作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (01): 136-144.doi: 10.3734/SP.J.1006.2015.00136
张英华,杨佑明,曹莲,郝杨凡,黄菁,李金鹏,姚得秀,王志敏*
ZHANG Ying-Hua,YANG You-Ming,CAO Lian,HAO Yang-Fan,HUANG Jing,LI Jin-Peng,YAO De-Xiu,WANG Zhi-Min*
摘要:
为揭示小麦叶与非叶器官抗氧化系统对灌浆期高温胁迫的反应特征,探讨不同品种和不同器官耐热性差异机制,以小麦强耐热品种石家庄8号和弱耐热性品种河农341为材料,于灌浆期用塑料膜搭棚进行增温处理(花后第8天至第22天),研究高温胁迫对旗叶光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素含量、旗叶和非叶器官中丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。高温处理下,两品种Pn比正常温度下(对照)低18.7%~24.9%,叶绿素含量低5.7%~6.2%;旗叶、旗叶鞘、穗下节、颖片和籽粒的MDA含量和Pro含量均升高,其中MDA升高幅度为旗叶>非叶器官,Pro升高幅度为非叶器官>旗叶。旗叶、颖片、籽粒的SOD活性和旗叶、旗叶鞘、籽粒的CAT活性以及旗叶、旗叶鞘、颖片的POD活性在高温胁迫初期即诱导增强,而其他器官的抗氧化酶活性则在高温持续一段时间后诱导增强,之后随着高温的持续各器官抗氧化酶活性多表现为低于对照,高温解除后旗叶鞘、穗下节、颖片的SOD活性和旗叶、颖片、籽粒的POD活性有恢复迹象,高温对其他器官的SOD和POD活性以及所有器官的CAT活性造成不可逆影响;总体来看,非叶器官持续抗氧化能力和耐热性强于叶片。石家庄8号叶与非叶器官细胞膜稳定性、抗氧化酶活性均高于河农341,显示其整株耐热性强于河农341,这是石家庄8号在高温胁迫下产量下降幅度低于河农341的重要生理基础。因此认为,非叶器官在小麦适应灌浆期高温逆境中发挥重要作用。
| [1]北方十三省(市)小麦干热风科研协作组. 小麦干热风伤害机理的研究. 作物学报, 1984, 10: 105–112The Cooperated Research Group on Dry-hot-wind Injury in Wheat in Thirteen Provinces and Municipalities in North China. Research in mechanism of wheat hot wind damage. Acta Agron Sin, 1984, 10: 105–112 (in Chinese with English abstract)[2]Farooq M, Bramley H, Palta J A. Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grain filling phases. Crit Rev Plant Sci, 2011, 30: 1–7[3]邹琦. 小麦高温伤害与高温适应. 植物学报, 1988, 30: 388–395Zou Q. Heat injury and heat acclimation in wheat plants. Acta Bot Sin, 1988, 30: 388–395 (in Chinese with English abstract)[4]Shah N H, Paulsen G M. Interaction of drought and high temperature on photosynthesis and grain-filling of wheat. Plant Soil, 2003, 257: 219–226[5]Plaut Z, Butow B J, Blumenthal C S, Wrigley C W. Transport of dry matter into developing wheat kernels and its contribution to grain yield under post-anthesis water deficit and elevated temperature. Field Crops Res, 2004, 86: 185–198[6]郑飞, 臧秀旺, 黄保荣, 何钟佩. 灌浆期高温胁迫对冬小麦叶源、库器官生理活性的影响及调控. 华北农学报, 2001, 16 (2): 99–103Zheng F, Zang X W, Huang B R, He Z P. Effects of high temperature stress on the source and sink organ of winter wheat during filling stage and its regulation. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2001, 16(2): 99–103 (in Chinese with English abstract)[7]郭天财, 王晨阳, 朱云集, 王化岑, 李九星, 周继泽. 后期高温对冬小麦根系及地上部衰老的影响. 作物学报, 1998, 24: 957–962Guo T C, Wang C Y, Zhu Y J, Wang H C, Li J X, Zhou J Z. Effects of high temperature on the senescene of root and top-partial of wheat plant in the later stage. Acta Agron Sin, 1998, 24: 957–962 (in Chinese with English abstract)[8]Almeselmani M, Deshmukh P S,Sairam R K. Protective role of antioxidant enzymes under high temperature stress. Plant Sci, 2006, 171: 382–388[9]Sharkova V E, Bubolo L S. Effect of heat stress on the arrangement of thylakoid membranes in the chloroplasts of mature wheat leaves. Russ J Plant Physiol, 1996, 43: 358–365[10]Dai H P, Zhang P P, Lu C, Jia G L, Song H, Ren X M, Chen J, Wei A Z, Feng B L, Zhang S Q. Leaf senescence and reactive oxygen species metabolism of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under drought condition. Aust J Crop Sci, 2011, 5: 1655–1660[11]刘萍, 郭文善, 浦汉春, 封超年, 朱新开, 彭永欣. 