应用缩节安(DPC)调控棉花株型的定位定量效应研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84162

作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 1059-1069.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84162

应用缩节安(DPC)调控棉花株型的定位定量效应研究

赵文超^1,²,杜明伟¹,黎芳¹,田晓莉^1,^*(),李召虎¹

1 中国农业大学农学院 / 植物生长调节剂教育部工程研究中心, 北京100193
2 德州市农业科学研究院, 山东德州 253000

收稿日期:2018-11-29 接受日期:2019-01-19 出版日期:2019-07-12 网络出版日期:2019-03-11
通讯作者: 田晓莉
作者简介:赵文超, E-mail: wenchao_jiayou@163.com
基金资助:
本研究由引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)项目(2016-X25)(948 Program 2016-X25);国家现代农业技术体系建设专项(CARS-15-16)

Location- and quantity-based effects of mepiquat chloride application on cotton plant-type

ZHAO Wen-Chao^1,²,DU Ming-Wei¹,LI Fang¹,TIAN Xiao-Li^1,^*(),LI Zhao-Hu¹

1 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University / Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
2 Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253000, Shandong, China

Received:2018-11-29 Accepted:2019-01-19 Published:2019-07-12 Published online:2019-03-11
Contact: Xiao-Li TIAN
Supported by:
This study was supported by the Program of Introducing International Super Agricultural Science and Technology(948 Program 2016-X25);the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-15-16)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

缩节安(1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride, DPC)是棉花生产中广泛应用的植物生长延缓剂, 其调控棉花茎枝生长的定位定量效应尚缺乏系统的量化研究。本研究2013—2014年在田间条件下分别于棉花现蕾期、盛蕾期后、盛花期前、盛花期后和打顶后单次应用不同剂量的DPC, 测量了DPC作用有效期内的棉花株高和主茎生长速率, 探究了所有主茎节间及所有果节对DPC的响应。结果表明, DPC处理对棉花主茎节间的影响范围为N节(应用DPC时的主茎节)以下1~4个和N节以上0~6个(打顶条件下), 对果枝的影响范围为N节以下1~11个和N节以上0~5个, 其中N节以下果枝受影响的果节多于N节以上果枝。将盛蕾期后和盛花期前2次应用DPC的效应叠加, 其影响范围几乎可以覆盖全部主茎节间(果枝始节以上)和全部果节。DPC应用剂量与其作用强度并不总存在较好的线性关系。DPC的定位定量效应除了与应用时间和剂量有关, 还受到温度、降水等环境条件和棉株生物量、源库关系的影响。

关键词: 棉花, 缩节安, 应用时间, 应用剂量, 主茎, 果枝

Abstract:

The plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride (MC; 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride) has been successfully and worldwide used in cotton production. It has been known that MC application time decides its effect location and MC application rate decides its effect strength. However, there were less detailed information on the location- and quantity-based effects of MC on cotton stem and branches. In the present field study, MC was respectively applied at early squaring stage, after peak squaring stage, before peak blooming stage, after peak blooming stage and post-topping stage with a range of rates. We monitored plant height at three days interval during MC valid period, and measured all internodes of stem and fruiting branches prior to harvest. Under the condition of topping in late July, the overall effectiveness scope of MC (across different application times) on main stem ranged from the fourth internode below the uppermost node (named as N) to the sixth internode above N node. In terms of the effectiveness scope of MC on fruiting branches, it covered the 11 fruiting branches below N node and five branches above N node. In addition, the influenced internodes in most fruiting branches below N node were more than those above N node. When we overlaid the effectiveness scopes of MC application after peak squaring and before peak blooming, the effect was covered almost all internodes of both main stem (above the node of the first fruiting branch) and fruiting branches. Moreover, we found that there was not always a good linear relationship between MC rate and its effective strength. Besides application time and rate, the location- and quantity-based effects of MC may depend on temperature, rainfall, plant biomass and source-sink relationship.

Key words: cotton, 1, 1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride, application time, application rate, main stem, fruiting branches

赵文超,杜明伟,黎芳,田晓莉,李召虎. 应用缩节安(DPC)调控棉花株型的定位定量效应研究[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(7): 1059-1069.

ZHAO Wen-Chao,DU Ming-Wei,LI Fang,TIAN Xiao-Li,LI Zhao-Hu. Location- and quantity-based effects of mepiquat chloride application on cotton plant-type[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(7): 1059-1069.

图/表 8

表1

表2

图1

图2

图3

表3

2013年和2014年盛蕾期后、盛花期前和盛花期后应用DPC对果枝长度(1)的影响"

