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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (12): 3162-3175.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.34034

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘蓝型油菜种质资源田间耐渍性评价和耐渍种质资源筛选

李继军1(), 陈雅慧1,2, 王艺瑾1, 周志华1, 郭子越3, 张建3, 涂金星1, 姚璇1,*(), 郭亮1,*()   

  1. 1华中农业大学植物科学技术学院 / 作物遗传改良全国重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070
    2承德市农林科学院, 河北承德 067000
    3华中农业大学资源与环境学院 / 宏观农业研究院, 湖北武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-22 接受日期:2023-05-24 出版日期:2023-12-12 网络出版日期:2023-06-13
  • 通讯作者: * 郭亮, E-mail: guoliang@mail.hzau.edu.cn; 姚璇, E-mail: xuanyao@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: liy0234@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1200400);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021ABA011)

Evaluation of field waterlogging tolerance and selection of waterlogging-resistant germplasm resources of Brassica napus L.

LI Ji-Jun1(), CHEN Ya-Hui1,2, WANG Yi-Jin1, ZHOU Zhi-Hua1, GUO Zi-Yue3, ZHANG Jian3, TU Jin-Xing1, YAO Xuan1,*(), GUO Liang1,*()   

  1. 1College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University / National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2Chengde Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
    3College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University / Macro Agriculture Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2023-02-22 Accepted:2023-05-24 Published:2023-12-12 Published online:2023-06-13
  • Contact: * E-mail: guoliang@mail.hzau.edu.cn; E-mail: xuanyao@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200400);Key Research and Development Plan of Hubei Province(2021ABA011)

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摘要：

甘蓝型油菜是我国最重要的油料作物之一, 其生产过程中具有较高的渍害发生风险。为了评价甘蓝型油菜田间耐渍性以及筛选稳定的耐渍种质资源, 本研究首先在盆栽条件下确定了苗期耐渍性鉴定的适宜渍水时间, 随后在大田试验中对505份种质资源进行了田间耐渍性的综合评价和比较, 并筛选了稳定的极端材料。盆栽试验结果表明, 甘蓝型油菜的生长在渍水超过4 d时开始受到影响, 在渍水约10 d时生长受到严重抑制。2年的田间试验中, 利用无人机表型采集平台提取到27个指标, 通过因子分析将其转化成了2个公因子, 公因子1代表了甘蓝型油菜渍水条件下的生长状态, 公因子2代表了生理状态。根据2个公因子的载荷与方差贡献率计算出的耐渍性综合评价值(D值)将甘蓝型油菜种质资源的耐渍性划分为4个类型。其中, 极端耐渍型(I型)包含99份种质资源、耐渍型(II型) 200份种质资源、敏感型(III型) 187份种质资源、极端敏感型(IV型) 19份种质资源。通过2022年的大田试验对上述结果进行进一步验证和筛选, 共鉴定到9份稳定的渍水敏感材料和9份稳定的耐渍材料。而且, 2年的试验结果显示植被指数MTVI2D、MCARI2D与耐渍性综合评价值(D值)相关性都高于0.76, 可用于对油菜耐渍性快速、高效的综合评价。总之, 本研究建立了甘蓝型油菜田间耐渍性评价体系以及耐渍性快速和综合评价方法, 解析了甘蓝型油菜种质资源的耐渍性类型, 鉴定到了稳定的耐渍和敏感材料, 为甘蓝型油菜耐渍性的研究和遗传改良提供了可靠的评价方法和重要的种质资源。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 种质资源, 苗期, 耐渍性, 综合评价

Abstract:

