氮肥用量及钾肥施用对稻麦周年产量及效益的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.02262

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明优化施氮量与高施氮量下不同钾肥施用处理对稻麦周年产量及效益的影响。本试验于2010年5月–2011年7月在江苏省如皋市农业科学研究所试验基地的田间稻麦轮作条件下，对常规粳稻品种镇稻11和春性中筋品种扬麦16设置了两个氮肥用量下不同钾肥用量及施用方法处理，测定稻麦周年的产量和组成因子，成熟期不同器官的氮、钾浓度和累积量，氮、钾利用效率及经济效益。试验结果表明，钾肥的施用显著提高了周年稻麦的产量，同时提高了稻麦的有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率，钾肥的利用效率和经济效益。稻麦周年钾肥(K₂O)的偏生产力(PFP)、农学效率(AE)、回收利用率(RE)和经济效益均以周年钾肥(K2O)土壤施用150 kg hm^-2 + 叶面喷施16.2 kg hm^-2 (K_S150 + K_F16.2)处理最高。氮肥用量的结果表明，相对于优化施氮量，高施氮量有利于提高水稻的氮素营养而增产，但对稻麦周年产量的影响不显著，且优化施氮量的氮肥利用效率及经济效益均高于高施氮量。因此，综合考虑土壤环境因素、经济效益和肥料资源管理，本地区最佳氮肥(N)用量为水稻200 kg hm^-2，小麦180 kg hm^-2；最佳钾肥(K₂O)用量及方法为水稻土壤施用90 kg hm^-2 + 叶面喷施9.7 kg hm^-2 (K_S90 + K_F9.7)，小麦土壤施用60 kg hm^-2 + 叶面喷施6.5 kg hm^-2 (K_S60 + K_F6.5)。

关键词: 水稻, 小麦, 氮, 钾, 产量, 利用率, 经济效益

Abstract:

To evaluate the effects of different potassium (K) fertilizer application methods with optimal and high nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates on the annual yield and the economic effect of rice and wheat rotation. We conducted a field experiment with rice-wheat rotation in 2010–2011 at Institute of Agriculture Science Research at Rugao County, Jiangsu Province. The rice cultivar “Zhendao 11” (a normal japonica variety) and the wheat cultivar “Yangmai 16” (a spring mid-gluten variety) were used to determine the yield and its components, the N, K concentrations and accumulations , and N, K₂O use efficiencies in individual organs at maturity stage. The results showed that application of K fertilizer could improve the annual grain yield of rice and wheat due to the increase of effective panicles, the number of grains per panicle and ripened grains. The annual grain yield of rice and wheat was significantly different among different treatments of K₂O fertilizer application, and application of K could increase the K₂O fertilizer use efficiency and the economic effect. The highest partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency (AE), the recovery efficiency (RE) and the economic effect of the K₂O fertilizer were all obtained in the treatment applying 150 kg ha^-1 in soil and 16.2 kg ha^-1 by foliar spray ( K_S150+K_F16.2). The high N rate significantly enhanced the yield of rice resulting fromimproving crop N nutrition level. But the annual grain yield of rice and wheat was not significantly different between treatment of the different N rates, and the high N fertilizer rate could result in optimal N fertilizer use efficiency and economic effect. Combined with the soil environment, economic effect, and fertilizer resource management, these results suggested that optimal N rate should be 200 kg ha^-1for rice and 180 kg ha^-1 for wheat, and the optimal K₂O application regime should be 90 kg ha^-1 in soil plus 9.7 kg ha^-1 by foliar spray (K_S90+K_F9.7) for rice and 60 kg ha^-1in soil plus 6.5 kg ha^-1 by foliar spray (K_S60+K_F6.5) for wheat in the experiment area.

Key words: Rice, Wheat, nitrogen, potassium, Yield, Use efficiency, Economic efficiency

郭九信,冯绪猛,胡香玉,田广丽,王伟,陈健,刘田,艾山江?赛衣丁,郭世伟. 氮肥用量及钾肥施用对稻麦周年产量及效益的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(12): 2262-2271.

GUO Jiu-Xin,FENG Xu-Meng,HU Xiang-Yu,TIAN Guang-Li,WANG Wei,CHEN Jian,LIU Tian,SAIYIDING Hasanjan,GUO Shi-Wei. Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers Application on Annual Yield and Economic Effect in Rotation of Rice and Wheat[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39(12): 2262-2271.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.02262

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2013/V39/I12/2262

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