地力与施氮量对超级稻产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.02020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以超级稻中熟中粳徐稻3号为供试材料，研究麦茬田高、中、低3种地力水平下施氮肥(0、148.5、223.5、297.0、372.0、445.5 kg hm^-2)对超级稻产量及其构成因素、氮素利用率、稻米品质的影响。结果表明：(1)徐稻3号的产量在不同施氮水平下均表现高地力>中地力>低地力的趋势；高、中、低地力上出现的最高产量对应的最适施氮量分别为260.8 kg hm^-2、290.5 kg hm^-2、345.5 kg hm^-2。(2)氮肥表观利用率与施氮量之间存在显著或极显著的二次相关关系，高、中、低3种地力土壤条件下氮肥最高利用率对应的施氮量分别为268.6 kg hm^-2、293.4 kg hm^-2、335.2 kg hm^-2。(3)培肥地力有利于稻米营养品质、加工品质、蒸煮食味品质的提高，不同地力土壤要施适量氮肥才可以改善稻米的外观品质，优化稻米的营养品质。综合以上超级稻高产、优质、高效的施氮范围，建议该区超级稻施氮范围为高地力田240.0~270.0 kg hm^-2，中地力田285.0~315.0 kg hm^-2，低地力田330.0~360.0 kg hm^-2。

关键词: 超级稻, 地力水平, 施氮量, 产量, 品质, 氮素利用

Abstract: Super rice Xudao 3 was adopted as material, the effect of nitrogen application (0, 148. 5, 223.5, 297.0, 372.0, and 445.5 kg ha^-1) under different soil fertility levels on yield, yield components, nitrogen use efficiency and quality of super rice was studied. Results were as follows: (1) The yield of Xudao 3 showed the trend under the roil with high fertility>medium fertility >low fertility; and the corresponding optimal nitrogenapplication to the highest yield for the three soil fertility levels were 260.8, 290.5, and 345.5 kg ha^-1, respectively. (2) There were significant or highly significant quadratic relationships betweenapparent N recovery efficiency (ANRE) and nitrogen application; andthe corresponding optical application of nitrogen to the highest ANREunder high, medium and low soil fertilities were 268.6, 293.4, and 335.2 kg ha^-1, respectively. (3) Soil fertility optimization was able to improve rice’s nutritional quality, processing quality and cooking-eating quality. And apllying the optimal nitrogen to the soil with different fertility levels could improve the appearance quality of rice and optimize the nutritional quality of rice. Based on the above nitrogen application for high-yield, high quality, efficient nitrogen utilization, we suggested that the nitrogen application of super rice for the soil with high, medium and low soil fertilities were 240–270 kg ha^-1, 285–315 kg·ha^-1, and 330–360 kg ha^-1, respectively.

Key words: Supper rice, Fertility level, Nitrogen application rate, Yield, Quality, Nitrogen utilization

张军, 张洪程, 段祥茂, 徐宗进, 杨波, 郭保卫, 杜斌, 戴其根, 许轲, 霍中洋, 魏海燕. 地力与施氮量对超级稻产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(11): 2020-2029.

ZHANG Jun, ZHANG Hong-Cheng, DUAN Xiang-Mao, XU Zong-Jin, YANG Bei, GUO Bao-Wei, DU Bin, DAI Ji-Gen, HU Ke, HE Zhong-Xiang, WEI Hai-Yan. Effects of Soil Fertility and Nitrogen Application Rates on Super Rice Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(11): 2020-2029.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.02020

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2011/V37/I11/2020

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