Brassica napus L. (B. napus) is one of the most important oil crops in China, and has high risk of waterlogging stress during its production. The objective of this study is to evaluate the field waterlogging tolerance and screen stable waterlogging-resistant germplasm resources. The appropriate waterlogging duration for waterlogging tolerance identification was determined under pot conditions first, and then the comprehensive evaluation and comparison of the waterlogging tolerance of 505 germplasm resources of B. napus were carried out. The stable extreme materials were screened in field experiments. The results showed that the growth of B. napus plants began to be affected after four-day-waterlogging, and severely inhibited after about 10-day-waterlogging under pot conditions. In the two-year field experiment, 27 indexes extracted using the UAV phenotype acquisition platform were converted into two common factors by factor analysis. The common factor 1 represented the growth state of B. napus under waterlogging, and the common factor 2 represented the physiological state. The comprehensive evaluation value of waterlogging resistance (D-value), which was calculated according to the load and variance contribution rate of the two common factors, divided the waterlogging resistance of B. napus germplasm resources into four types, including extremely waterlogging resistant type (Cluster I, 99 materials), waterlogging resistant type (Cluster II, 200 materials), sensitive type (Cluster III, 187 materials), and extremely sensitive type (Cluster IV, 19 materials). In the two-year field experiment, nine stable waterlogging sensitive materials and nine resistant materials were identified, and the results were confirmed by the field experiments in 2022. Moreover, in the two-year experiment, the vegetation indexes, MTVI2D, and MCARI2D had high correlations with the D-value, and the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.76, which can be used for rapid and efficient comprehensive evaluation of B. napus waterlogging resistance. In conclusion, the evaluation system and rapid and comprehensive evaluation methods for waterlogging tolerance of B. napus in the field were established, which were applied to analyze the types of waterlogging tolerance of B. napus germplasm resources and identify the stable waterlogging resistant and sensitive materials in this study, providing reliable evaluation methods and important germplasm resources for the research and genetic improvement of waterlogging resistance of B. napus.

Key words: Brassica napus L., germplasm resources, seedling stage, waterlogging tolerance, the comprehensive evaluation

表1

盆栽试验中使用的10份甘蓝型油菜自交系详单"

材料名称Material name 来源Origin 亚群Group
Santana 德国 Germany 半冬性 Semi-winter
中双9号 Zhongshuang 9 中国湖北 Hubei, China 半冬性 Semi-winter
中双11号 Zhongshuang 11 中国湖北 Hubei, China 半冬性 Semi-winter
中油821Q Zhongyou 821Q 中国湖北 Hubei, China 半冬性 Semi-winter
华双2号 Huashuang 2 中国湖北 Hubei, China 半冬性 Semi-winter
浙油18 Zheyou 18 中国浙江 Zhejiang, China 半冬性 Semi-winter
沪油19 Huyou 19 中国上海 Shanghai, China 半冬性 Semi-winter
皖油20号 Wanyou 20 中国安徽 Anhui, China 半冬性 Semi-winter
四达 Star 加拿大 Canada 春性 Spring
陇油4号 Longyou 4 中国甘肃 Gansu, China 春性 Spring

图1

不同渍水时间下甘蓝型油菜生长和生理指标的变化 A: 绿叶数; B: 株高; C: 茎鲜重; D: 可溶性糖; E: 脯氨酸; F: 相对电导率; G: 叶绿素a; H: 叶绿素b; I: 类胡萝卜素的动态变化。图中数值为平均值±标准误(n = 10), 同一图中的不同字母表示不同时间点之间存在显著性差异(P < 0.05)。"

图2

甘蓝型油菜渍水后的田间表现 A: 甘蓝型油菜渍水前后的整体生长变化情况。渍水后, 油菜出现B: 叶片衰老黄化、C: 功能叶焦枯、D: 叶片花青素积累、E: 根系腐烂、F: 植株倒伏、G: 死亡等典型的表型。"

表2

505份甘蓝型油菜种质资源在渍水胁迫下各性状描述统计"

