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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 960-967.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.93050

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

综合农艺管理对夏玉米叶片生长发育及内源激素含量的影响

于宁宁,张吉旺(),任佰朝,赵斌,刘鹏   

  1. 作物生物学国家重点实验室 / 山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-14 接受日期:2020-01-15 出版日期:2020-06-12 网络出版日期:2020-02-29
  • 通讯作者: 张吉旺
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1015317619@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300304-02);国家自然科学基金项目(31671629);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-02-18);山东省“双一流”奖补资金(SYL2017YSTD02)

Effect of integrated agronomic managements on leaf growth and endogenous hormone content of summer maize

YU Ning-Ning,ZHANG Ji-Wang(),REN Bai-Zhao,ZHAO Bin,LIU Peng   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2019-09-14 Accepted:2020-01-15 Published:2020-06-12 Published online:2020-02-29
  • Contact: Ji-Wang ZHANG
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300304-02);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671629);China Agricultural Research System(CARS-02-18);Funds of Shandong “Double Tops” Program(SYL2017YSTD02)

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摘要：

叶片可直接反映玉米植株的营养状况, 是光合作用的主要场所, 与干物质积累和产量形成密切相关。本研究以郑单958 (ZD958)为试验材料, 以T1代表农民习惯处理; T2代表在T1的基础上, 增加种植密度, 推迟收获, 降低施肥量, 并优化施肥时期; T3代表在T2的基础上进一步增加种植密度和施肥量; T4代表在T3的基础上, 降低种植密度和施肥量; N代表施氮量处理, 设N0、N1、N2和N3分别为0、129.0、184.5和300.0 kg N hm -2, 研究综合农艺管理对夏玉米叶片生长及内源激素的调控作用。综合农艺管理措施包括优化耕作方式、种植密度、施肥量、施肥时期和收获时间等。结果表明, 施氮量不足导致IAA、ZR和GA3含量降低, ABA含量升高, 叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数(LAI)及比叶重均显著降低; 随施氮量的增加, 叶片IAA、ZR和GA3含量增加, ABA含量降低, LAI、SPAD和干物质积累量均显著增加。综合农艺管理处理可调节叶片内源激素含量, 其中T4处理IAA、ZR和GA3含量较T1处理分别高23.1%、9.8%和14.7%; ABA含量降低12.4%; 叶片LAI适宜, SPAD值增加4.2%, 最终单株干物质积累量增加12.6%。综合农艺管理在降低施氮量, 配合最佳的农艺管理方式下, 可调节内源激素含量, 增加叶片SPAD和比叶重, 有利于单株干物质积累, 这可能是促进夏玉米产量增加的重要原因之一。

关键词: 综合农艺管理, 叶片内源激素, 比叶重, 叶面积指数, SPAD, 干物质积累

Abstract:

The leaves are the main place of photosynthesis directly related to the nutritional status, dry matter accumulation and yield formation of maize plants. The experiment was conducted using summer maize hybrid Zhengdan 958 with treatments of T1: local conventional cultivation practices; T2: based on T1, increasing planting density, delaying harvesting time, decreasing fertilizer application, and changing fertilization time; T3: based on T2, further increasing planting density, and further increasing fertilizer rate; T4: based on T3, decreasing planting density and the amount of fertilizer; and nitrogen treatments of N0, N1, N2, and N3, with 0, 129.0, 184.5, and 300.0 kg N hm -2, respectively. The contents of IAA, ZR, and GA3 decreased and the content of ABA increased, resulting in the decreases of SPAD, leaf area index (LAI) and specific leaf mass, when nitrogen application was not enough. And the contents of IAA, ZR, and GA3 increased, and ABA content decreased, and LAI, SPAD and dry matter accumulation per plant increased significantly with increasing nitrogen application. Integrated agronomic management practices could regulate the content of endogenous hormones in leaves. In T4 treatment, IAA, ZR, and GA3 contents increased by 23.1%, 9.8%, and 14.7%, the ABA content decreased by 12.4%, resulting in a suitable LAI; SPAD and final dry matter accumulation per plant were by 4.2% and 12.6% higher, respectively, than those in T1 treatment. Integrated agronomic managements could coordinate endogenous hormone contents, increase leaf SPAD and specific leaf mass, and be beneficial to dry matter accumulation per plant under the condition of reducing nitrogen application combining with optimal agronomic managements, which might be one of the important reasons for increasing summer maize yield.

