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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 2759-2774.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.52006

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同播期下氮素穗肥对大穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优538颖花退化的调控作用

王晶卿(), 陈惠哲, 兰天明, 李慧, 唐承翰, 马昕伶, 张玉屏(), 王亚梁()   

  1. 中国水稻研究所 / 水稻生物育种全国重点实验室, 浙江杭州 311400
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-07 接受日期:2025-07-09 出版日期:2025-10-12 网络出版日期:2025-07-15
  • 通讯作者: *王亚梁, E-mail: wangyaliang@caas.cn;张玉屏, E-mail: cnrrizyp@163.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: wangjingqing0705@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32201896);国家自然科学基金项目(32271983);国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD12000201);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2022C02034);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-21);中国农业科学院科技创新工程和中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资助

Regulatory effect of panicle nitrogen fertilizer on spikelet degeneration in large panicle indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 538 under different sowing dates

WANG Jing-Qing(), CHEN Hui-Zhe, LAN Tian-Ming, LI Hui, TANG Cheng-Han, MA Xin-Ling, ZHANG Yu-Ping(), WANG Ya-Liang()   

  1. China National Rice Research Institute / State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2025-03-07 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-10-12 Published online:2025-07-15
  • Contact: *E-mail: wangyaliang@caas.cn;E-mail: cnrrizyp@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201896);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271983);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD12000201);Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2022C02034);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-01-21);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP);Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund

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摘要：

大穗型籼粳杂交稻颖花容易退化, 为明晰氮素对籼粳杂交稻颖花退化的缓解效应及其调控作用, 本研究以大穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优538为试验材料, 于2023年和2024年进行试验, 设置S1 (4月20日播种)、S2 (5月10日播种)和S3 (5月30日播种) 3个播期, 180 kg hm-2 (N12)、270 kg hm-2 (N18) 2种总施氮量, 以及T1 (在叶龄余数3.5施用100%穗肥)、T2 (在叶龄余数1.5施用100%穗肥)和T3 (在叶龄余数3.5施用50%穗肥+叶龄余数1.5施用50%穗肥) 3种穗肥施用方式, 分析比较不同处理下产量与产量构成、分蘖动态、颖花分化与退化、干物质积累和单朵颖花干物质占比变化。结果表明, (1) S1播期下N18T2处理的产量最高, 较S3播期下N12T1处理的产量平均提高46.83%; 其中播期对结实率影响最为显著, 其次影响每穗粒数; 不同施氮量对有效穗数和穗粒数有显著影响, N18处理较N12处理的穗粒数平均提高14.44%, 有效穗数平均提高12.88%。(2) 不同施氮量和穗肥施用时间对每穗粒数的影响主要在于颖花发育, N18处理较N12处理的氮含量平均提高22.51%, 2023年和2024年颖花分化数分别提高12.12%和15.35%, 现存颖花数分别提高16.00%和13.60%。穗肥施用时间后移可有效缓解颖花退化, 其中N12T3处理平均提高植株氮含量31.58%, N18T2处理平均提高26.29%; T2时期施用保花肥, 颖花退化率较T1平均减少18.20%, 较T3平均减少5.48%。(3) 颖花发育直接依赖于干物质积累, N18处理较N12处理, 穗分化始期干物质积累量(DM-SDI)显著提高6.96%, 穗发育期间干物质积累量(DM-SD)显著提高15.08%, 颖花分化数与DM-SDI、DM-SD呈正相关关系, 干物质积累越多, 颖花分化数越多。(4) 不同穗肥施用时间显著影响穗分化期间单朵颖花的干物质占比(SSDM-SD), T2>T3>T1; 颖花退化与SSDM-SDI、SSDM-SD呈负相关关系, 单朵颖花干物质越小, 颖花退化率越高。综上, 合理的氮素穗肥通过调控干物质积累来影响籼粳杂交稻颖花形成, 叶龄余数1.5时增施穗肥有利于提高单朵颖花的干物质占比, 支撑颖花生存和发育, 有效缓解颖花退化, 增加每穗粒数。在实际生产中, 可以适当提早播种, 在减少氮肥施用的基础上优化氮肥运筹(施用促花肥和保花肥), 可以延长营养生长期并提高单朵颖花干物质占比, 促进颖花分化的同时减少颖花退化, 进而达到籼粳杂交稻大穗栽培的目标。

