侧深施控释氮肥运筹方式对水稻产量、NH3挥发和温室气体排放的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32036

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (6): 1525-1539.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32036

侧深施控释氮肥运筹方式对水稻产量、NH₃挥发和温室气体排放的影响

郭松¹(), 郭慧婷², 张裕梁², 钱紫慧², 王子君¹, 路佳明², 汪源², 赵灿², 王维领², 张洪程², 杨凤萍¹^,^*(), 霍中洋²^,^*()

¹扬州大学生物科学与技术学院行为生态学实验室, 江苏扬州 225009
²江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点, 江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2023-09-13 接受日期:2024-01-31 出版日期:2024-06-12 网络出版日期:2024-02-27
通讯作者: * 杨凤萍, E-mail: fpyang@yzu.edu.cn;霍中洋, E-mail: huozy69@163.com
作者简介:E-mail: 1004751420@qq.com
基金资助:
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金(CX(22)1001);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022424)

Effects of side deep placement of controlled release nitrogen management on rice yield, NH₃, and greenhouse gas emissions

GUO Song¹(), GUO Hui-Ting², ZHANG Yu-Liang², QIAN Zi-Hui², WANG Zi-Jun¹, LU Jia-Ming², WANG Yuan², ZHAO Can², WANG Wei-Ling², ZHANG Hong-Cheng², YANG Feng-Ping¹^,^*(), HUO Zhong-Yang²^,^*()

¹Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
²Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2023-09-13 Accepted:2024-01-31 Published:2024-06-12 Published online:2024-02-27
Contact: * E-mail: fpyang@yzu.edu.cn;E-mail: huozy69@163.com
Supported by:
Jiangsu Province Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Fund Project(CX(22)1001);Jiangsu Province Carbon Peak Carbon Neutral Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund Project(BE2022424)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为建立机插稻高产低碳减排的控释氮肥施用技术, 以迟熟中粳南粳9108、泰香粳1402为材料, 选用控释期100 d、43%树脂包膜缓释氮肥与46%速效尿素为氮肥, 分别设置基穗氮肥比例为10:0 (NM1)、8:2 (NM2)、7:3 (NM3)与6:4 (NM4)不同运筹方式处理, 基肥采用侧深施肥方法, 控释氮肥与速效尿素比例均为5:5, 穗氮肥为尿素, 并设置常规施肥(FFT)与不施氮肥(0N)对照处理, 研究不同氮肥运筹方式对水稻产量、NH₃挥发和温室气体排放的影响。结果表明: 与FFT处理相比, 侧深施控释氮肥推迟NH₃挥发峰值出现, 避免分蘖期NH₃挥发峰值产生, 穗期追施尿素后的NH₃挥发通量和平均NH₃挥发通量显著降低, NH₃累积损失总量降低25.33%~48.76%, NH₃排放系数降低29.14%~60.81%, 单位产量NH₃排放强度显著降低29.60%~56.01%。与FFT处理相比, 侧深施控释氮肥分蘖期和抽穗后的CH₄排放通量显著降低, 搁田期和穗期追施尿素后的N₂O排放通量显著降低, CH₄排放累积总量降低20.20%~55.04%, CH₄减排率随基穗氮肥比例变小而降低, N₂O排放累积总量降低25.56%~61.56%, N₂O减排率表现为NM1>NM3>NM2>NM4, GWP和GHGI分别降低20.96%~53.35%、25.91%~55.40%。品种间NH₃挥发和温室气体规律一致, 减排效果均表现为NM1>NM3>NM2>NM4。综合考虑经济、生态效益, NM1处理氨挥发和温室气体减排效果最佳, 且比NM3和FFT处理减少施肥次数1~2次, 利于水稻绿色轻简规模化生产; NM3处理增产率最高且NH₃挥发和温室气体减排效果仅次NM1, 实现丰产减排协同进行。综上, 本文探索出一套适配迟熟中粳减排增产的控释氮肥施肥方式, 重点发现“轻简+减排”型施肥方式NM1和“丰产+减排”型施肥方式NM3。

