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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 2953-2964.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11107

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles    

Relationship between yield differences of different genotypes of oats and leaf physiological characteristics

LIU Yan-Di1(), ZHAO Bao-Ping1,*(), ZHANG Yu1, MI Jun-Zhen1, WU Jun-Ying2, LIU Jing-Hui1   

  1. 1School of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
    2Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou 014000, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2021-11-30 Accepted:2022-02-25 Online:2022-11-12 Published:2022-03-24
  • Contact: ZHAO Bao-Ping E-mail:1776242393@qq.com;zhaobaoping82@163.com
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960378);The China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-07);The International Cooperation Key Special Project of National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFE0107900)

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Abstract:

To understand the effects of leaf physiological characteristics on yield during flowering process in oats, this experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021, using nine varieties with different sources, maturity, ear type, plant type, and number of spikelets as experimental materials, and variance analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and other methods are used to analyze the relationship between the yield differences of different genotypes of oats and the physiological characteristics of leaves. The results showed that there were significant differences in the physiological characteristics of different varieties. The grain yield of high-yield varieties and lower-product varieties was significantly higher by 73.61% to 4.78%. The contents of GA3, ZR, IAA, SPS, SS activities, net photosynthetic rate, the overall level of leaf sucrose content, dry matter accumulation, and ear sucrose assimilation efficiency was better than those of low-yield varieties. Among them, the lower GA3 content, SPS activity, and net photosynthetic rate product varieties were significantly higher by 49.17% to 13.70%, 33.29% to 4.43%, and 87.88% to 5.72%. The results showed that the number of spikelets, the number of grains per spike, the content of gibberellin in leaves, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, and the net photosynthetic rate had the most significant effects on high-yielding varieties. These results indicated that increasing the number of bearing spikelets and the number of grains per ear can be used as a breakthrough to increase yield, appropriately opening the “source” and delaying leaf senescence to ensure the activity of enzymes and hormones, which had a positive impact on yield in oat.

Key words: oats, yield, physiological characteristics, heading date, principal component analysis

Table 1

Main characteristics of nine different genotypes in oats"

品种
Variety		 皮裸性
Hulled or naked		 株型
Plant type		 穗型
Spike type		 小穗数
Number of spikelets		 熟期
Maturity stage		 来源
Source
坝莜1号
Ba1		 裸
Naked		 紧凑
Compact		 周散
Scattered around		 21, 中
21, middle		 中熟
Middle maturity		 河北
Hebei
坝莜9号
Ba9		 裸
Naked		 紧凑
Compact		 周散
Scattered around		 30, 多
30, many		 中熟
Middle maturity		 河北
Hebei
坝莜18号
Ba18		 裸
Naked		 紧凑
Compact		 周散
Scattered around		 39, 多
39, many		 晚熟
Late maturity		 河北
Hebei
草莜1号
Cao1		 裸
Naked		 紧凑高秆
Compact high pole		 周散
Scattered around		 21, 中
21, middle		 早熟
Early maturity		 内蒙古
Inner Mongolia
白燕2号
Bai2		 裸
Naked		 紧凑
Compact		 侧散
Side scattered		 11, 少
11, few		 早熟
Early maturity		 吉林
Jilin
白燕5号
Bai5		 裸
Naked		 紧凑矮秆
Compact low bar		 侧散
Side scattered		 12, 少
12, few		 早熟
Early maturity		 吉林
Jilin
华北2号
Hua2		 裸
Naked		 紧凑
Compact		 周散
Scattered around		 20, 中
20, middle		 中熟
Middle maturity		 河北
Hebei
定莜8号
Ding8		 裸
Naked		 紧凑高秆
Compact high pole		 周散
Scattered around		 24, 中
24, middle		 晚熟
Late maturity		 甘肃定西
Dingxi, Gansu
蒙燕1号
Meng1		 皮
Hulled		 紧凑
Compact		 周散
Scattered around		 27, 中
27, middle		 中熟
Middle maturity		 内蒙古
Inner Mongolia

Table 2

Growth period and basic seedling number of each variety"

年份
Year		 基因型
Genotype		 生育时期Childbearing period (month/day) 全生育期
Whole growth
stage (d)		 基本苗数
Basic seedling
(×104 hm-2)
分蘖期
Tillering stage		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 抽穗期Heading stage 灌浆期
Grouting stage		 成熟期
Maturity
2020 Ba1 5/27 6/4 6/27 7/12 7/30 92 400.20 ab
Ba9 5/27 6/4 6/27 7/12 7/31 93 430.22 a
Ba18 5/29 6/7 6/30 7/16 8/10 103 370.19 bcd
Cao1 5/27 6/5 6/27 7/12 8/3 96 330.17 e
Bai2 5/27 6/3 6/24 7/10 7/26 88 320.16 f
Bai5 5/27 6/4 6/24 7/11 7/28 90 350.18 cde
Hua2 5/27 6/4 6/26 7/12 7/31 93 420.21 a
Ding8 5/27 6/4 6/26 7/11 7/30 92 340.17 de
Meng1 5/27 6/4 6/27 7/13 7/31 93 380.19 bc
2021 Ba1 5/17 6/3 6/17 6/25 7/13 95 405.54 ab
Ba9 5/16 6/3 6/17 6/26 7/14 96 349.51 cd
Ba18 5/19 6/6 6/20 6/30 7/20 102 412.21 ab
Cao1 5/16 6/3 6/17 6/25 7/13 95 384.19 bc
Bai2 5/16 6/3 6/11 6/19 7/4 86 393.53 b
Bai5 5/16 5/26 6/11 6/20 7/5 87 344.17 d
Hua2 5/16 6/3 6/16 6/24 7/13 95 436.22 a
Ding8 5/16 5/26 6/19 6/24 7/13 95 318.83 d
Meng1 5/16 5/26 6/19 6/26 7/13 95 409.54 ab