性状
Trait		 2017 2018
极小值
Min.		 极大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 极小值
Min.		 极大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD
CVM (m3) 0 0.039 0.006 0.006 0.001 0.272 0.099 0.060
GCC 0.003 0.232 0.050 0.032 0.072 0.632 0.443 0.127
PCC 0.002 0.122 0.039 0.021 0 0.237 0.026 0.033
PH (m) 0.006 0.236 0.069 0.041 0.007 0.435 0.192 0.090
RGB-CIVE 0.022 0.126 0.078 0.016 18.689 18.812 18.751 0.028
RGB-ExG 0.003 0.248 0.101 0.042 -0.041 0.257 0.106 0.069
RGB-ExG-ExR -0.020 0.213 0.059 0.045 -0.255 0.230 -0.024 0.114
RGB-ExR 0.095 0.230 0.182 0.023 0.021 0.224 0.130 0.046
RGB-NDI -0.094 0.060 -0.035 0.025 -0.092 0.144 0.019 0.054
CIVE 18.756 18.796 18.777 0.006 18.732 18.778 18.755 0.008
DVI 0.195 0.558 0.334 0.059 0.093 0.442 0.277 0.067
ExG -0.068 0.439 0.161 0.082 0.214 0.914 0.595 0.150
ExG-ExR -0.350 0.511 0.030 0.143 0.118 1.314 0.770 0.261
ExR -0.072 0.283 0.131 0.064 -0.400 0.096 -0.175 0.111
GNDVI 0.498 0.834 0.671 0.056 0.324 0.742 0.607 0.072
MCARI2D 0.232 0.747 0.455 0.089 0.158 0.829 0.516 0.138
MSARI2D 0.290 0.749 0.494 0.079 0.162 0.729 0.474 0.113
MTVI2D 0.232 0.747 0.455 0.089 0.158 0.829 0.516 0.138
NDI -0.152 0.254 0.024 0.070 0.064 0.579 0.352 0.117
NDVI 0.471 0.862 0.672 0.068 0.415 0.907 0.770 0.094
NDVI705 0.350 0.721 0.540 0.068 0.397 0.837 0.698 0.087
R31 2.063 6.000 3.597 0.612 1.896 4.125 2.914 0.347
RDVI 0.297 0.680 0.468 0.064 0.198 0.629 0.455 0.083
RVI 3.221 15.680 6.621 1.981 2.575 23.930 10.989 4.539
SAVI 0.309 0.708 0.490 0.067 0.193 0.664 0.470 0.092
SQIRDR 1.750 3.813 2.473 0.349 1.595 4.779 3.167 0.688
TNDVI 0.983 1.167 1.080 0.032 0.952 1.186 1.125 0.043

图3

甘蓝型油菜各性状隶属函数值的相关性分析 缩写同表2。"

表3

甘蓝型油菜各指标的公因子方差贡献率"

年份
Year		 公因子
Common factor		 初始特征值
Initial eigenvalue		 方差贡献率
Explained variance (%)		 累计方差贡献率
Accumulative explained variance (%)
2017 1 18.5 68.4 68.4
2 5.5 20.3 88.7
3 1.1 3.9 92.6
2018 1 23.0 85.3 85.3
2 2.1 7.7 93.1

表4

公因子载荷矩阵"

性状
Trait		 2017 2018
公因子1 Factor 1 公因子2 Factor 2 公因子3 Factor 3 公因子1 Factor 1 公因子2 Factor 2
CVM (m3) 0.821 0.001 0.476 0.919 -0.050
GCC 0.848 -0.034 0.377 0.975 -0.032
PCC -0.283 0.822 0.081 -0.590 0.573
PH (m) 0.835 0.192 0.308 0.878 -0.005
RGB-CIVE -0.538 0.770 0.109 -0.955 0.185
RGB-ExG 0.834 -0.478 0.078 0.951 -0.195
RGB-ExG-ExR 0.725 -0.338 0.273 0.965 -0.137
RGB-ExR -0.905 0.035 -0.339 -0.964 0.049
RGB-NDI 0.920 -0.149 0.293 0.968 -0.070
CIVE -0.629 0.713 0.215 -0.765 0.505
DVI 0.903 0.313 -0.115 0.954 0.129
ExG 0.762 -0.589 -0.162 0.950 -0.249
ExG-ExR 0.790 -0.579 -0.135 0.961 -0.224
ExR -0.786 0.539 0.094 -0.970 0.189
GNDVI 0.678 0.710 -0.051 0.830 0.526
MCARI2D 0.971 0.172 -0.121 0.985 0.058
MSARI2D 0.932 0.306 -0.126 0.971 0.136
MTVI2D 0.971 0.172 -0.121 0.985 0.058
NDI 0.791 -0.549 -0.103 0.972 -0.181
NDVI 0.937 0.289 -0.134 0.965 0.192
NDVI705 0.919 0.297 -0.182 0.971 0.173
R31 0.415 0.854 -0.088 0.424 0.851
RDVI 0.929 0.310 -0.132 0.972 0.153
RVI 0.923 0.203 0.019 0.958 0.104
SAVI 0.927 0.310 -0.139 0.969 0.150
SQIRDR 0.949 0.237 -0.016 0.976 0.126
TNDVI 0.933 0.292 -0.146 0.960 0.198