灌浆期高温对小麦剑叶抗氧化酶及膜脂过氧化的影响. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38: 2403–2407Liu P, Guo W S, Pu H C, Feng C N, Zhu X K, Peng Y X. Effects of high temperature during grain filling period on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in flag leaves of wheat. Sci Agric Sin, 2005, 38: 2403–2407 (in Chinese with English abstract)[12]姜春明, 尹燕枰, 刘霞, 王振林. 不同耐热性小麦品种旗叶膜脂过氧化和保护酶活性对花后高温胁迫的响应. 作物学报, 2007, 33: 143–148Jiang C M, Yin Y P, Liu X, Wang Z L. Response of flag leaf lipid peroxidation and protective enzyme activity of wheat cultivars with different heat tolerance to high temperature stress after anthesis. Acta Agron Sin, 2007, 33: 143–148 (in Chinese with English abstract)[13]王志敏, 张英华, 张永平, 吴永成. 麦类作物穗器官的光合性能研究进展. 麦类作物学报, 2004, 24(4): 136–139Wang Z M, Zhang Y H, Zhang Y P, Wu Y C. Review on photosynthetic performance of ear organs in Triticeae crops. J Triticeae Crops, 2004, 24(4): 136–139 (in Chinese with English abstract)[14]徐晓玲, 王志敏, 张俊平. 灌浆期热胁迫对小麦不同绿色器官光合性能的得影响. 植物学报, 2001, 43: 571–577Xu X L, Wang Z M, Zhang J P. Effect of heat stress on photosynthetic characteristics of different green organs of winter wheat during grain-filling Stage. Acta Bot Sin, 2001, 43: 571–577 (in Chinese with English abstract)[15]Maydup M L, Antonietta M, Graciano C, Guiamet J J, Tambussi E A. The contribution of the awns of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to grain filling: Responses to water deficit and the effects of awns on ear temperature and hydraulic conductance. Field Crops Res, 2014, 167:102–111[16]Xu X L, Zhang Y H, Wang Z M. Effect of heat stress during grain filling on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase.and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activities of various green organs in winter wheat. Photosynthetica, 2003, 42: 317–320[17]Tambussi E A, Bort J, Guiamet J J, Nogués S, Araus J L. The photosynthetic role of ears in C3 cereal: metabolism, water use efficiency and contribution to grain yield. Crit Rev Plant Sci, 2007, 26: 1-16[18]中国科学院上海植物生理研究所、上海植物生理学会. 现代植物生理学实验指南. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Association of Plant Physiology. A Laboratory Guide for Model Plant Physiology. Beijing: Science Press, 1999 (in Chinese)[19]李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003. pp 195–197Li H S. Experimental Theory and Technology in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2003. pp 195–197 (in Chinese)[20]陈金峰, 王宫南, 程素满. 过氧化氢酶在植物胁迫响应中的功能研究进展. 西北植物学报, 2008, 28: 188–193Chen J F, Wang G N, Cheng S M. Progress about catalase function in plant stress reactions. Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin, 2008, 28: 188–193 (in Chinese with English abstract)[21]田国忠, 李怀方, 裘维蕃. 