关键词: 籼粳杂交稻, 氮素, 穗肥, 产量, 颖花分化与退化, 干物质积累

Abstract:

Spikelet degeneration is a common issue in large-panicle indica-japonica hybrid rice. This study investigated the effects of nitrogen application on mitigating spikelet degeneration and explored the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Field experiments were conducted over two years (2023 and 2024) using the large-panicle indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 538. The experiment included three sowing dates (S1: April 20th; S2: May 10th; S3: May 30th), two nitrogen application rates (N12: 180 kg hm-2; N18: 270 kg hm-2), and three panicle nitrogen application timings: T1 (100% applied at leaf age remainder 3.5), T2 (100% at 1.5), and T3 (50% at both stages). The effects of these treatments on yield and its components, tiller dynamics, spikelet differentiation and degeneration, dry matter accumulation, and single spikelet dry matter accumulation were analyzed and compared. The results showed that: (1) Under the S1 sowing condition, the N18T2 treatment achieved the highest yield, averaging 46.83% higher than that of S3N12T1. Sowing date had the greatest effect on seed setting rate, followed by grains per panicle. Nitrogen application rate significantly influenced both effective panicle number and grains per panicle. Compared to N12, N18 increased grains per panicle and effective panicle number by 14.44% and 12.88%, respectively. (2) Nitrogen rate and panicle fertilizer timing mainly affected spikelet development. The nitrogen content in N18 plants was on average 22.51% higher than in N12. In 2023 and 2024, the number of differentiated spikelets increased by 12.12% and 15.35%, and the number of existing spikelets increased by 16.00% and 13.60%, respectively. Delayed panicle fertilizer application effectively reduced spikelet degeneration. The N12T3 treatment increased plant nitrogen content by 31.58%, and N18T2 by 26.29% on average. Spikelet degeneration rate in T2 was on average 18.20% lower than in T1 and 5.48% lower than in T3. (3) Spikelet development was directly dependent on dry matter accumulation. At the onset of panicle differentiation (DM-SDI), dry matter accumulation under N18 was 6.96% higher than under N12, and during panicle development (DM-SD), it was 15.08% higher. The number of differentiated spikelets was positively correlated with both DM-SDI and DM-SD, indicating that greater dry matter accumulation promoted spikelet differentiation. (4) The timing of panicle fertilizer application significantly affected the proportion of dry matter allocated to a single spikelet during the panicle differentiation stage (SSDM-SD), with the order T2 > T3 > T1. Spikelet degeneration was negatively correlated with single spikelet dry matter accumulation at both the onset (SSDM-SDI) and during development (SSDM-SD); lower accumulation corresponded to higher degeneration rates. In conclusion, optimized nitrogen management—particularly precise timing of panicle fertilizer application—regulates dry matter accumulation and significantly influences spikelet formation in indica-japonica hybrid rice. Applying panicle fertilizer at a leaf age remainder of 1.5 enhanced single spikelet dry matter accumulation, promoted spikelet survival and development, reduced degeneration, and increased grains per panicle. For practical cultivation, early sowing combined with optimized nitrogen management—especially split application at both 3.5 and 1.5 leaf age remainders—can extend the vegetative growth period, improve dry matter accumulation per spikelet, enhance spikelet differentiation, and reduce degeneration, even with reduced total nitrogen input.

