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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (04): 581-590.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00581

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

穗分化期外施24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)促进水稻源、库及籽粒灌浆的生理机制

李赞堂1(), 王士银1, 姜雯宇1,2, 张帅1,2, 张少斌2, 徐江1,*()   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京 100081
    2 沈阳农业大学生物科学技术学院, 辽宁沈阳 110866
  • 收稿日期:2017-06-09 接受日期:2018-01-08 出版日期:2018-02-07 网络出版日期:2018-02-07
  • 通讯作者: 徐江
  • 作者简介:

    lizantang@163.com

  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31571589, 31071351), 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB150401)和中国农业科学院创新工程项目资助

Physiological Mechanisms of Promoting Source, Sink, and Grain Filling by 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) Applied at Panicle Initiation Stage of Rice

Zan-Tang LI1(), Shi-Yin WANG1, Wen-Yu JIANG1,2, Shuai ZHANG1,2, Shao-Bin ZHANG2, Jiang XU1,*()   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2 College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2017-06-09 Accepted:2018-01-08 Published:2018-02-07 Published online:2018-02-07
  • Contact: Jiang XU
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571589, 31071351), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, grant No. 2015CB150401), and the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS).

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摘要：

水稻产量高低与其籽粒灌浆能力的强弱密切相关, 而籽粒灌浆能力的强弱受源和库的影响。已有研究表明, 油菜素甾醇类化合物(brassinosteroids, BRs)对水稻生长发育和产量具有正向调节作用。为进一步阐明BRs调控水稻源强、库容和库活性的生理机制及其相互关系, 本研究在大田条件下, 以粳稻日本晴为试验材料, 在穗分化期喷施24-表油菜素内酯(24-epibrassinolid, EBR), 分析其相关影响。首先, 两种不同浓度的EBR处理通过促进光合产物的合成及其在灌浆过程中的转运提高了水稻的源强。其次, 两种浓度EBR处理均增大了水稻的库容, 但两种处理的影响方式存在差异, 低浓度处理(T1) 显著提高水稻籽粒的千粒重, 对穗粒数的影响较小; 高浓度处理(T2)则显著增加单位面积的穗数和穗粒数, 对千粒重的影响较小。再次, 两处理同时提高了水稻强、弱势粒的蔗糖裂解酶活性, 尤其对弱势粒酸性转化酶(acid invertase, AI)活性的影响较大, 有助于光合产物向弱势粒分配, 进而促进弱势粒淀粉合成和籽粒灌浆, 提高其充实度和结实率。最后, 两处理均显著增加了水稻的产量, T1和T2分别平均增加5.6%和15.2%, T2比T1平均增产9.1%。因此, 与低浓度EBR处理下的千粒重增大相比, 高浓度处理下穗粒数的增加对产量影响更大。综上所述, 穗分化期进行EBR处理能够增大水稻的源强、库容和库活性, 进而促进光合物质的积累和分配, 有利于籽粒灌浆; 在光合物质供应充足和库活性显著提高的基础上, 库容的增大有助于产量的明显提高。

关键词: 水稻, 源强, 库容, 库活性, 籽粒灌浆

Abstract:

Grain weight and yield of rice are clearly related to grain filling ability, which is strongly affected by source and sink. Studies of Brassinosteroids’ effects on growth, development and yield of rice have been reported. In order to further set forth the relative physiological characteristics and relationship, we set up field experiments to study the impacts of 24-epibrassinolid (EBR) sprayed at the panicle initiation stage of Nipponbare on source capacity, sink size, sink activity and grain filling. Both T1 (0.2 µmol L-1 EBR) and T2 (1 µmol L-1 EBR) treatments increased the source capacity by improving the accumulation of photosynthate and its translocation during grain filling stage. Both EBR treatments increased the sink size through different manners: T1 treatment increased the grain weight markedly but had little influence on panicle and grain amounts; and T2 treatment significantly increased number of panicles and grains per panicle whereas had little influence on grain weight. Two EBR treatments enhanced the sucrose lyase activity in both superior and inferior grains, especially for the activity of Acid Invertase (AI) in inferior grains. AI accelerated the transportation of photosynthate and the synthesis of starch in inferior grains. T1 and T2 significantly increased rice yield by an average of 5.6% and 15.2%, respectively, with 9.1% more in T2 than in T1. Therefore, compared with grain weight enhancement in T1, the increase of panicle and grain numbers in T2 had greater impact on rice yield. In summary, two EBR treatments at panicle differentiation stage can increase the source capacity, sink size and sink activity of rice, and then promote photosynthates accumulation and distribution, which is beneficial to grain filling. On the basis of sufficient photosynthates and strong sink activity, sink size enlargement can significantly increase the rice yield.