Table 3

Yield differences of different genotypes in oats"

年份
Year		 基因型Genotype 单位面积穗数
Number of ears per unit area		 结实小穗数
Number of fruiting spikelets		 花梢小穗数
Number of fancy spikelets		 穗粒数
Number of grains per spike		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)
2020 Ba1 408.33 a 41.40 a 0.67 e 107.15 a 3483.41 a
Ba9 383.00 c 34.31 b 2.13 d 72.58 d 3075.64 c
Ba18 396.00 b 40.53 a 3.99 c 91.13 b 3365.22 b
Cao1 258.33 g 34.53 b 4.13 c 82.09 c 2623.98 d
Bai2 214.33 i 29.93 c 4.02 c 69.27 f 2030.68 g
Bai5 313.00 f 30.18 c 2.02 d 70.78 e 2457.26 e
Hua2 240.00 h 24.94 d 5.26 b 61.40 g 2037.75 g
Ding8 334.00 e 18.20 e 8.38 a 48.87 i 2007.80 h
Meng1 371.00 d 23.93 d 5.13 b 55.08 h 2185.09 f
2021 Ba1 483.13 a 36.43 a 1.55 f 102.22 a 3581.79 a
Ba9 464.23 b 33.08 b 3.22 d 95.42 b 3247.87 b
Ba18 418.37 d 29.24 c 4.22 b 81.44 c 2963.98 c
Cao1 395.00 f 32.52 b 3.77 c 82.37 c 2813.91 d
Bai2 357.77 i 23.85 f 4.94 a 60.37 g 2320.78 h
Bai5 380.00 g 25.23 de 2.40 e 76.78 d 2767.88 e
Hua2 369.67 h 24.25 ef 4.04 bc 63.05 f 2436.22 g
Ding8 409.97 e 21.92 g 5.23 a 52.63 h 2063.16 i
Meng1 452.57 c 26.23 d 4.88 a 66.63 e 2625.24 f
年份Year (Y) *** *** * *** ***
品种Variety (V) *** *** *** *** ***
Y×V *** *** *** *** ***

Table 4

Differences in dry matter transport before anthesis and dry matter accumulation after anthesis in different oat genotypes"

年份
Year		 基因型Genotype 花前干物质Dry matter before anthesis 花后干物质Dry matter after anthesis
转运量
Translocation amount
(kg hm-2)		 贡献率
Contribution rate
(%)		 积累量
Accumulation amount (kg hm-2)		 贡献率
Contribution rate
(%)
2020 Ba1 559.75 e 16.07 2923.66 a 83.93
Ba9 768.38 c 24.98 2307.25 c 75.02
Ba18 608.09 e 18.07 2757.12 b 81.93
Cao1 688.62 d 26.24 1935.36 d 73.76
Bai2 896.98 b 44.17 1133.70 fg 55.83
Bai5 745.23 cd 30.33 1712.04 e 69.67
Hua2 1005.84 a 49.36 1031.92 g 50.64
Ding8 1028.78 a 51.24 979.02 g 48.76
Meng1 974.35 a 44.59 1210.74 f 55.41
2021 Ba1 513.32 e 14.33 3068.47 a 85.67
Ba9 584.29 d 17.99 2663.58 b 82.01
Ba18 522.18 de 17.62 2441.80 c 82.38
Cao1 517.06 e 18.38 2296.85 cd 81.62
Bai2 710.76 c 30.63 1610.03 ef 69.37
Bai5 647.79 c 23.40 2120.09 d 76.60
Hua2 910.32 b 37.37 1525.90 f 62.63
Ding8 1110.42 a 53.82 952.73 g 46.18
Meng1 862.56 b 32.86 1762.67 e 67.14

Table 5

Sucrose content in different genotypes of oats"