植物过氧化物酶研究进展. 武汉植物学报研究, 2001, 19: 332–344Tian G Z, Li H F, Qiu W F. Advances on Research of Plant Peroxidases. J Wuhan Bot Res, 2001, 19: 332–344 (in Chinese with English abstract)[22]魏炜, 赵欣平, 吕辉, 刘克武, 喻东. 三种抗氧化酶在小麦抗干旱逆境中的作用初探. 四川大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 40: 1172–1175Wei W, Zhao X P, Lü H, Liu K W, Yu D. The Study of the function of three antioxidant enzymes in wheat leaf under drought stress. J Sichuan Univ (Nat Sci Edn), 2003, 40: 1172–1175 (in Chinese with English abstract)[23]马旭俊, 朱大海. 植物超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的研究进展. 遗传, 2003, 25: 225–231Ma X J, Zhu D H. Functional roles of the plant superoxide dismutase. Hereditas (Beijing), 2003, 25: 225–231 (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [1] | 翟胜男, 曹新有, 李豪圣, 李吉虎, 李法计, 刘金栋, 夏先春, 吕莹莹, 马瑞峰, 王颖, 耿洪伟, 刘建军. 小麦Pod-A1、Pod-D1和Pod-2D位点等位变异对籽粒过氧化物酶活性的遗传效应分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1593-1603. |
| [2] | 习千辉, 徐梓瑗, 刘梦梦, 王宏艺, 郎凯琳, 井震海, 陈锋, 赵磊. 小麦籽粒铜含量的全基因组关联分析及候选基因预测[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1604-1617. |
| [3] | 毛嘉琦, 黄朋雨, 赵佳佳, 郑兴卫, 武棒棒, 郝宇琼, 屈非, 刘成, 马朋涛, 郑军. 山西小麦品种白粉病抗性评价及抗病基因分子检测[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1669-1681. |
| [4] | 胡川, 赵凯男, 黄修利, 吴金芝, 任开明, 王贺正, 付国占, 黄明, 李友军. 一次灌溉下耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1830-1846. |
| [5] | 陈雪燕, 何华川, 李政嘉, 董新盼, 李藕琪, 刘小云, 李丹萍, 陈志伟, 刘国霞, 吕胜源, 吴印莹, 赵振东, 曹新有, 万何平. 水培盐碱复合胁迫下‘济麦60’苗期根系有机酸分泌动态变化及其转录调控机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1859-1875. |
| [6] | 高沛阳, 李瑾璇, 董宇奎, 石玉, 张振, 张永丽. 测墒补灌下小麦分蘖发生和成穗对施氮量的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1847-1858. |
| [7] | 张献丰, 郭利建, 李康春, 孔斌雪, 刘玉芳, 车卓, 杨德龙. 小麦ABHD6基因家族鉴定与粒重功能标记开发[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1711-1727. |
| [8] | 王壮壮, 武紫君, 张永新, 张芯源, 袁丽雪, 陈如雪, 刘世举, 段剑钊, 冯伟, 王同朝, 王永华. 豫东南黏壤潮土区水氮优化协同提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521. |
| [9] | 何万龙, 耿洪伟, 张飞飞, 米克热阿依·阿巴白克热, 罗紫洋, 李鹏程, 周钊宇, 程宇坤. 基于深度学习的小麦重要病害图像识别系统的研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1401-1417. |
| [10] | 张振, 冯连杰, 石玉, 于振文, 张永丽. 节水补灌下不同穗型小麦产量形成差异研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1522-1535. |
| [11] | 侯思宇, 王国璀, 韦金贵, 谢玮欣, 殷文, 樊志龙, 柴强, 胡发龙. 绿肥配施化学氮肥对西北干旱灌区小麦干物质积累及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1208-1219. |
| [12] | 尚云秋, 赵竹, 陈欢, 丁永刚, 乔玉强, 李玮, 张向前, 曹承富, 杜世州. 长期定位耕作方式对雨养小麦籽粒灌浆和产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1236-1250. |
| [13] | 乔宇馨, 李程越, 康晓玉, 张鑫琪, 贾绍辉, 刘倩, 曹亚丽, 史鑫蕊, 郝兴宇, 李萍. 基于APSIM模型的长期免耕秸秆覆盖对旱地小麦增产效应研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1181-1192. |
| [14] | 李灿, 张喜伟, 朱博涛, 张沛沛. 小麦GSK激酶TaSK41的功能分析及互作蛋白的筛选[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(3): 677-687. |
| [15] | 侯洁, 付朵朵, 武海峰, 郝宇琼, 郑兴卫, 武棒棒, 周凯, 李晓华, 郑军, 赵佳佳. 山西省小麦地方品种的染色体多样性及遗传效应分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(3): 746-763. |
|
||