Key words: indica-japonica hybrid rice, nitrogen, panicle fertilizer, yield, spikelet differentiation and degeneration, dry matter accumulation

图1

2023年和2024年试验地作物生育期内日降雨量及日均温变化"

表1

2023年与2024年不同播期与氮肥处理下水稻生育期"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 播期
Seeding stage (month/day)		 移栽期
Transplanting stage (month/day)		 分蘖盛期
Tillering stage (month/day)		 穗分化期
Panicle
initiation stage (month/day)		 抽穗期
Heading stage (month/day)		 成熟期
Maturity stage (month/day)		 全生育期
Growth
period
(d)
2023 S1N12 04/20 05/10 06/19 07/07 08/12 10/02 165
S1N18 04/20 05/10 06/19 07/10 08/15 10/07 170
S2N12 05/10 05/30 06/26 07/20 08/22 10/10 153
S2N18 05/10 05/30 06/26 07/21 08/25 10/11 154
S3N12 05/30 06/17 07/05 07/30 09/05 10/17 140
S3N18 05/30 06/17 07/05 08/02 09/07 10/20 143
2024 S1N12 04/20 05/10 06/17 07/07 08/10 09/30 163
S1N18 04/20 05/10 06/17 07/10 08/13 10/05 168
S2N12 05/10 05/30 06/25 07/19 08/21 10/09 152
S2N18 05/10 05/30 06/25 07/20 08/23 10/11 154
S3N12 05/30 06/17 07/03 07/28 09/01 10/15 138
S3N18 05/30 06/17 07/03 08/01 09/03 10/17 140

表2

不同播期与不同施肥处理下产量及产量构成"

年份
Year		 播期
Seeding stage		 氮素处理
Nitrogen treatment		 施肥时间
Fertilization time		 有效穗数
No. of productive panicles
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
No. of spikelets		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(t hm-2)
2023 S1 N12 T1 234.64±5.77 b 278.67±8.33 e 79.12±3.14 c 20.10±0.04 b 8.27±0.37 d
T2 234.64±4.10 b 318.00±6.08 d 86.53±1.12 a 20.36±0.09 ab 9.14±0.26 c
T3 234.64±5.31 b 337.00±8.54 bc 81.13±1.01 b 20.56±0.34 a 9.95±0.63 c
N18 T1 245.31±6.58 ab 326.00±3.00 cd 77.43±1.21 c 20.17±0.13 b 9.95±0.32 c
T2 250.64±3.34 ab 385.67±3.51 a 83.98±1.20 a 20.40±0.07 ab 13.28±0.48 a
T3 255.97±5.12 a 344.00±11.53 b 81.16±1.12 b 20.26±0.17 ab 11.56±0.49 b
S2 N12 T1 191.98±3.30 b 316.33±6.81 f 72.16±2.01 cd 20.26±0.12 a 7.06±0.24 e
T2 202.65±4.10 b 332.67±3.79 e 79.23±2.14 ab 20.57±0.50 a 8.80±0.16 d
T3 202.65±5.31 b 346.67±9.02 d 78.42±1.14 b 20.78±0.12 a 9.08±0.60 cd
N18 T1 223.98±4.67 a 378.33±5.86 c 69.23±1.16 d 20.67±0.61 a 9.67±0.40 cd
T2 223.98±3.35 a 431.67±4.16 a 82.57±1.08 a 20.71±0.24 a 13.14±0.33 a
T3 229.31±2.96 a 402.67±11.06 b 73.25±3.21 c 20.70±0.19 a 11.16±0.44 b
S3 N12 T1 202.65±5.77 bc 353.00±7.94 e 55.43±2.78 c 19.45±0.06 d 6.20±0.54 d
T2 191.98±3.98 c 369.33±7.51 d 67.42±2.01 a 19.90±0.20 cd 7.60±0.27 c
T3 197.31±5.31 c 373.67±6.03 d 63.42±4.89 ab 20.78±0.40 ab 7.75±0.38 c
N18 T1 218.64±6.58 a 387.33±4.04 c 56.34±2.71 c 21.10±0.11 a 7.95±0.25 c
T2 213.31±3.34 ab 428.67±5.77 a 67.31±3.12 a 20.39±0.50 bc 9.91±0.64 b
T3 223.98±2.71 a 409.67±10.02 b 62.28±3.21 b 20.21±0.60 bc 9.14±0.38 a
2024 S1 N12 T1 185.26±6.40 bc 334.13±12.10 b 67.41±3.11 b 19.85±0.91 b 6.83±0.04 f
T2 186.11±4.10 c 354.93±24.97 ab 69.42±4.17 ab 20.20±0.20 ab 7.19±0.20 e
T3 191.98±9.20 bc 378.87±26.39 a 72.19±2.07 ab 19.70±0.54 b 8.23±0.21 d
N18 T1 223.98±5.40 abc 358.07±7.51 ab 70.23±1.13 ab 20.97±0.03 a 9.41±0.08 c
T2 239.98±5.78 a 387.00±29.46 a 75.12±3.12 a 20.17±0.13 ab 11.18±0.09 a
T3 234.64±4.41 ab 370.87±7.00 ab 73.12±5.13 ab 20.54±0.45 ab 10.54±0.33 b
S2 N12 T1 186.65±5.77 c 357.60±37.20 b 56.01±10.01 a 20.38±0.47 a 6.10±0.34 d
T2 191.98±7.10 bc 360.60±58.80 b 60.02±5.12 a 20.59±0.75 a 6.76±0.21 c
T3 186.65±5.31 c 386.20±16.41 b 58.12±1.23 a 20.45±0.32 a 6.85±0.18 c
N18 T1 213.31±6.58 ab 403.00±18.00 b 59.23±3.12 a 19.98±0.17 ab 8.06±0.10 b
T2 223.98±5.78 a 462.93±13.12 a 63.25±8.12 a 19.55±0.33 b 10.14±0.38 a
T3 223.98±5.12 a 419.00±20.72 ab 57.23±3.11 a 19.79±0.22 ab 8.51±0.34 b
S3 N12 T1 202.65±5.77 a 335.60±4.98 e 52.13±1.24 b 19.56±0.84 a 5.55±0.42 e
T2 200.51±4.10 a 361.07±11.00 d 58.43±8.01 ab 20.31±0.28 a 6.73±0.08 d
T3 202.11±5.31 a 386.87±8.32 c 56.23±3.11 ab 20.40±1.08 a 6.92±0.51 d
N18 T1 218.64±8.25 a 422.00±19.71 b 55.21±6.11 ab 19.33±0.55 a 7.82±0.04 c
T2 218.64±3.34 a 448.33±7.41 a 63.57±3.12 a 19.74±0.95 a 9.67±0.10 a
T3 207.98±5.12 a 423.00±16.93 b 60.02±2.11 ab 20.23±0.77 a 8.52±0.11 b

