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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 922-931.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83062

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

辽河流域玉米籽粒脱水特点及适宜收获期分析

黄兆福1,2,*,明博2,*,王克如2,谢瑞芝2,杨飞1,王志刚3,肖春华1,*(),李少昆1,2,*()   

  1. 1 石河子大学农学院 / 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832003
    2 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京 100081
    3 内蒙古农业大学, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010019
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-20 接受日期:2019-01-12 出版日期:2019-06-12 网络出版日期:2019-06-12
  • 通讯作者: 黄兆福,明博,肖春华,李少昆
  • 作者简介:黄兆福, E-mail: 819969026@qq.com|; 明博, E-mail: mingbo@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300803);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-25);中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程资助

Characteristics of maize grain dehydration and prediction of suitable harvest period in Liao River Basin

Zhao-Fu HUANG1,2,*,Bo MING2,*,Ke-Ru WANG2,Rui-Zhi XIE2,Fei YANG1,Zhi-Gang WANG3,Chun-Hua XIAO1,*(),Shao-Kun LI1,2,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Shihezi University / Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Production and Construction Group, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
    2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
    3 Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2018-08-20 Accepted:2019-01-12 Published:2019-06-12 Published online:2019-06-12
  • Contact: Zhao-Fu HUANG,Bo MING,Chun-Hua XIAO,Shao-Kun LI
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300803);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-25);the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of CAAS.

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摘要：

辽河流域处于中国东北春玉米区南部, 积温资源相对丰富, 在该区域推广玉米机械粒收技术具有较好的热量资源基础, 但区域内玉米收获时籽粒含水率偏高, 机械粒收的破碎率、损失率偏高等质量问题突出。分析区域内主推品种的籽粒脱水特征、基于热量资源条件确定机械粒收的适宜时间, 是解决上述问题的合理途径。2017年选择该区域主推的29个不同熟期玉米品种, 在开鲁县和铁岭县开展了籽粒脱水动态观测试验。结合流域内常年春玉米播种日期、不同品种生长发育及籽粒脱水积温需求、历史气象数据等分析结果, 建立不同品种在辽河流域适宜机械粒收时期的预测方法。结果显示, Logistic Power模型可以很好地模拟春玉米籽粒含水率变化过程。不同品种籽粒实收含水率与模拟含水率间存在极显著的线性关系, 决定系数R 2为0.916 (n = 45), 均方根误差RMSE为1.217。研究建立的不同品种籽粒含水率模型具有极佳的区域适用性, 以2017年国审的4个宜机收品种及流域内2个主栽品种研究, 明确了不同品种适宜机械粒收时期的分布规律。国审品种中, 德育919和京农科728自播种至籽粒含水率降至25%活动积温需求低于3200°C d, 在辽河流域大部地区可于9月中下旬达到高质量机械粒收的籽粒含水率要求。泽玉8911和吉单66积温需求低于3400°C d, 可于10月上中旬在流域内实现机械粒收, 较上述德育919和京农科728晚10~20 d。而当地主栽的辽单575和京科968脱水至适宜籽粒含水率的积温需求较泽玉8911和吉单66多200°C d, 无法在当地常规收获期实现高质量的机械粒收。本研究检验了基于Logistic Power模型的籽粒含水率预测模型在区域分析应用中的精度。通过比较国审宜机收品种与当地主栽品种的籽粒含水率变化、成熟和脱水的积温需求以及适宜机械粒收日期的空间分布规律, 更新现有品种有助于在辽河流域实现常规收获期内的高质量机械粒收。

关键词: 辽河流域, 玉米, 籽粒脱水动态, 机械粒收, 粒收时期

Abstract:

