the significant difference among treatments in the same variety at P < 0.05. XR57: Xinrui 57; LY29: Liyuan 296."

Fig. 3

Effects of cadmium stress on root respiration rate and AOX pathway proportion of maize varieties with different cadmium tolerances Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. The error line represents the standard deviation. The bars followed by different lowercase letters represent the significant difference among the treatments in the same variety at P < 0.05. XR57: Xinrui 57; LY29: Liyuan 296."

Fig. 4

Effects of cadmium stress on dry matter accumulation and root-shoot ratio of maize varieties with different cadmium tolerances Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. The error line represents the standard deviation. The bars followed by different lowercase letters represent the significant difference among the treatments in the same variety at P < 0.05. XR57: Xinrui 57; LY29: Liyuan 296."

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