表3

产量与产量构成总变异方差分析F值"

变异来源
Source of variance		 有效穗数
No. of productive
panicles		 穗粒数
No. of
spikelets		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(g plant-1)
播期 Seeding stage 90.07** 268.89** 490.79** 5.96** 170.84**
氮素处理 Nitrogen treatment 86.40** 689.75** 5.04** 5.92** 360.91**
施肥时间 Fertilization time 1.67 132.27** 113.30** 3.11 143.83**
播期×氮肥处理
Seeding stage × nitrogen treatment		 1.80 26.24** 0.30 4.11* 11.47**
播期×施肥时间
Seeding stage × fertilization time		 0.60 39.10** 1.81* 12.25** 18.48**
氮肥处理×施肥时间
Nitrogen treatment × fertilization time		 1.07* 3.57* 2.21 0.72 2.88*
播期×氮肥处理×施肥时间
Seeding stage × nitrogen treatment × fertilization time		 0.60 4.35** 2.50 4.30** 1.16*

图2

不同氮肥处理对分蘖动态的影响 处理同表2。TP: 移栽期; 20 d-ATP: 移栽后20 d; PT: 分蘖高峰期; BT: 孕穗期; HD: 抽穗期; PM: 成熟期。"

表4

不同施氮量和施氮时间对颖花分化与退化的影响"

