欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 2262-2271.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.02262

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

氮肥用量及钾肥施用对稻麦周年产量及效益的影响

郭九信1,冯绪猛1,胡香玉1,田广丽1,王伟1,陈健2,刘田2,艾山江•赛衣丁1,3,郭世伟1,*   

  1. 1 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院，江苏南京 210095; 2 如皋市农业科学研究所, 江苏南通 226575; 3 克州市农技推广中心, 新疆克州 845350
  • 收稿日期:2013-03-05 修回日期:2013-07-25 出版日期:2013-12-12 网络出版日期:2013-09-29
  • 通讯作者: 郭世伟, E-mail: sguo@njau.edu.cn, Tel: 025-84396393
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2009CB118600)和国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103003和201203013)资助。

Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers Application on Annual Yield and Economic Effect in Rotation of Rice and Wheat

GUO Jiu-Xin1,FENG Xu-Meng1,HU Xiang-Yu1,TIAN Guang-Li1,WANG Wei1,CHEN Jian2,LIU Tian2,SAIYIDING Hasanjan 3,GUO Shi-Wei1,*   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; 2 Institute of Agriculture Science Research, Rugao County, Nantong 226575, China; 3 Agriculture Extension Center of Kezhou City, Kezhou 845350, China 
  • Received:2013-03-05 Revised:2013-07-25 Published:2013-12-12 Published online:2013-09-29

RichHTML

PDF

1199

被引次数

21

摘要：

为探明优化施氮量与高施氮量下不同钾肥施用处理对稻麦周年产量及效益的影响。本试验于2010年5月–2011年7月在江苏省如皋市农业科学研究所试验基地的田间稻麦轮作条件下，对常规粳稻品种镇稻11和春性中筋品种扬麦16设置了两个氮肥用量下不同钾肥用量及施用方法处理，测定稻麦周年的产量和组成因子，成熟期不同器官的氮、钾浓度和累积量，氮、钾利用效率及经济效益。试验结果表明，钾肥的施用显著提高了周年稻麦的产量，同时提高了稻麦的有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率，钾肥的利用效率和经济效益。稻麦周年钾肥(K2O)的偏生产力(PFP)、农学效率(AE)、回收利用率(RE)和经济效益均以周年钾肥(K2O)土壤施用150 kg hm-2 + 叶面喷施16.2 kg hm-2 (KS150 + KF16.2)处理最高。氮肥用量的结果表明，相对于优化施氮量，高施氮量有利于提高水稻的氮素营养而增产，但对稻麦周年产量的影响不显著，且优化施氮量的氮肥利用效率及经济效益均高于高施氮量。因此，综合考虑土壤环境因素、经济效益和肥料资源管理，本地区最佳氮肥(N)用量为水稻200 kg hm-2，小麦180 kg hm-2；最佳钾肥(K2O)用量及方法为水稻土壤施用90 kg hm-2 + 叶面喷施9.7 kg hm-2 (KS90 + KF9.7)，小麦土壤施用60 kg hm-2 + 叶面喷施6.5 kg hm-2 (KS60 + KF6.5)。

关键词: 水稻, 小麦, 氮, 钾, 产量, 利用率, 经济效益

Abstract:

To evaluate the effects of different potassium (K) fertilizer application methods with optimal and high nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates on the annual yield and the economic effect of rice and wheat rotation. We conducted a field experiment with rice-wheat rotation in 2010–2011 at Institute of Agriculture Science Research at Rugao County, Jiangsu Province. The rice cultivar “Zhendao 11” (a normal japonica variety) and the wheat cultivar “Yangmai 16” (a spring mid-gluten variety) were used to determine the yield and its components, the N, K concentrations and accumulations , and N, K2O use efficiencies in individual organs at maturity stage. The results showed that application of K fertilizer could improve the annual grain yield of rice and wheat due to the increase of effective panicles, the number of grains per panicle and ripened grains. The annual grain yield of rice and wheat was significantly different among different treatments of K2O fertilizer application, and application of K could increase the K2O fertilizer use efficiency and the economic effect. The highest partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency (AE), the recovery efficiency (RE) and the economic effect of the K2O fertilizer were all obtained in the treatment applying 150 kg ha-1 in soil and 16.2 kg ha-1 by foliar spray ( KS150+KF16.2). The high N rate significantly enhanced the yield of rice resulting fromimproving crop N nutrition level. But the annual grain yield of rice and wheat was not significantly different between treatment of the different N rates, and the high N fertilizer rate could result in optimal N fertilizer use efficiency and economic effect. Combined with the soil environment, economic effect, and fertilizer resource management, these results suggested that optimal N rate should be 200 kg ha-1 for rice and 180 kg ha-1 for wheat, and the optimal K2O application regime should be 90 kg ha-1 in soil plus 9.7 kg ha-1 by foliar spray (KS90+KF9.7) for rice and 60 kg ha-1 in soil plus 6.5 kg ha-1 by foliar spray (KS60+KF6.5) for wheat in the experiment area.