年份Year	生育时期 Growing stage	DPC剂量⁽²⁾ MC rate⁽²⁾	果枝序号 Number of fruit branches
年份Year	生育时期 Growing stage	DPC剂量⁽²⁾ MC rate⁽²⁾	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
2013	盛蕾期后 After peak squaring	CK (cm)	/	29.9	32.6	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
		M1 (%)	/	-4.1%	-5.9%	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
		M2 (%)	/	-9.6%	-18.2%	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
		M3 (%)	/	-13.8%	-11.4%	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
		M4 (%)	/	-9.4%	-16.6%	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
	盛花期前 Before peak blooming	CK (cm)	/	/	/	31.4	31.6	31.5	31.4	32.3	31.0	32.5	30.5	28.9	27.0	25.2	24.2
		M1 (%)	/	/	/	-3.3%	-5.3%	-10.6%	-13.7%	-18.6%	-12.9%	-16.1%	-15.3%	-16.5%	-15.9%	-16.4%	-20.0%
		M2 (%)	/	/	/	-11.5%	-10.9%	-13.1%	-20.1%	-23.7%	-18.1%	-21.5%	-21.3%	-18.2%	-19.8%	-18.9%	-23.7%
		M3 (%)	/	/	/	-9.2%	-11.1%	-16.0%	-19.4%	-26.2%	-21.0%	-25.1%	-21.0%	-24.6%	-25.3%	-24.8%	-29.7%
		M4 (%)	/	/	/	-9.6%	-11.8%	-16.4%	-20.0%	-25.1%	-25.8%	-29.0%	-27.8%	-26.0%	-26.5%	-24.7%	-28.3%
	盛花期后 After peak blooming	CK (cm)	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	31.4	30.9	28.7	27.8	25.9	24.4	24.1
		M1 (%)	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	-11.1%	-14.5%	-16.7%	-20.3%	-19.4%	-14.3%	-20.0%
		M2 (%)	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	-10.8%	-16.2%	-16.3%	-21.5%	-23.2%	-23.6%	-23.3%
		M3 (%)	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	-14.8%	-24.0%	-26.3%	-31.1%	-31.2%	-30.1%	-28.3%
		M4 (%)	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	-18.2%	-26.0%	-26.8%	-33.2%	-34.6%	-34.0%	-38.1%
2014	盛蕾期后 After peak squaring	CK (cm)	25.0	26.6	26.1	25.8	24.5	23.4	23.2	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
		M1 (%)	-6.4%	-17.1%	-16.1%	-18.0%	-15.7%	-13.7%	-18.8%	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
		M2 (%)	-13.1%	-18.8%	-18.1%	-19.2%	-17.8%	-16.1%	-18.0%	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
		M3 (%)	-25.4%	-28.4%	-28.2%	-27.6%	-28.2%	-21.7%	-25.8%	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
		M4 (%)	-24.5%	-24.7%	-30.1%	-30.6%	-29.2%	-25.8%	-25.9%	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
	盛花期前 Before peak blooming	CK (cm)	/	/	/	/	22.5	20.9	20.2	18.8	16.9	15.9	14.7	/	/	/	/
		M1 (%)	/	/	/	/	-7.7%	-13.6%	-19.9%	-26.0%	-23.8%	-19.0%	-18.0%	/	/	/	/
		M2 (%)	/	/	/	/	-16.8%	-24.7%	-36.0%	-40.7%	-38.4%	-29.2%	-34.4%	/	/	/	/
		M3 (%)	/	/	/	/	-18.7%	-24.6%	-31.8%	-38.1%	-36.6%	-36.9%	-36.3%	/	/	/	/
		M4 (%)	/	/	/	/	-17.4%	-25.9%	-33.4%	-39.2%	-41.5%	-43.2%	-29.4%	/	/	/	/
	盛花期后 After peak blooming	CK (cm)	/	/	/	/	/	/	23.4	21.9	22.2	20.8	19.7	/	/	/	/
		M1 (%)	/	/	/	/	/	/	-18.6%	-18.8%	-28.3%	-32.2%	-32.0%	/	/	/	/
		M2 (%)	/	/	/	/	/	/	-16.4%	-16.1%	-26.8%	-30.3%	-31.3%	/	/	/	/
		M3 (%)	/	/	/	/	/	/	-23.6%	-26.0%	-36.2%	-36.2%	-38.6%	/	/	/	/
		M4 (%)	/	/	/	/	/	/	-17.7%	-24.7%	-34.6%	-40.2%	-37.6%	/	/	/	/

表3

图4

图5

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月份 Month	平均温度 Average temperature (°C)			降水量 Rainfall (mm)			日照时数 Sunshine duration (h)
月份 Month	2013	2014	30-year^a	2013	2014	30-year^a	2013	2014	30-year^a
4	12.2	16.6	14.4	8.5	30.8	26.1	270.7	247.4	256.5
5	20.9	22.9	21.4	26.5	38.0	35.3	258.2	316.8	282.1
6	24.6	25.6	25.7	80.1	30.0	66.7	187.3	297.9	244.8
7	26.2	28.2	27.2	279.1	42.4	161.7	187.0	297.6	222.6
8	26.5	26.0	24.8	96.7	93.0	170.9	238.8	302.0	199.1
9	20.2	20.8	19.4	39.2	19.6	64.2	184.3	226.2	209.1
10	12.8	14.6	13.6	5.0	6.8	12.2	169.3	180.1	197.9
平均 Average	20.5	22.1	20.9	—	—	—	—	—	—
总计Total	—	—	—	535.1	260.6	537.0	1495.6	1868.0	1612.3

试验编号 Experiment number	DPC应用时间 MC application time					CK	DPC剂量 MC rate (g hm^-2)
	生育时期 Growth stage	日期 Date (month/day)		主茎节数 Stem nodes			M1	M2	M3	M4
	生育时期 Growth stage	2013	2014	2013	2014		M1	M2	M3	M4
1	现蕾期 Squaring	6/2	6/3	7	7	0	3.8	7.5	11.3	15.0
2	盛蕾期后 After peak squaring	6/14	6/14	12	12	0	7.5	15.0	22.5	30.0
3	盛花期前 Before peak blooming	7/3	7/6	18	17	0	22.5	45.0	67.5	90.0
4	盛花期后 After peak blooming	7/13	7/16	20	18	0	30.0	60.0	90.0	120.0
5	打顶后 Post-topping	7/31	8/2			0	45.0	90.0	135.0	180.0

应用缩节安(DPC)调控棉花株型的定位定量效应研究

Location- and quantity-based effects of mepiquat chloride application on cotton plant-type

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