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作物学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 2037-2044.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.02037

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

江苏省中籼水稻品种演进过程中米质的变化

张耗,谈桂露,孙小淋,刘立军,杨建昌*   

  1. 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009
  • 收稿日期:2009-05-08 修回日期:2009-07-17 出版日期:2009-11-12 网络出版日期:2009-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 杨建昌, E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(30671225,30800670)和国家科技攻关计划项目(2006BAD032A13-3-2)资助。

Changes in Grain Quality during the Evolution of Mid-Season Indica Rice Cultivars in Jiangsu Province

ZHANG Hao,TAN Gui-Lu,SUN Xiao-Lin,LIU Li-Jun,YANG Jian-Chang*   

  1. Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yang zhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China
  • Received:2009-05-08 Revised:2009-07-17 Published:2009-11-12 Published online:2009-09-10
  • Contact: 杨建昌, E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn

摘要:

以江苏省近60年来各阶段具有代表性的13个中熟籼稻品种(含杂交稻组合)为材料,依据品种种植年代结合株型特点将其分为早期高秆(ET)、矮秆(DC)、半矮秆常规稻(SDC)、半矮秆杂交稻(SDH)和超级稻(SR) 5个类型,研究了品种演进过程中米质的变化。结果表明,稻米的碾磨品质(糙米率、精米率和整精米率)在同一类品种间有较大差异,在品种演进过程中无明显变化。与早期品种相比,现代品种(半矮秆杂交稻和超级稻)稻米的垩白度显著降低,崩解值变大,消减值变小,稻米中的清蛋白、谷蛋白、赖氨酸、甘氨酸和精氨酸含量显著增加,醇溶蛋白含量显著降低。随着品种演进,产量逐步提高,其原因主要是总颖花量的增加及每穗粒数的显著增多。说明中籼稻品种演进过程中,米质和产量协同提高。

关键词: 中籼水稻, 品质, 产量, 氨基酸, 蛋白质, 演进

Abstract:

Improvement in rice quality is very important in rice production. However, little is known about changes in rice quality during the evolution of cultivars. In this study, 13 typical mid-season indica rice cultivars (including hybrid combinations) applied in the production in Jiangsu Province during the last 60 years were used, and classified into five types of early tall cultivars, dwarf cultivars, semi-dwarf cultivars, semi-dwarf hybrids, and super rice according to their application times, plant types and genotypes. All the tested cultivars were grown in the field and the evolution characteristics of the quality and yield of rice were investigated. Results showed that the milling quality (brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and head milled rice rate) differed within the same type of cultivars, but showed no significant differences between the types. Compared with those of old cultivars (early tall and dwarf cultivars), the chalkiness, setback values and prolamin protein content in grains were significantly decreased, whereas the breakdown values and the contents of albumin and glutelin proteins, lysine, glycine and arginine were significantly increased in grains of modern cultivars (semi-dwarf hybrids, and super rice). Grain yield was progressively increased with the evolution of the cultivars. Increase in grain yield was attributed mainly to the increase in total number of spikelets, which resulted mainly from large panicles. The results suggest that both quality and yield are improved during the evolution for mid-season indica rice cultivars.

Key words: Mid-season indica rice, Quqality, Yield, Amino acids, Protein, Evolution

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