Key words: Rice, Wheat, nitrogen, potassium, Yield, Use efficiency, Economic efficiency

[1]Zhang F S, Fan M S, Zhang W F. Principles, dissemination and performance of fertilizer best management practices developed in China. Fertilizer Best Management Practices. International Fertilizer Industry Association, 2007. pp 193–201



[2]Peng S-B(彭少兵), Huang J-L(黄建良), Zhong S-H(钟旭华), Yang J-C(杨建昌), Wang G-H(王光火), Zou Y-B(邹应斌), Zhang F-S(张福锁), Zhu Q-S(朱庆森), Roland B, Christian W. Research strategy in improving fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated rice in China. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2002, 35(9): 1095–1103 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[3]Li Q-K(李庆奎). Fertilizer Issues in the Sustainable Development of China Agriculture (中国农业持续发展中的肥料问题). Nanchang: Jiangxi Science and Technology Press, 1997 (in Chinese)



[4]Li R-G(李荣刚). Efficiency and Regulation of Fertilizer Nitrogen in High Yield Farmland: A Case Study on Rice and Wheat Double Maturing System Agriculture Area of Tai Lake for Deducing to Jiangsu Province. PhD Dissertation of China Agricultural University, 2000 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[5]Lü Y(吕耀). The strategy in agricultural non-point source pollution and agricultural sustainable development in Taihu Lake Basin of Southern Jiangsu Province. Environ Sci Trends (环境科学动态), 1998, 17(2): 1–4 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[6]Liu C-L(刘彩玲), Yang S-N(杨松楠), Sui B(隋标), Ma L-H(马立珩), Zhang Y(章莹), Wang P(王萍), Gu S-D(顾锁娣), Xu M(徐茂), Shen Q-R(沈其荣), Guo S-W(郭世伟). Studied on the best nutrient management of rice in Taihu Lake Basin. J Nanjing Agric Univ (南京农业大学学报), 2011, 34(4): 71–76 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[7]Zhang F-S(张福锁). Research Strategy Report in China's Fertilizer Industry and Scientific Fertilization (我国肥料产业与科学施肥战略研究报告). Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2008 (in Chinese)



[8]Bao S-D(鲍士旦), Shi R-H(史瑞和), Xu G-H(徐国华). Effects of potassium on rice, wheat yield and quality. Chin J Soil Sci (土壤通报), 1990, (3): 115–117 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[9]Ali A, Salim M, Zia M S, Mahmood I A, Shahzad A. Performance of rice as affected by foliar application of different K fertilizer sources. Pakistan J Agric Sci, 2005, 42: 38–41



[10]Yang R-Q(杨荣清), Huang B(黄标), Sun W-X(孙维侠), Zou Z(邹忠), Ding F(丁峰), Su J-P(苏建平). Soils and trace elements in the distribution area of longevous people in Rugao county of Jiangsu Province. Acta Pedol Sin (土壤学报), 2005, 42(5): 753–760 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[11]National Soil Survey Office(国家土壤普查办公室). China Soil (中国土壤). Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1998 (in Chinese)



[12]Cassman K G, Peng S, Olk D C. Opportunities for increased nitrogen use efficiency from improved resource management in irrigated rice systems. Field Crops Res, 2006, 96: 37–47



[13]Wu C-Y(吴朝阳), Niu Z(牛铮), Tang Q(汤泉), Huang W-J(黄文江). Effects of N, K fertilization on the relationship between photosynthetic light use efficiency and photochemical reflectance index (PRI). Spectrosc Spect Anal (光谱学与光谱分析), 2009, 29(2): 455–458 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[14]Su P-Z(苏培忠), Liu Y-P(刘义平). Zhong Y-F(钟勇法), Zheng K-Q(郑柯强), Zheng X-Y(郑小燕). Study on effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application in middle-season rice. Acta Agric Jiangxi (江西农业科学), 2009, 21(4): 30–32 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[15]Lester G E, Jifon J L, Makus D J. Supplemental foliar potassium applications with or without a surfactant can enhance netted muskmelon quality. HortScience, 2006, 41(3): 741–744



[16]Szczerba M W, Britto D T, Ali S A, Balkos K D, Kronzucker H J. NH4+-stimulated and -inhibited components of K+ transport in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Exp Bot, 2008, 59(12): 3415–3423



[17]Chen X-Q(陈小琴), Zhou J-M(周健民), Wang H-Y(王火焰), Du C-W(杜昌文). Effect of N varieties application and interaction of N and K fertilizers on rice growth and nutrients uptake. Chin Agric Sci Bull (中国农学通报), 2007, 23(6): 376–382 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[18]Wang G Y, Li C J, Zhang F S. Effects of different nitrogen forms and combination with foliar spraying with 6-enzylaminopurine on growth, transpiration, and water and potassium uptake and flow in tobacco. Plant Soil, 2003, 256: 169–178



[19]Lu Y X, Li C J, Zhang F S. Transpiration, potassium uptake and flow in tobacco as affected by nitrogen forms and nutrient levels. Ann Bot, 2005, 95: 991–998