Key words: rice, source capacity, sink size, sink activity, grain filling

图1

初花期和收获期地上部分生物量 A: 2013年地上部分生物量; B: 2014年地上部分生物量。FS: 初花期; HS: 收获期。*和**表示在0.05和0.01水平上处理与对照相比有显著性差异; T0、T1、T2分别表示0、0.2、1.0 µmol L-1的EBR处理。"

图2

叶片和茎鞘中的非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量 A: 初花期的NSC含量; B: 收获期的NSC含量。*和**表示在0.05和0.01水平上处理与对照相比有显著性差异; T0、T1、T2分别表示0、0.2、1.0 µmol L-1的EBR处理。"

图3

灌浆期叶片蔗糖磷酸合酶(SPS)活性及其蔗糖含量*和**分别代表T1在0.05和0.01水平上的显著性; +和++分别代表T2在0.05和0.01水平上的显著性。T0、T1、T2分别表示0、0.2、1.0 µmol L-1的EBR处理。"

表1

2013年和2014年不同处理库容变化"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 单位面积穗数
Panicles per m2		 每穗粒数
Grains
per panicle		 单位面积粒数
Grains per m2 (×103)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)
2013 T0 311.5 bA 96.5 bA 30.0 bB 21.8 bA 7.49 bB
T1 313.0 bA 102.1 abA 32.5 bB 23.8 aA 8.11 bAB
T2 341.7 aA 112.5 aA 38.4 aA 23.0 abA 8.80 aA
2014 T0 311.1 bB 94.4 bA 29.4 bB 23.7 bA 7.54 cB
T1 310.9 bB 99.7 abA 31.0 bB 24.7 aA 7.76 bB
T2 358.4 aA 104.0 aA 37.3 aA 23. 8 bA 8.51 aA
年份Year (Y) 0.70 1.80 3.97 9.79** 0.95
处理Treatment (T) 20.10** 5.86* 75.80** 5.59* 10.99**
互作Y×T 1.10 0.42 0.20 0.93 0.39

图4

灌浆期强、弱势粒中蔗糖裂解酶的活性 A: 强势粒中的SS(蔗糖合酶)活性; B: 弱势粒中的SS活性; C: 强势粒中的AI (酸性转化酶)活性; D: 弱势粒中的AI活性。*和**分别代表T1在0.05和0.01水平上的显著性, +和++分别代表T2在0.05和0.01水平上的显著性。T0、T1、T2分别表示0、0.2、1.0 µmol L-1的EBR处理。"

图5

灌浆期强、弱势粒中NSC积累 A: 强势粒中的NSC积累; B: 弱势粒中的NSC积累。*和**表示在0.05和0.01水平上处理与对照相比有显著差异。T0、T1、T2分别表示0、0.2、1.0 µmol L-1的EBR处理。"

图6

灌浆期强、弱势粒中淀粉积累 A: 强势粒中的淀粉积累; B: 弱势粒中的淀粉积累。*和**表示在0.05和0.01水平上处理与对照相比有显著差异。T0、T1、T2分别表示0、0.2、1.0 µmol L-1的EBR处理。"

图7

收获期强、弱势粒糙米重和结实率 A: 糙米重; B: 结实率。*和**表示在0.05和0.01水平上处理与对照相比有显著差异。T0、T1、T2分别表示0、0.2、1.0 µmol L-1的EBR处理。"

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