Key words: integrated agronomic management practices, leaf endogenous hormone, specific leaf mass, leaf area index, SPAD, dry matter accumulation

表1

不同处理的栽培管理措施和肥料运筹"

处理
Treatment		 耕作方式
Tillage method		 种植密度
Seeding rate
(×104 seeds hm-2)		 播种日期
Seeding
date
(m/d)		 收获日期
Harvest date
(m/d)		 施肥时期及用量
Periods and rates of fertilizer application (kg hm-2)
肥料
Fertilizer		 播前
Pre seeding		 拔节
Jointing		 抽雄
VT		 抽雄后7 d
VT+7
T1 秸秆覆盖免耕
Straw-covering No tilling		 6 6/15 9/20 N 225
P 45
K 75
T2 秸秆还田播前旋耕
Straw-covering Rotary tilling		 6.75 6/15 10/1 N 45 115.5
P 45
K 45 30
T3 秸秆还田播前旋耕
Straw-covering Rotary tilling		 8.7 6/15 10/6 N 135 225 90
P 60 90
K 150 150
T4 秸秆还田播前旋耕
Straw-covering Rotary tilling		 7.5 6/15 10/6 N 30 90 64.5
P 30 25.5
K 30 70.5 30

图1

综合农艺管理对夏玉米LAI和SPAD的影响(2017) T1、T2、T3和T4分别代表农民习惯处理、高产高效处理、超高产处理和再高产高效处理。N0、N1、N2和N3分别表示施0、129.0、184.5和300.0 kg N hm-2。V6、V12、VT、R3和R6分别为玉米拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽雄期、乳熟期和成熟期, 大约分别为播种后21、39、50、80和110 d。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上差异显著, ns表示处理之间差异不显著。"

图2

综合农艺管理对夏玉米单株干物质积累的影响(2016-2017) 缩写和处理同图1。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上差异显著, ns表示处理之间差异不显著。"

表2

综合农艺管理对夏玉米比叶重的影响(2017) "

处理 Treatment VT VT+15 R3
T1 2.09 b 3.26 c 2.34 c
T2 2.59 a 3.90 a 2.69 a
T3 2.54 a 3.77 b 2.74 a
T4 2.59 a 3.79 b 2.49 b
N0 2.04 d 3.47 d 2.54 b
N1 2.24 c 3.58 c 2.64 b
N2 2.54 b 3.95 a 2.59 b
N3 2.64 a 3.66 b 2.79 a

图3

综合农艺管理对夏玉米叶片IAA含量的影响(2017) V4和V9为玉米四叶期和九叶期, 为播种后16 d和29 d。缩写和处理同图1。**表示在0.01水平上差异显著。"

图4

综合农艺管理对夏玉米叶片ZR含量的影响(2017) 缩写和处理同图1和图3。**表示在0.01水平上差异显著, ns表示处理之间差异不显著。"

图5

综合农艺管理对夏玉米叶片GA3含量的影响(2017) 缩写和处理同图1和图3。**表示在0.01水平上差异显著, ns表示处理之间差异不显著。"

图6

综合农艺管理对夏玉米叶片ABA含量的影响(2017) 缩写和处理同图1和图3。**表示在0.01水平上差异显著, ns表示处理之间差异不显著。"

表3

叶片性状、单株干物质重和产量与内源激素含量的相关系数"

相关性Correlation GA3 IAA ZR ABA ZR/ABA GA3/IAA ZR/IAA ABA/(GA3+IAA+ZR)
LAI -0.007 -0.807** -0.311 -0.641** 0.361* 0.791** 0.759** 0.349
SPAD 0.434* -0.423* 0.113 -0.437* 0.519** 0.680** 0.571** 0.064
单株干物质重
Dry matter weight per plant		 -0.108 -0.634** -0.176 0.093 -0.215 0.551** 0.623** 0.709**
产量Yield 0.734* 0.753* 0.349 -0.682 0.550 0.356 0.603 -0.755*
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