关键词: 控释氮肥, 运筹方式, NH₃挥发, CH₄, N₂O, 减排

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to establish controlled-release nitrogen fertilization technology for achieving high yield and reduce carbon emissions. Two late-maturing medium japonica rice varieties, Nanjing 9108 and Taixiangjing 1402, were selected in this study. The controlled-release fertilizer with resin-coated urea (N 43%, the longevity was 100 d) and common urea (46% N) were used as nitrogen fertilizers. Different ratios of basal and panicle nitrogen fertilizers were set for different treatments of 10 : 0 (NM1), 8 : 2 (NM2), 7 : 3 (NM3), and 6 : 4 (NM4). The basal fertilizer was applied using the side-deep fertilization method, with a ratio of 5:5 for resin-coated urea and common urea. The panicle nitrogen fertilizer was common urea. Conventional fertilization (FFT) and no nitrogen fertilizer (0N) control treatments were also included. The effect of different nitrogen fertilizer application methods on rice yield, NH₃ volatilization, and greenhouse gas emissions were investigated. The results showed that the side-deep application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer delayed the peak of NH₃ volatilization, preventing it from occurring at tillering stage compared to the FFT treatment. In addition, the flux of NH₃ volatilization and the average flux after topdressing were significantly reduced by the side-deep application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer. The NH₃ emission accumulation, NH₃ emission factor, and NH₃ emission intensity were reduced by 25.33%-48.76%, 29.14%-60.81%, and 29.60%-56.01%, respectively. Furthermore, the CH₄ emission fluxes were significantly reduced at tillering stage and after heading stage. The N₂O emission fluxes were also significantly reduced during the shelving and heading period. The CH₄ and N₂O emission accumulation were reduced by 20.20%-55.04% and 25.56%-61.56%, respectively. The CH₄ emission reduction rate decreased as the proportion of basal and panicle fertilizer decreased. The N₂O emission reduction rate followed the order of NM1 > NM3 > NM2 > NM4. The GWP and GHGI were reduced by 20.96%-53.35% and 25.91%-55.40%, respectively. Considering the economic and ecological benefits, NM1 treatment had the best effect on the reduction of NH₃ volatilization and greenhouse gas emissions. NM1 treatment reduced the number of fertilization times 1-2 compared with the NM3 and FFT treatments, which was advantageous for achieving green, simple, and large-scale rice production. NM3 treatment exhibited the highest increase in yield, and its impact on reducing NH₃ volatilization and greenhouse gas emissions was second only to NM1 treatment. In summary, the present study explored a set of controlled-release nitrogen fertilization method (NM1 and NM3 focused on “light and simple + emission reduction” and “high yield + emission reduction”, respectively) suitable for reducing emission and increasing yield of late-maturing medium japonica rice.

Key words: controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, fertilization technology, NH₃ volatilization, CH₄, N₂O, emission reduction

郭松, 郭慧婷, 张裕梁, 钱紫慧, 王子君, 路佳明, 汪源, 赵灿, 王维领, 张洪程, 杨凤萍, 霍中洋. 侧深施控释氮肥运筹方式对水稻产量、NH₃挥发和温室气体排放的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(6): 1525-1539.

GUO Song, GUO Hui-Ting, ZHANG Yu-Liang, QIAN Zi-Hui, WANG Zi-Jun, LU Jia-Ming, WANG Yuan, ZHAO Can, WANG Wei-Ling, ZHANG Hong-Cheng, YANG Feng-Ping, HUO Zhong-Yang. Effects of side deep placement of controlled release nitrogen management on rice yield, NH₃, and greenhouse gas emissions[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(6): 1525-1539.

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处理 Treatment	基肥 Base fertilizer		分蘖肥 (普通尿素) Tillering fertilizer (common urea) (%)	穗肥 (普通尿素) Spike fertilizer (common urea) (%)	总氮肥 Total N (kg hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	基肥比 Proportion of base fertilizer (%)	缓速比 Ratio of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer to available nitrogen fertilizer	分蘖肥 (普通尿素) Tillering fertilizer (common urea) (%)	穗肥 (普通尿素) Spike fertilizer (common urea) (%)	总氮肥 Total N (kg hm^-2)
不施肥处理0N	0	/	0	0	0
农民施肥FFT	35	/	35%	30	270
100%基肥NM1	100	5 : 5	0	0	270
80%基肥+20%穗肥NM2	80	5 : 5	0	20	270
70%基肥+30%穗肥NM3	70	5 : 5	0	30	270
60%基肥+40%穗肥NM4	60	5 : 5	0	40	270

