氮肥运筹和栽培方式对杂交籼稻II优498结实期群体光合特性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01650

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以杂交籼稻II优498为材料, 在温江和汉源两种生态条件下, 研究了不同氮肥运筹方式对宽窄行、三角形、扩行减株稀植和抛秧4种栽培方式水稻结实期群体光合生产的影响。结果表明, 随穗肥施用比例的增加, 结实期冠层透光特性得到改善, 抽穗期茎鞘干重、高效叶面积率和有效叶面积率等群体质量指标得到提高, 抽穗后叶面积指数(LAI)和呼吸占群体光合的相对比例(CR/TCAP)有所降低, 而群体光合速率(CAP)在两地的变化趋势并不一致, 温光条件较差的温江点表现为先升后降, 而温光条件较好的汉源点则呈下降趋势。当氮肥运筹为6∶3∶1时, 宽窄行和三角形栽培有利于改善冠层透光特性和群体质量, CAP升高的同时结实中后期CR/TCAP增幅减小, 群体光合生产能力得到提高；当氮肥运筹比例为5∶2∶3时, 扩行减株稀植栽培透光性能和群体质量的增幅最大, CAP升高的同时CR/TCAP并未增加甚至有所减少, 群体光合生产能力高于其他栽培方式；当氮肥运筹比例为4∶1∶5时, 抛秧栽培在温江点有利于改善群体质量和增加光能截获, 结实中后期CAP显著提高的同时CR/TCAP降低, 群体光合生产优势明显, 但温光条件改善后此优势并无体现。因此, 提高水稻群体光合生产能力需结合当地温光条件并针对栽培方式采用适宜的氮肥管理措施。

关键词: 生态条件, 栽培方式, 氮肥运筹, 冠层特性, 群体光合生产

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Wenjiang and Hanyuan using indica hybrid rice Eryou 498. With the cultivation models including wide-narrow row spacing cultivation, triangle cultivation, spreading planting by expanding row spacing and reducing plant space, scattered planting cultivation. The results indicated that with the increase of N application at booting stage, canopy light transmittance performance improved, population quality index including single stem and sheath weight in heading, the ratio of leaf area of productive tillers and ratio of leaf area from flag leaf to 3rd leaf from top of productive tillers increased, leaf area index (LAI) and ratio of canopy respiration to total canopy apparent photosynthesis (CR/TCAP) decreased slightly, canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP) increased first and decreased afterwards at Wenjiang, but showed decreasing trend at Hanyuan. When nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 60% before transplanting, 30% at tillering, and 10% at booting, it was beneficial to improving canopy light transmittance performance and population quality for wide-narrow row spacing cultivation and triangle cultivation, their CAP increased on the premise of no increasing in CR/TCAP, their ability of photosynthetic production improved at last. When nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 50% before transplanting, 30% at tillering, and 20% at booting, the increasing range of canopy light transmittance performance and population quality for spreading planting by expanding row spacing and reducing plant space was greater than that of other cultivation models, its CAP was higher than that of other cultivation models, but CR/TCAP did not increase at the same time, even decreased somewhat, so its capacity of photosynthetic production was higher than that of other cultivation models. When nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 40% before transplanting, 10% at tillering, and 50% at booting, scattered planting cultivation was propitious to improving population quality and interception of light, it had obvious advantages in photosynthetic production by increasing CAP during middle-late period of filling stage and decreasing CR/TCAP, but there was no advantage in photosynthetic production if temperature and light conditions was improved. From above, it was suggested that improving capacity of photosynthetic production should adopt suitable nitrogen application strategy according to ecological condition and cultivation model.

Key words: Ecological condition, Cultivation models, Nitrogen application strategy, Canopy characteristics, Photosynthetic

李旭毅, 孙永健, 程宏彪, 郑洪帧, 杨志远, 贾现文, 刘树金, 胡蓉, 马均. 氮肥运筹和栽培方式对杂交籼稻II优498结实期群体光合特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(09): 1650-1659.

LI Xu-Yi, SUN Yong-Jian, CHENG Hong-Biao, ZHENG Hong-Zheng, YANG Zhi-Yuan, GU Xian-Wen, LIU Shu-Jin, HU Rong, MA Jun. Effects of Nitrogen Application Strategy and Cultivation Model on the Performances of Canopy Apparent Photosynthesis of Indica Hybrid Rice Eryou 498 during Filling Stage[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(09): 1650-1659.

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