年份
Year		 播期
Seeding stage		 氮肥处理
Nitrogen
treatment		 施肥时间
Fertilization
time		 颖花分化数
No. of differentiated spikelets		 颖花现存数
No. of survived spikelets		 颖花退化数
No. of degenerated spikelets		 颖花退化率
Spikelets
degeneration rate (%)
2023 S1 N12 T1 528.67±2.52 c 278.67±2.52 f 250.00±2.00 b 47.29±0.36 a
T2 507.00±3.46 d 318.00±3.00 e 189.00±4.58 d 37.28±0.73 d
T3 528.67±3.21 c 336.33±2.08 c 192.33±4.73 d 36.38±0.69 d
N18 T1 599.67±3.79 a 326.67±3.79 d 273.00±1.00 a 45.53±0.29 a
T2 586.33±5.69 b 386.00±4.58 a 200.33±2.52 c 34.17±0.34 e
T3 593.67±3.21 a 345.33±3.21 b 248.33±6.43 b 41.83±0.86 c
S2 N12 T1 585.67±4.51 c 316.33±12.86 f 269.33±16.74 a 45.98±2.56 a
T2 556.00±4.58 d 332.33±4.51 e 223.67±5.03 c 40.23±0.77 b
T3 580.00±2.00 c 346.00±5.29 d 234.00±5.29 bc 40.34±0.90 b
N18 T1 636.67±2.52 a 387.67±4.51 c 249.00±6.08 b 39.11±0.84 b
T2 626.67±1.15 b 431.00±2.00 a 195.67±3.06 d 31.22±0.43 d
T3 637.00±3.46 a 403.00±4.00 b 234.00±7.21 bc 36.73±0.94 c
S3 N12 T1 569.67±4.51 c 353.67±4.73 f 216.00±8.72 b 37.91±1.26 a
T2 542.33±6.11 e 369.33±11.68 e 173.00±5.57 d 31.91±1.38 bc
T3 551.00±3.61 d 373.67±1.15 d 177.33±4.73 cd 32.18±0.65 bc
N18 T1 626.67±2.08 a 387.00±2.65 c 239.67±0.58 a 38.25±0.22 a
T2 618.33±4.73 b 429.33±2.52 a 189.00±4.58 c 30.57±0.56 c
T3 621.00±1.73 ab 409.67±12.42 b 211.33±13.32 b 34.03±2.09 b
2024 S1 N12 T1 545.33±3.21 c 333.67±3.51 d 211.67±6.43 c 38.81±0.96 b
T2 521.33±4.04 d 354.00±5.29 c 167.33±5.51 d 32.09±0.98 d
T3 542.00±3.61 c 377.67±3.21 b 164.33±3.79 d 30.32±0.60 e
N18 T1 611.00±4.36 a 358.00±6.56 c 253.00±10.82 a 41.40±1.48 a
T2 604.33±2.31 b 387.00±2.65 a 217.33±2.08 c 35.96±0.33 c
T3 610.67±3.06 a 370.33±2.52 b 240.33±0.58 b 39.35±0.11 b
S2 N12 T1 564.00±2.65 b 357.00±3.61 e 207.00±3.00 c 36.70±0.53 b
T2 534.00±3.46 d 360.00±5.29 e 174.00±5.29 e 32.58±0.95 c
T3 552.00±3.61 c 386.33±5.03 d 165.67±3.21 e 30.01±0.63 d
N18 T1 654.67±8.14 a 403.00±6.56 c 251.67±10.41 a 38.44±1.26 a
S2 N18 T2 648.33±3.06 a 462.00±2.65 a 186.33±1.53 d 28.74±0.20 d
T3 651.00±6.24 a 420.33±3.79 b 230.67±9.50 b 35.43±1.14 b
S3 N12 T1 547.33±2.08 c 335.00±3.00 e 212.33±4.73 b 38.79±0.74 a
T2 518.67±3.06 e 361.00±4.00 d 157.67±3.06 d 30.40±0.59 c
T3 531.33±2.52 d 386.33±2.52 c 145.00±4.36 e 27.29±0.71 d
N18 T1 650.33±2.89 a 422.67±4.04 b 227.67±1.15 a 35.01±0.33 b
T2 641.67±2.08 b 448.67±1.53 a 193.00±3.46 c 30.08±0.45 c
T3 645.00±2.65 b 423.33±2.52 b 221.67±4.93 a 34.36±0.64 b
年份 Year (Y) 35.74** 552.60** 245.41** 403.13**
播期 Seeding stage (S) 903.53** 758.01** 134.67** 225.61**
氮肥处理 Nitrogen treatment (N) 12,488.17** 2731.75** 607.53** 1.31
施肥时间 Fertilization time (T) 208.68** 397.39** 588.06** 593.37**
年份×播期 Y × S 57.67** 51.87** 33.03** 38.71**
播期×氮肥处理 S × N 53.46** 138.79** 57.11** 75.49**
氮肥处理×施肥时间 N × T 53.51** 192.43** 83.31** 125.49**
年份×氮肥处理 Y × N 409.44** 4.37* 194.24** 150.85**
年份×施肥时间 Y × T 0.54 7.59** 6.91** 8.23**
播期×施肥时间 S × T 5.57** 4.65** 3.12* 4.77**
年份×播期×氮肥处理 Y × S × N 98.33** 67.35** 24.51** 31.01**
年份×播期×施肥时间Y × S × T 1.35 5.92** 4.32** 6.20**
播期×氮肥处理×施肥时间 S × N × T 2.90* 8.84** 3.61** 6.06**
年份×播期×氮肥处理×施肥时间 Y × S × N × T 0.60 10.07** 6.32** 8.43**