处理 Treatment	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108			泰香粳1402 Taixiangjing 1402
处理 Treatment	基肥 Basic fertilizer	分蘖肥 Tillering fertilizer	穗肥 Spike fertilizer	基肥 Basic fertilizer	分蘖肥 Tillering fertilizer	穗肥 Spike fertilizer
0N	0.22±0.00 f	0.30±0.02 e	0.14±0.00 f	0.12±0.00 f	0.31±0.02 d	0.28±0.00 f
FFT	8.82±0.00 a	9.75±0.01 a	7.96±0.01 a	9.42±0.00 a	10.05±0.02 a	5.56±0.01 a
NM1	7.98±0.01 b	0.93±0.05 b	0.47±0.06 e	7.68±0.01 d	1.93±0.05 b	0.41±0.00 e
NM2	7.83±0.08 c	0.81±0.05 c	4.10±0.02 d	8.70±0.09 c	0.57±0.00 c	4.04±0.01 d
NM3	7.39±0.01 d	0.54±0.00 d	4.38±0.02 c	7.12±0.01 e	0.54±0.00 c	4.37±0.00 c
NM4	5.92±0.01 e	0.90±0.01 b	5.82±0.02 b	8.94±0.08 b	0.05±0.03 e	4.61±0.01 b

品种 Variety	处理 Treat- ment	移栽-拔节期T-J		拔节期-抽穗期J-H		抽穗-成熟期H-M		移栽-成熟期T-M
品种 Variety	处理 Treat- ment	NEA (kg N hm^-2)	RNE (%)	NEA (kg N hm^-2)	RNE (%)	NEA (kg N hm^-2)	RNE (%)	NEA (kg N hm^-2)	RNE (%)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	0N	9.38±0.02 f		7.24±0.11 f		9.58±0.27 d		26.20±0.36 f
	FFT	73.55±0.50 a		46.25±0.06 a		9.40±0.52 d		129.21±0.03 a
	NM1	40.48±0.18 b	44.97	14.09±0.71 e	69.53	12.00±0.29 ab	-27.57	66.57±0.59 e	48.48
	NM2	34.69±0.75 c	52.83	29.32±0.06 c	36.60	12.73±0.02 a	-35.31	76.74±0.67 c	40.61
	NM3	31.74±0.08 e	56.84	26.54±0.14 d	42.61	11.62±0.01 bc	-23.59	69.91±0.07 d	45.90
	NM4	33.10±0.31 d	55.00	36.99±0.74 b	20.02	10.88±0.22 c	-15.68	80.97±0.65 b	37.33
泰香梗1402 Taixiang- jing 1402	0N	5.20±0.35 e		4.82±0.13 f		5.04±0.12 e		15.06±0.59 f
	FFT	65.80±0.15 a		45.05±0.30 a		4.35±0.45 f		115.20±0.90 a
	NM1	39.47±0.67 b	40.01	10.51±0.19 e	76.68	9.05±0.29 d	-108.14	59.03±0.57 e	48.76
	NM2	37.18±0.29 c	43.49	28.48±0.11 c	36.78	16.65±0.20 b	-283.05	82.32±0.37 c	28.54
	NM3	31.21±0.09 d	52.56	26.24±0.65 d	41.76	10.47±0.56 c	-140.74	67.91±0.18 d	41.04
	NM4	36.72±0.21 c	44.19	31.77±0.00 b	29.47	17.52±0.20 a	-303.04	86.01±0.41 b	25.33

处理 Treatment	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108				泰香粳1402 Taixiangjing 1402
处理 Treatment	第1峰值 First peak (mg m^-2 h^-1)	第2峰值 Second peak (mg m^-2 h^-1)	第3峰值 Third peak (mg m^-2 h^-1)	平均CH₄排放通量 Average CH₄ emission flux (mg m^-2 h^-1)	第1峰值 First peak (mg m^-2 h^-1)	第2峰值 Second peak (mg m^-2 h^-1)	第3峰值 Third peak (mg m^-2 h^-1)	平均CH₄排放通量 Average CH₄ emission flux (mg m^-2 h^-1)
CK	13.70±0.13 e	19.23±0.20 d	2.41±0.01 e	3.41±0.02 f	32.34±0.01 f	28.45±0.14 c	4.45±0.14 f	4.51±0.05 f
FFT	69.43±0.73 a	17.34±0.01 e	9.56±0.36 a	10.58±0.02 a	101.25±2.76 a	42.52±0.00 a	13.31±0.06 a	15.70±0.12 a
NM1	42.51±0.27 d	12.95±0.55 f	7.48±0.06 b	6.00±0.02 e	51.48±0.06 d	23.32±0.01 e	12.23±0.13 b	6.88±0.04 e
NM2	56.70±0.19 b	23.04±0.04 c	5.28±0.03 d	6.92±0.01 d	42.75±0.65 e	15.32±0.30 f	9.08±0.01 c	7.37±0.01 d
NM3	43.98±1.21 d	28.21±0.21 a	6.21±0.21 c	7.11±0.07 c	63.38±0.02 c	27.29±0.50 d	7.72±0.02 d	7.90±0.07 c
NM4	53.24±0.18 c	25.38±0.03 b	2.53±0.13 e	7.97±0.01 b	72.23±0.76 b	38.40±0.09 b	7.42±0.04 e	8.47±0.06 b