Liao River Basin (LRB) is located in the south of the northeast China, mainly planting spring maize. The technology of grain mechanical harvesting is promoted based on the better thermal resources in LRB, but it is impeded by the higher grain moisture at harvest, higher grain broken rate and higher yield loss rate. In order to solve problem, characteristics of grain dehydration of main cultivars need to be researched and the suitable harvesting time ought to be determined based on the thermal resources. The study was aimed at selecting suitable cultivars and evaluating the quality of grain mechanical harvesting. In 2017, the 29 maize cultivars with different maturity periods were weed to investigate grain dehydration dynamics in Kailu county and Tieling county. On the basis of the analysis results of sowing date of perennial spring maize in the basin, growth and development of different varieties, demand of grain dehydration accumulated temperature and historical meteorological data, the prediction method of suitable mechanical grain harvest period for different varieties was established in LRB. Logistic Power model was used to match the dynamic process of grain dehydration of spring maize. There was a significant linear relationship between the actual grain moisture at harvest and the simulated grain moisture (R 2= 0.916, RMSE = 1.217), showing an excellent regional adaptability of this model. Using four cultivars suitable for grain mechanical harvest in 2017 national trial and two main cultivars grown in LRB, distribution regulations of the suitable harvest period were clarified. Among the four cultivars, the actively accumulated temperature requirements of Deyu 919 and Jingnongke 728 were less than 3122°C d from sowing to the stage with grain moisture reducing to 25%, showing that the better period of grain mechanical harvest was in the middle and late September in most parts of LRB. While the other two cultivars of Zeyu 8911 and Jidan66 had accumulated temperature requirements 3400°C d, and suitable harvest period in early October which was roughly 10-20 days behind there of the two former cultivars. As less than for the two main cultivars—Liaodan 575 and Jingke 968, their requirements of accumulated temperature were 200°C d more than there of Zeyu 8911 and Jidan66, which is difficult to achieve a high-quality mechanical grain harvesting at normal time. The research verified the application accuracy of the predicting model of grain moisture established based on Logistic Power model. Comparing the changes of grain moisture content, the accumulated temperature requirements to maturity and dehydration, and spatial distribution regulations of suitable period of grain mechanical harvesting between national trial cultivars and local main cultivars, and updating the existing cultivars and helpful to achieve high-quality mechanical grain harvesting in the LRB.

Key words: Liao River Basin, maize, grain dehydration dynamic, mechanical grain harvesting, grain harvesting period

图1

辽河流域积温、降水资源分布及试验点"

表1

试验品种名称"

地点Location 品种 Hybrid
开鲁 金珠58, 德育919, 金庆202, 华美1号, 迪卡159, 东单913, ND865, 东单507, 泽玉501, S1651, 宏硕588, 泽玉8911, 东单1331, 金庆Q9, 德丰88, 优迪919, 世宾388, 翔玉998
Kailu Jinzhu 58, Deyu 919, Jinqing 202, Huamei 1, Dika 159, Dongdan 913, ND865, Dongdan 507, Zeyu 501, S1651, Hongshuo 288, Zeyu 8911, Dongdan 1331, Jinqing Q9, Dengfeng 88, Youdi 919, Shibin 388, Xiangyu 998
铁岭 丰垦139, 丹玉311, 铁研388, 宏育236, 吉单66, 泽玉501, 泽玉8911, 陕单636, 东单913, 东单1311, 华美1号, 中迪702, 中迪710, 翔玉998, 优迪919, 迪卡159, 辽单575, 京农科728, 京科968
Tieling Fengken 139, Danyu 311, Tieyan 388, Hongyu 236, Jidan 66, Zeyu 501, Zeyu 8911, Shaandan 636, Dongdan 913, Dongdan 1331, Huamei 1, Zhongdi 702, Zhongdi 710, Xiangyu 998, Youdi 919, Dika 159, Liaodan 575, Jingnongke 728, Jingke 968

表2

不同玉米品种的含水率-积温方程参数值"