图4

505份甘蓝型油菜种质资源耐渍性 A: 甘蓝型油菜自然群体渍水胁迫下综合评价值的频数分布图。B: 不同亚群种质资源的耐渍性。C: 不同类群种质资源的综合耐渍性。D: 甘蓝型油菜自然群体耐渍性的聚类分析。I: 极端耐渍型; II: 较耐渍型; III: 较敏感型; IV: 极端敏感型。E: 在2022年的田间试验中再次验证2年试验共同鉴定的极端耐渍种质资源的表型。F: 在2022年的田间试验中再次验证2年试验共同鉴定的极端敏感种质资源的表型。同一图中的不同字母表示数据集之间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。"

表5

极端耐渍和敏感材料的聚类情况和综合表现"

材料类型 Material type 材料名称
Material name		 来源
Origin		 亚群
Group		 类群 Cluster D值 D-value
2017 2018
耐渍
Resistant		 1281 中国湖南 Hunan, China 半冬性 Semi-winter I 1.17 1.11
2012-3546 中国湖北 Hubei, China 半冬性 Semi-winter I 0.90 1.03
华双2号 Huashuang 2 中国湖北 Hubei, China 半冬性 Semi-winter I 0.82 1.15
崇23 Chong 23 中国湖北 Hubei, China 半冬性 Semi-winter I 0.87 1.09
Swu64 中国重庆 Chongqing, China 半冬性 Semi-winter I 0.77 1.15
Swu89 中国重庆 Chongqing, China 半冬性 Semi-winter I 1.03 1.13
Swu104 中国重庆 Chongqing, China 半冬性 Semi-winter I 1.23 1.09
Swu110 中国重庆 Chongqing, China 半冬性 Semi-winter I 0.89 1.32
Swu113 中国重庆 Chongqing, China 半冬性 Semi-winter I 0.91 1.08
敏感
Sensitive		 Nca 中国湖北 Hubei, China 半冬性 Semi-winter III -0.80 -1.20
11-育7-125 11-yu 7-125 中国湖北 Hubei, China 半冬性 Semi-winter III -0.90 -0.95
华双128 Huashuang 128 中国湖北 Hubei, China 半冬性 Semi-winter III -0.79 -0.95
甲922 Jia 922 中国湖北 Hubei, China 半冬性 Semi-winter III -0.91 -1.03
Swu100 中国重庆 Chongqing, China 半冬性 Semi-winter III -1.03 -1.12
B431 丹麦 Denmark 春性 Spring IV -1.40 -1.64
964 中国甘肃 Gansu, China 冬性 Winter IV -1.12 -1.48
Swu95 中国重庆 Chongqing, China 半冬性 Semi-winter IV -1.33 -1.15
Swu96 中国重庆 Chongqing, China 半冬性 Semi-winter IV -1.05 -1.31

图5

甘蓝型油菜种质资源耐渍性的评价方法和关键指标 A: 2017年甘蓝型油菜种质资源综合评价值(D)与预测值(D')之间的相关性。B: 2018年甘蓝型油菜种质资源综合评价值(D)与预测值(D')之间的相关性。C: 27个指标与D值之间的相关性。"

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