年份
Year		 基因型Genotype 抽穗期蔗糖含量
Sucrose content at heading stage (mg g-1)		 成熟期蔗糖含量
Sucrose content at maturity (mg g-1)		 穗部蔗糖同化效率
Spike sucrose
assimilation efficiency (%)
茎Stem 叶Leaf 穗Spike 茎Stem 叶Leaf 穗Spike
2020 Ba1 128.30 a 129.84 a 110.79 a 41.98 g 30.57 f 13.51 g 87.81
Ba9 123.43 b 110.13 c 105.89 b 47.63 ef 37.36 e 16.81 ef 84.13
Ba18 126.25 a 113.43 b 111.74 a 46.13 f 33.21 f 15.96 f 85.72
Cao1 109.19 c 103.25 d 98.82 c 48.77 e 37.08 e 17.19 e 82.61
Bai2 80.72 e 97.41 f 84.59 f 59.89 b 49.61 b 23.60 b 72.09
Bai5 98.07 d 101.08 de 94.96 d 52.06 d 42.17 d 19.54 d 79.42
Hua2 82.04 e 96.94 f 87.23 e 58.95 b 47.63 bc 20.48 c 76.52
Ding8 79.87 e 93.26 g 82.80 g 65.54 a 53.10 a 25.20 a 69.57
Meng1 96.28 d 99.01 ef 94.20 d 54.52 c 44.81 cd 20.58 c 78.15
2021 Ba1 126.00 a 122.56 a 106.81 a 49.05 g 37.64 f 20.58 g 80.73
Ba9 120.81 b 103.64 bc 96.47 b 54.70 ef 44.43 e 23.88 ef 75.25
Ba18 110.89 c 106.57 b 104.88 a 53.20 f 40.28 f 23.03 f 78.04
Cao1 122.38 ab 101.54 c 94.98 bc 55.84 e 44.15 e 24.26 e 74.46
Bai2 76.43 f 94.73 d 82.63 e 66.96 b 56.68 b 30.67 b 62.88
Bai5 81.31 e 94.53 d 88.36 d 61.59 c 49.24 d 27.65 c 68.71
Hua2 78.66 ef 94.42 d 83.37 e 66.02 b 54.70 bc 27.55 c 66.95
Ding8 75.03 f 95.94 d 82.65 e 72.62 a 60.17 a 32.27 a 60.96
Meng1 99.40 d 94.36 d 93.37 c 59.14 d 51.88 cd 26.61 d 71.50

Table 6

Photosynthetic characteristics of different genotypes in oat"

年份
Year		 基因型
Genotype		 净光合速率
Pn (μmol m-2 s-1)		 蒸腾速率
Tr (mmol m-2 s-1)		 气孔导度
Gs (mmol m-2 s-1)		 胞间CO2浓度
Ci (μmol mol-1)
2020 Ba1 30.85 a 10.38 a 277.05 a 364.00 a
Ba9 24.64 c 8.50 cd 189.02 d 346.47 c
Ba18 24.67 c 9.25 b 217.34 b 349.05 b
Cao1 28.12 b 9.16 bc 191.02 c 343.15 d
Bai2 21.41 d 6.60 f 168.23 f 335.22 f
Bai5 24.26 c 7.90 de 179.28 e 339.18 e
Hua2 18.29 e 7.67 e 148.89 g 319.47 g
Ding8 10.42 f 4.47 h 106.18 i 232.37 i
Meng1 20.50 d 5.31 g 146.48 h 280.45 h
2021 Ba1 26.90 a 13.63 a 289.32 a 497.59 a
Ba9 26.19 ab 13.60 a 288.77 ab 492.58 b
Ba18 25.67 b 13.30 a 287.24 cd 481.14 c
Cao1 23.28 c 13.20 ab 287.76 bc 455.21 d
Bai2 21.50 d 10.76 de 286.06 d 393.41 h
Bai5 22.02 d 12.03 bc 286.54 cd 412.44 f
Hua2 21.69 d 11.42 cd 286.43 cd 407.26 g
Ding8 20.45 e 9.64 e 281.58 e 350.27 i
Meng1 23.22 c 11.68 cd 286.89 cd 414.09 e
年份Year (Y) ns *** *** ***
基因型Genotype (G) *** *** *** ***
Y×G *** ** *** ***

Fig. 1

SPS and SS activities in flag leaves of different genotypes of oats Different letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05. Abbreviations of varieties name are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 2

Contents of ZR, IAA, GA3, and ABA in flag leaves of different genotypes in oats Different letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05. Abbreviations of varieties name are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 3

Correlation between leaf physiological characteristics and yield of different genotypes of oats * indicates a significant correlation at the 0.05 probability level; ** indicates a very significant correlation at the 0.01 probability level; GY: grain yield; NE: the number of ears per unit area; NS: the number of fruit spikelets; NF: the number of fancy spikelets; NG: the number of grains per ear; GA3: gibberellin; IAA: auxin; ABA: abscisic acid; ZR: zeatin nucleoside; SS: sucrose synthase; SPS: sucrose phosphate synthase; LSC: leaf sucrose content; Pn: net photosynthetic rate."

Table 7

Characteristic value and contribution rate of each indicator"

变量
Variable		 主成分1
Principal
component 1		 主成分2
Principal
component 2
GY 0.38 -0.13
NS 0.39 -0.07
NG 0.37 -0.18
GA 0.39 -0.06
IAA 0.28 0.66
ABA -0.28 0.64
ZR 0.36 0.20
Pn 0.36 0.24
特征值Eigenvalue 6.34 0.80
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 79.20 9.95
累计贡献率
Cumulative contribution rate (%)		 79.20 89.15

Fig. 4

Principal component analysis load factor diagram of each index"

Fig. 5

Cluster analysis of different genotype oats"

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