品种
Hybrid		 地点
Location		 b c R2 样本量
n
ND865 开鲁 Kailu 1265.97 2.25 0.98 19
泽玉501 Zeyu 501 开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling 1093.89 1.66 0.98 18
世宾388 Shibin 388 开鲁 Kailu 1087.05 1.82 0.99 19
德丰88 Defeng 88 开鲁 Kailu 1085.03 2.27 0.99 19
优迪919 Youdi 919 开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling 1081.16 1.75 0.98 18
中迪710 Zhongdi 710 铁岭 Tieling 1079.05 1.87 0.99 20
东单1331 Dongdan 1331 开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling 1060.52 1.89 0.97 18
S1651 开鲁 Kailu 1053.26 1.73 0.99 19
迪卡159 Dika 159 开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling 1051.99 1.49 0.98 18
金庆Q9 Jinqing Q9 开鲁 Kailu 1049.91 2.11 0.99 19
中迪702 Zhongdi 702 铁岭 Tieling 1040.69 2.17 0.98 20
丹玉311 Danyu 311 铁岭 Tieling 1039.33 1.65 0.97 20
宏硕588 Hongshuo 588 开鲁 Kailu 1025.91 1.85 0.99 19
翔玉998 Xiangyu 998 开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling 1023.58 1.79 0.98 20
陕单636 Shaandan 636 铁岭 Tieling 1018.71 1.90 0.98 20
铁研388 Tieyan 388 铁岭 Tieling 1005.38 1.69 0.97 20
吉单66* Jidan 66* 铁岭 Tieling 1002.67 1.92 0.98 20
宏玉236 Hongyu 236 铁岭 Tieling 1002.67 1.92 0.98 20
丰垦139 Fengken 139 铁岭 Tieling 992.81 2.05 0.98 20
德育919* Deyu 919* 开鲁 Kailu Kailu, Tieling 986.47 2.22 0.99 19
京农科728* Jingnongke 728* 铁岭 Tieling 979.46 1.95 0.99 20
东单507 Dongdan 507 开鲁 Kailu 975.56 1.38 0.98 19
东单913 Dongdan 913 开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling 973.42 1.46 0.98 18
辽单575 Liaodan 575 铁岭 Tieling 966.18 1.59 0.99 20
华美1号 Huamei 1 开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling 957.27 1.78 0.96 18
泽玉8911* Zeyu 8911* 开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling 946.40 1.87 0.99 18
金庆202 Jinqing 202 开鲁 Kailu 943.39 1.57 0.96 19
京科968 Jingke 968 铁岭 Tieling 859.91 1.30 0.97 20
金珠58 Jinzhu 58 开鲁 Kailu 845.78 1.69 0.96 19

图2

2013-2017年辽河流域不同品种机械粒收实测籽粒含水率与模拟含水率的关系"

表3

不同玉米品种不同区域各生育时期积温需求"

地点
Location		 品种
Hybrid		 播种-吐丝所需积温
Accumulated temperature from sowing
to silking		 吐丝-生理成熟所需积温
Accumulated temperature from silking to physiological maturity		 播种-生理成熟所需积温
Accumulated temperature from sowing to physiological maturity
内蒙古通辽市开鲁县
Kailu county, Tongliao city, Inner Mongolia autonomous region		 华美1号 Huamei 1 1623.7 1334.5 2938.2
迪卡159 Dika 159 1646.7 1552.9 3156.6
东单913 Dongdan 913 1624.6 1350.5 2954.2
泽玉501 Zeyu 501 1646.7 1520.0 3123.7
泽玉8911 Zeyu 8911 1646.7 1484.4 3088.1
东单1331 Dongdan 1331 1720.6 1617.7 3378.4
优迪919 Youdi 919 1695.8 1611.8 3378.4
翔玉998 Xiangyu 998 1695.8 1611.8 3378.4
辽宁省铁岭市铁岭县
Tieling county, Tieling city, Liaoning province		 华美1号 Huamei 1 1616.9 1331.1 3078.2
迪卡159 Dika 159 1644.9 1550.2 3306.4
东单913 Dongdan 913 1644.9 1331.1 3087.2
泽玉501 Zeyu 501 1673.5 1550.2 3306.4
泽玉8911 Zeyu 8911 1644.9 1495.3 3251.4
东单1331 Dongdan 1331 1700.9 1683.3 3439.5
优迪919 Youdi 919 1700.9 1683.3 3439.5
翔玉998 Xiangyu 998 1700.9 1683.3 3439.5
区域间 Interregional ns ns ns
不同品种 Different hybrid * * *

表4

不同玉米品种在不同阶段对活动积温的需求"

品种
Hybrid		 播种-出苗
Sowing-Emergence		 出苗-吐丝
Emergence-Silking		 吐丝-生理成熟
Silking-Physiological maturity		 吐丝-含水率25%
Silking-25% MC		 播种-含水率25%*
Sowing-25% MC*
德育919 Deyu 919 237 1366 1351 1519 3122
京科728 Jingke 728 470 1126 1497 1582 3178
泽玉8911 Zeyu 8911 265 1411 1578 1655 3331
吉单66 Jidan 66 310 1395 1662 1651 3356
辽单575 Liaodan 575 379 1419 1655 1760 3558
京科968 Jingke 968 379 1529 1622 1789 3697

图3

辽河流域春玉米国审宜机收品种籽粒降水至25%的时间分布图"

图4

辽河流域主栽玉米品种籽粒降水至25%的时间分布图"

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