表5

不同氮肥处理对植株氮含量的影响"

播期
Seeding stage		 氮肥处理
Nitrogen treatment		 施肥时间
Fertilization time		 穗分化期氮含量
Nitrogen content at panicle
differentiation stage (kg hm-2)		 抽穗期氮含量
Nitrogen content at heading stage (kg hm-2)
茎Stem 叶Leaf 茎Stem 叶Leaf 穗Panicle
S1 N12 T1 36.57±0.40 f 58.34±1.30 e 58.06±7.17 d 81.63±7.36 c 14.37±0.52 d
T2 37.74±0.25 e 75.42±0.33 d 80.90±5.17 c 105.33±2.96 b 19.61±0.31 c
T3 46.25±0.45 c 92.43±1.26 b 95.69±1.47 b 113.33±3.91 b 23.05±0.28 b
N18 T1 41.53±0.42 d 77.54±1.16 d 83.05±1.72 c 109.05±6.64 b 14.74±0.61 d
T2 59.72±1.19 a 110.58±1.11 a 107.68±0.88 a 134.89±2.65 a 36.42±2.92 a
T3 52.89±0.48 b 86.45±1.95 c 90.98±1.08 b 130.35±0.68 a 21.19±0.28 bc
S2 N12 T1 32.97±1.42 d 58.21±0.81 d 63.58±1.56 d 89.37±6.65 f 19.66±0.54 e
T2 36.90±0.66 c 68.78±0.71 c 77.98±2.53 c 107.62±2.18 d 28.13±0.18 d
T3 39.88±0.33 b 72.79±1.51 b 87.01±3.20 b 116.86±3.94 c 33.67±0.50 d
N18 T1 38.12±0.21 bc 70.49±3.43 bc 74.65±0.95 c 101.45±1.55 e 27.89±0.72 c
T2 45.12±1.19 a 77.29±1.96 a 104.78±5.97 a 148.00±0.78 a 43.38±0.56 a
T3 42.64±0.40 b 73.28±0.99 b 87.65±0.97 b 131.99±1.48 b 36.06±0.45 b
S3 N12 T1 19.88±0.13 e 41.65±0.19 f 35.88±0.29 e 58.98±2.51 e 20.76±0.88 c
T2 21.72±0.28 d 52.75±0.67 e 57.79±2.16 d 87.91±3.40 c 28.00±0.36 b
T3 22.46±0.18 c 57.29±0.49 d 72.35±1.06 c 115.58±4.14 b 32.19±1.71 a
N18 T1 26.10±0.29 b 59.45±0.14 c 59.47±3.05 d 79.97±3.37 d 21.74±1.34 c
T2 28.57±0.16 a 62.89±0.15 a 96.73±0.56 a 138.00±1.37 a 30.63±0.79 a
T3 26.47±0.31 b 60.89±0.26 b 86.99±0.82 b 116.33±3.24 b 27.91±1.10 b
播期Seeding stage (S) 5854.15** 2021.47** 183.99** 94.07** 428.67**
氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment (N) 1974.03** 1003.08** 502.78** 529.26** 264.97**
施肥时间Fertilization time (T) 542.41** 624.47** 419.46** 477.27** 618.44**
播期×氮肥处理 S × N 127.78** 55.04** 23.47** 0.37 86.48**
播期×施肥时间 S × T 93.70** 93.68** 8.51** 15.22** 22.23**
氮肥处理×施肥时间 N × T 220.48** 281.24** 96.89** 69.11** 184.82 **
播期×氮肥处理×施肥时间 S × N × T 84.29** 87.29** 6.01** 12.57** 22.83**

