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作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 1748-1757.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01748

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

干湿交替灌溉条件下不同种稗草对水稻光合特性和产量的影响

张自常1,李永丰1,*,杨霞1,陆凡2,邱光2,李建伟2   

  1. 1江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所,江苏南京210014; 2 江苏省苏科农化有限责任公司,江苏南京210014
  • 收稿日期:2015-03-16 修回日期:2015-07-20 出版日期:2015-11-12 网络出版日期:2015-08-05
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303031),国家自然科学基金项目(31301276)和江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目SCX(13)3063资助。

Effects of Different Species in Echinochloa on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Grain Yield in Rice under Alternate Wetting and Moderate Drying Condition

ZHANG Zi-Chang1,LI Yong-Feng1,*,YANG Xia1,LU Fan2,QIU Guang2,LI Jian-Wei2   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China?; 2 Suke Agro-chemical of Jiangsu Provience Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210014, China
  • Received:2015-03-16 Revised:2015-07-20 Published:2015-11-12 Published online:2015-08-05

摘要:

以两优培九和南粳9108为试验材料,自水稻移栽至成熟分别与无芒稗(T1)、稗(T2)、西来稗(T3)和光头稗(T4)共生,以无稗草水稻处理(CK)为对照,研究干湿交替灌溉条件下不同稗草对水稻光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,稗草对水稻产量的干扰因稗草种和水稻品种的不同而异。稗草种间干扰强度表现为T3>T1>T2>T4两优培九减产率小于南粳9108T1T2T3T4处理后两优培九的减产幅度分别为11.16%~13.78%10.19%~10.60%19.00%~23.79%0.50%~1.57%,除T4外其他处理较对照显著降低;南粳9108的减产幅度分别为38.44%~45.51%31.29%~36.86%54.88%~60.65%8.28%~15.14%,均达显著差异。T1T2T3处理后对两优培九叶面积指数和叶绿体色素含量无显著影响,但使南粳9108的叶面积指数降低和叶绿体色素含量增加。4种处理还显著降低了水稻冠层的透光率、剑叶光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度以及干物质积累量。冠层透光率、光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和成熟期干物质积累量降低以及灌浆期叶绿体色素含量不同程度增加可能是水稻产量降低的重要原因。

关键词: 水稻, 稗草, 干湿交替灌溉, 产量, 光合特性

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of different barnyardgrass species on photosynthetic characteristic and grain yield of rice, two rice cultivars, Liangyoupeijiu (an indica hybrid cultivar) and Nanjing 9108 (a japonica cultivar), were co-cultured with four barnyardgrass species from transplanting to maturity under alternate wetting and moderate drying condition. The treatments were designed as follow: weed free (control), rice with Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis (T1), rice with Echinochloa crusgalli (T2), rice with Echinochloa crusgali var. zelayensis (T3), and rice with Echinochloa colonum (T4). The results showed that the degree of interference of barnyardgrass on rice yield depended on different barnyardgrass species and rice cultivars. The interference intensity of barnyardgrass was in the order of T3>T1>T2>T4, and grain yield loss rate in Liangyoupeijiu was less than that in Nanjing 9108. T1, T2, T3 and T4 treatments respectively reduced 11.16%13.78%, 10.19%10.60%, 19.00%23.79% and 0.50%1.57%, for Liangyoupeijiu of the grain yield and 38.44%45.51%, 31.29%36.86%, 54.88%60.65%, and 8.28%15.14% for Nanjing9108, T1, T2 and T3 significantly reduced rice grain yield, while the effect of T4 was significant for Nanijng 9108 but not for Liangyoupeijiu when compared with CK. Moreover T1, T2, and T3 had no effects on leaf area index and contents of photosynthetic pigments for Liangyoupeijiu, but Nanjing 9108 significantly reduced leaf area index and increased contents of photosynthetic pigments under the same treatment condition. Furthermore, four treatments significantly reduced rice canopy light transmission, leaf photosynthetic rate, stomata conductance, transpiration rate and dry matter accumulation during grain filling stage. The results indicated that the decrease in canopy light transmissionphotosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance and the increase in some degree in contents of photosynthetic pigments during grain filling stage may contribute to grain yield reduction of rice.

Key words: Rice, Barnyardgrass, Alternate wetting and moderate drying, Grain yield, Photosynthetic characteristics

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