[20]Wang X-D(王玄德), Shi X-J(石孝均), Song G-Y(宋光煜). Effects of long-term rice straw returning on the fertility and productivity of purplish paddy soil. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2005, 11(3): 302–307 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[21]Yang Y-A(杨玉爱). Perspectives of organic fertilizer research in China. Acta Pedol Sin (土壤学报), 1996, 33(4): 414–421 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[22]Tan Z-J(谭周进), Li Q(李倩), Li J-G(李建国), Tu N-M(屠乃美), Xiao Q-M(肖启明), Zhou Q-M(周清明), Chen X(陈萱). Effect of returning quantity of rice-straw to soil on quantities and activity of microbial in paddy soil. J Agro-Environ Sci (农业环境科学学报), 2006, 25(3): 670–673 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[23]Power J F, Legg J O. Effect of crop residues on the soil chemical environment and nutrient availability. In: Oschwald W R ed. Crop Residue Management Systems. Spec. Publ. 31, Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, 1978. pp 85–100



[24]Dubetz S, Kozub G C, Dormaar J F. Effects of fertilizer, barnyard manure, and crop residues on irrigated crop yields and soil chemical properties. Can J Soil Sci, 1975, 55: 481–490



[25]Power J F, Doran J W, Wilhem W W. Uptake of nitrogen from soil fertilizer and crop residues by no-till corn and Soybeans. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 1986, 50: 137–142



[26]Liu X-Z(刘逊忠). Fixed plots monitoring results and analysis of straw-returning-field. J Guangxi Agric (广西农学报), 2007, 22(3): 15–17 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[27]Xiao X-P(肖小平). Tang H-T(汤海涛), Ji X-H(纪雄辉). Effect of patterns of straw returning to field on contents of available N, K in soil and the later rice growth. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2008, 34(8): 1464–1469 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[28]Regmi A P, Ladha J K, Pasuquin E, Pathak H, Hobbs P R, Shrestha L L, Gharti D B, Duveiller E. The role of potassium in sustaining yields in a long-term rice-wheat experiment in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of Nepal. Biol Fert Soils, 2002, 36: 240–247
[1] 黄婷苗, 于荣, 王朝辉, 黄冬琳, 王森, 靳静静. 不同硒形态和施硒方式对小麦硒吸收利用的影响及残效[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1516-1526.
[2] 胡文静, 李东升, 裔新, 张春梅, 张勇. 小麦穗部性状和株高的QTL定位及育种标记开发和验证[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1346-1356.
[3] 田甜, 陈丽娟, 何华勤. 基于Meta-QTL和RNA-seq的整合分析挖掘水稻抗稻瘟病候选基因[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1372-1388.
[4] 郑崇珂, 周冠华, 牛淑琳, 和亚男, 孙伟, 谢先芝. 水稻早衰突变体esl-H5的表型鉴定与基因定位[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1389-1400.
[5] 周文期, 强晓霞, 王森, 江静雯, 卫万荣. 水稻OsLPL2/PIR基因抗旱耐盐机制研究[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1401-1415.
[6] 郑小龙, 周菁清, 白杨, 邵雅芳, 章林平, 胡培松, 魏祥进. 粳稻不同穗部籽粒的淀粉与垩白品质差异及分子机制[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1425-1436.
[7] 王丹, 周宝元, 马玮, 葛均筑, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 长江中游双季玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1437-1450.
[8] 王旺年, 葛均筑, 杨海昌, 阴法庭, 黄太利, 蒯婕, 王晶, 汪波, 周广生, 傅廷栋. 大田作物在不同盐碱地的饲料价值评价[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1451-1462.
[9] 颜佳倩, 顾逸彪, 薛张逸, 周天阳, 葛芊芊, 张耗, 刘立军, 王志琴, 顾骏飞, 杨建昌, 周振玲, 徐大勇. 耐盐性不同水稻品种对盐胁迫的响应差异及其机制[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1463-1475.
[10] 杨欢, 周颖, 陈平, 杜青, 郑本川, 蒲甜, 温晶, 杨文钰, 雍太文. 玉米-豆科作物带状间套作对养分吸收利用及产量优势的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1476-1487.
[11] 秦璐, 韩配配, 常海滨, 顾炽明, 黄威, 李银水, 廖祥生, 谢立华, 廖星. 甘蓝型油菜耐低氮种质筛选及绿肥应用潜力评价[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1488-1501.
[12] 陈静, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 叶面喷施甜菜碱对不同播期夏玉米产量形成及抗氧化能力的调控[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1502-1515.
[13] 李祎君, 吕厚荃. 气候变化背景下农业气象灾害对东北地区春玉米产量影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1537-1545.
[14] 郭星宇, 刘朋召, 王瑞, 王小利, 李军. 旱地冬小麦产量、氮肥利用率及土壤氮素平衡对降水年型与施氮量的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1262-1272.
[15] 杨建昌, 李超卿, 江贻. 稻米氨基酸含量和组分及其调控[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1037-1050.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备15008789号-2