表6

不同氮肥处理对植株穗发育期干物质积累的影响"

年份
Year		 播期
Seeding stage		 氮肥处理
Nitrogen treatment		 施肥时间
Fertilization time		 穗分化始期单茎干物质
DM-SDI (g)		 穗分化期积累的干物质
DM-SD (g)		 穗分化始期单朵颖花干物质积累量
SSDM-SDI (mg)		 穗分化期单朵颖花干物质积累量
SSDM-SD (mg)
2023 S1 N12 T1 1.83±0.02 b 0.83±0.01 e 3.46±0.03 b 1.57±0.01 bc
T2 1.83±0.03 b 0.86±0.02 d 3.62±0.07 a 1.70±0.04 a
T3 1.84±0.01 b 0.89±0.01 c 3.47±0.01 b 1.69±0.01 a
N18 T1 1.95±0.03 a 0.93±0.01 b 3.25±0.04 d 1.55±0.01 c
T2 1.96±0.03 a 0.98±0.02 a 3.34±0.07 c 1.67±0.04 a
T3 1.95±0.02 a 0.95±0.01 b 3.29±0.03 cd 1.60±0.02 b
S2 N12 T1 2.55±0.02 b 1.15±0.03 e 4.36±0.06 bc 1.96±0.06 e
T2 2.55±0.01 b 1.20±0.01 d 4.59±0.05 a 2.16±0.00 ab
T3 2.56±0.01 b 1.23±0.02 c 4.41±0.02 b 2.11±0.03 bc
N18 T1 2.74±0.02 a 1.31±0.01 b 4.31±0.04 c 2.06±0.02 d
T2 2.74±0.01 a 1.36±0.01 a 4.38±0.02 bc 2.18±0.01 a
T3 2.75±0.01 a 1.33±0.01 b 4.31±0.02 c 2.09±0.02 cd
S3 N12 T1 2.00±0.02 b 1.05±0.02 f 3.51±0.05 b 1.85±0.02 e
T2 2.00±0.02 b 1.08±0.01 e 3.69±0.07 a 1.99±0.01 bc
T3 2.00±0.02 b 1.11±0.01 d 3.63±0.01 a 2.01±0.02 ab
N18 T1 2.12±0.01 a 1.20±0.01 c 3.38±0.03 c 1.91±0.01 d
T2 2.12±0.02 a 1.26±0.01 a 3.43±0.04 c 2.04±0.02 a
T3 2.12±0.02 a 1.22±0.02 b 3.42±0.03 c 1.97±0.03 c
2024 S1 N12 T1 1.73±0.03 b 0.77±0.02 e 3.17±0.07 b 1.41±0.02 c
T2 1.73±0.02 b 0.81±0.04 d 3.31±0.07 a 1.56±0.08 ab
T3 1.73±0.03 b 0.85±0.03 c 3.19±0.08 ab 1.57±0.04 ab
N18 T1 1.85±0.05 a 0.92±0.01 b 3.03±0.07 c 1.51±0.01 b
T2 1.85±0.04 a 0.98±0.01 a 3.06±0.07 bc 1.62±0.02 a
T3 1.83±0.04 a 0.97±0.01 a 3.00±0.08 c 1.58±0.01 a
S2 N12 T1 2.41±0.03 b 1.06±0.02 e 4.27±0.03 b 1.89±0.03 c
T2 2.41±0.03 b 1.11±0.01 d 4.51±0.09 a 2.08±0.02 a
T3 2.41±0.03 b 1.15±0.01 c 4.37±0.03 b 2.08±0.01 a
N18 T1 2.61±0.05 a 1.29±0.02 b 3.99±0.10 c 1.98±0.01 b
T2 2.63±0.03 a 1.35±0.01 a 4.05±0.03 c 2.09±0.03 a
T3 2.61±0.04 a 1.34±0.02 a 4.01±0.06 c 2.05±0.04 a
S3 N12 T1 1.96±0.03 b 1.03±0.03 e 3.58±0.07 c 1.89±0.05 c
T2 1.99±0.02 b 1.07±0.01 d 3.83±0.06 a 2.06±0.02 a
T3 1.98±0.01 b 1.08±0.01 d 3.73±0.03 b 2.04±0.02 a
N18 T1 2.10±0.03 a 1.23±0.01 c 3.22±0.05 d 1.89±0.00 c
T2 2.10±0.01 a 1.32±0.01 a 3.27±0.02 d 2.06±0.02 a
T3 2.09±0.03 a 1.27±0.01 b 3.25±0.05 d 1.97±0.02 b