品种 Variety	处理Treatment	N₂O排放通量峰值 Peak value of N₂O emission flux (µg m^-2 h^-1)				平均N₂O排放通量 Average N₂O emission flux (µg m^-2 h^-1)
品种 Variety	处理Treatment	基肥 Base fertilizer	分蘖肥 Tillering fertilizer	搁田期 Field drying stage	穗肥 Earing fertilizer	平均N₂O排放通量 Average N₂O emission flux (µg m^-2 h^-1)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	CK	16.99±1.04 f	41.29±0.54 de	207.17±4.24 f	21.66±0.29 f	35.42±0.56 f
	FFT	356.59±1.15 c	266.47±3.23 a	732.37±0.49 a	1986.04±3.14 a	303.15±0.38 a
	NM1	420.58±0.46 a	76.98±3.94 c	654.80±4.14 b	107.53±0.39 e	132.34±0.31 e
	NM2	386.11±4.16 b	46.89±5.64 d	536.76±0.30 d	645.20±4.12 d	161.63±0.21 c
	NM3	341.11±2.34 d	35.46±1.93 e	503.78±2.11 e	712.09±1.65 c	147.00±0.17 d
	NM4	285.58±2.35 e	94.81±4.23 b	645.25±0.30 c	908.12±4.59 b	184.99±0.78 b
泰香梗1402 Taixiangjing 1402	CK	19.36±0.07 f	26.95±2.47 d	136.71±3.85 f	49.11±0.04 f	45.34±0.21 f
	FFT	523.90±3.01 c	432.79±2.15 a	620.62±2.18 a	1570.49±2.96 a	260.39±0.51 a
	NM1	752.41±1.43 a	65.86±1.53 b	577.67±1.29 b	73.47±0.25 e	161.83±0.04 d
	NM2	656.35±0.21 b	68.84±0.91 b	458.90±1.29 c	599.67±2.64 d	179.30±0.10 c
	NM3	413.74±1.53 d	48.79±1.44 c	413.85±0.56 e	682.65±3.54 c	164.93±0.25 e
	NM4	326.92±1.34 e	66.47±2.46 b	437.41±0.89 d	1294.49±5.58 b	194.43±0.03 b

侧深施控释氮肥运筹方式对水稻产量、NH₃挥发和温室气体排放的影响

Effects of side deep placement of controlled release nitrogen management on rice yield, NH₃, and greenhouse gas emissions

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	CH₄累积排放量 CH₄ emission accumulation (kg hm^-2)	CH₄减排率 CH₄emission reduction rate (%)	N₂O累积排放量 N₂O emission accumulation (kg hm^-2)	N₂O减排率 N₂O emission reduction rate (%)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	CK	75.96±0.03 f		0.88±0.01 f
	FFT	275.97±0.57 a		7.94±0.01 a
	NM1	156.15±0.05 e	43.42	3.05±0.01 e	61.56
	NM2	169.78±0.18 d	38.48	3.95±0.00 c	50.22
	NM3	174.03±1.70 c	36.94	3.57±0.01 d	55.07
	NM4	200.11±0.12 b	27.49	4.55±0.01 b	42.66
泰香粳1402 Taixiangjing 1402	CK	105.43±1.34 e		1.18±0.01 f
	FFT	351.19±2.79 a		6.61±0.02 a
	NM1	157.88±1.05 d	55.04	3.76±0.01 e	43.09
	NM2	192.21±0.02 c	45.27	4.18±0.00 c	36.74
	NM3	192.90±1.59 c	45.07	4.01±0.01 d	39.41
	NM4	280.27±0.36 b	20.20	4.92±0.00 b	25.56

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