图3

干物质积累量与颖花分化的相关性分析 缩写同表6。"

图4

单朵颖花干物质积累量与颖花退化率的相关性分析 处理同表2。缩写同表6。SDR: 颖花退化率。"

表7

不同氮肥处理对单茎干物质积累和转换的影响"

播期
Seeding stage		 氮肥处理
Nitrogen treatment		 施肥时间
Fertilization time		 单茎茎鞘重
Weight per stem sheath (g)		 表观输出率
Apparent output rate (%)		 干物质转换率
Transformed percentage of stem and sheath
matter (%)
抽穗期
Heading stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
S1 N12 T1 5.28±0.03 d 3.57±0.03 b 32.39±0.33 c 34.64±0.45 b
T2 5.53±0.03 c 3.66±0.03 a 33.80±0.84 bc 36.48±1.15 a
T3 5.57±0.04 c 3.66±0.01 a 34.34±0.64 b 36.25±0.26 ab
N18 T1 5.55±0.12 c 3.60±0.01 b 35.17±1.43 ab 36.76±0.23 a
T2 5.85±0.02 a 3.70±0.06 a 36.71±1.20 a 37.64±1.82 a
T3 5.69±0.05 b 3.72±0.03 a 34.64±1.09 b 35.90±0.45 ab
S2 N12 T1 5.14±0.06 f 3.53±0.02 e 31.38±0.65 d 36.64±0.41 cd
T2 5.47±0.10 e 3.56±0.04 e 34.85±0.92 b 37.18±0.30 c
T3 5.59±0.03 d 3.63±0.03 d 35.06±0.80 b 36.20±0.48 d
N18 T1 5.76±0.03 c 3.83±0.03 b 33.51±0.71 c 35.88±0.70 d
T2 6.13±0.02 a 3.88±0.04 a 36.69±0.43 a 41.50±0.69 a
T3 5.87±0.03 b 3.73±0.01 c 36.40±0.18 a 38.98±0.16 b
S3 N12 T1 4.81±0.16 e 2.94±0.02 e 38.85±2.26 b 37.33±0.47 e
T2 5.15±0.14 d 3.12±0.06 d 39.38±0.93 b 39.9±0.56 d
T3 5.47±0.05 c 3.29±0.02 c 39.88±0.30 b 42.47±0.30 b
N18 T1 5.56±0.11 bc 3.32±0.04 c 40.38±0.55 ab 42.82±0.80 b
T2 5.85±0.04 a 3.39±0.01 bc 41.99±0.39 a 46.47±0.49 a
T3 5.69±0.05 ab 3.46±0.02 a 39.19±0.79 b 41.37±0.35 c
播期Seeding stage (S) 47.113** 1129.989** 198.627** 30.832**
氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment (N) 460.934** 498.610** 41.699** 14.633**
施肥时间Fertilization time (T) 98.714** 72.420** 20.506** 6.126**
播期×氮肥处理 S × N 24.793** 74.733** 0.998 1.745
播期×施肥时间 S × T 32.229** 20.684** 6.897** 3.083
播期×氮肥处理×施肥时间 S × N × T 2.771* 17.449** 3.285** 1.472
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