测墒补灌对冬小麦干物质积累与分配及水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.00457

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

于2007—2008和2008—2009小麦生长季, 以高产中筋冬小麦品种济麦22为材料, 在山东兖州小孟镇史王村(35.41°N, 116.41°E)采用大田试验, 研究了4种灌水处理对冬小麦干物质积累与分配及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明, 不灌水的W0处理(土壤相对含水量为播种期80% + 拔节期65% + 开花期65%)成熟期干物质积累量最低, W1处理(土壤相对含水量为播种期80% + 拔节期70% + 开花期70%)成熟期干物质积累量最高, 籽粒干物质分配量显著高于W2处理(土壤相对含水量为播种期80% + 拔节期80% + 开花期80%)和W3处理(土壤相对含水量为播种期90% + 拔节期80% + 开花期80%)；开花前贮藏在营养器官中的干物质开花后向籽粒的再分配量和再分配率均为W0>W3>W2>W1, 开花后干物质积累量对籽粒的贡献率为W1>W2>W3>W0；W1处理在灌浆末期保持较高灌浆速率和净光合速率, 提高了开花后干物质的积累量和向籽粒的分配比例, 有利于增加粒重；W0处理水分利用效率较高, 但产量最低；灌水处理的籽粒产量、灌溉水利用效率、降水利用效率和灌溉效益两生长季均随测墒补灌量的增加而显著降低。综合两年结果, W1是本试验条件下高产节水的最佳灌溉处理, 其播种期、拔节期和开花期设计0~140 cm土层土壤平均相对含水量分别为80%、70%和70%, 在两个小麦生长季中, 通过测墒, 分别补充灌水43.8 mm和13.8 mm, 灌溉水和降水的利用效率最高, 并获得了最高籽粒产量, 分别为8837.8 kg hm^-²和9040.9 kg hm^-²。

关键词: 冬小麦, 土壤含水量, 节水灌溉, 干物质积累与分配, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

Water shortage is a serious problem threatening sustainable agricultural development in the North China Plain (NCP), where winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the largest water-consuming crop. Water-saving technique is one of the most important components in wheat cultivation system in this area. The purpose of this study was to optimize irrigation scheduling for high yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in wheat. Unlike earlier studies in which fixed irrigation amounts were given, we designed a ladder of relative soil moisture content at critical growth stages of wheat. The results are expected to provide general and valuable guidelines to farmers and irrigation managers in high-yielding wheat production in the NCP. The field experiments was conducted with the cultivar of Jimai 22 in Shiwang village (35.41°N, 116.41°E), Yanzhou, Shandong, China in 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 growing seasons. The irrigation treatments were designed based on the contents of relative soil moisture at sowing, jointing, and anthesis stages which were 80%, 65%, and 65% for treatment W0; 80%, 70%, and 70% for treatment W1; 80%, 80%, and 80% for treatment W2; 90%, 80%, and 80% for treatment W3, respectively. The accumulation and distribution of dry matter and water use efficiency (WUE) in wheat plants were investigated subject to soil moisture and supplemental irrigation. The results showed that dry matter accumulation amount in treatment W0 was the lowest whereas that in treatment W1 was the highest at maturity stage. The grain dry matter ratio was significantly higher in treatment W1 than in treatments W2 and W3. After anthesis, the redistribution amount and the ratio of dry matter that stored in vegetative organs before anthesis were presented as W0>W3>W2>W1, and the contribution of dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis to grains as W1>W2>W3>W0. Under the W1 condition, the filling rate and net photosynthetic rate maintained a relative high level at the end of filling stage, which was favorable for increasing the accumulation and distribution ratio of dry matter and the grain weight at maturity. The WUE in treatment W0 was higher than that in other treatments. However, the grain yield was the lowest in treatment W0. In both growing seasons, the grain yield, irrigation water use efficiency (WUE_I), precipitation use efficiency (WUE_P), and irrigation benefit (IB) in the three irrigation treatments decreased significantly as more water was supplied. Under the experimental condition, the W1 regime was considered as the optimal irrigation treatment, whose relative soil moisture content80% at sowing, 70% at jointing, and 70% at anthesis stage. When 43.8 and 13.8 mm of water was supplied in the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 growing seasons, the final grain yield reached the highest level of 8 837.8 kg ha^-1 for 2007–2008 and 9 040.9 kg ha^-1 for 2008–2009 with the highest WUE_I and WUE_P.s in the 0–140 cm soil layer were

Key words: Winter wheat, Soil moisture content, Water-saving irrigation, Dry matter accumulation and distribution, Water use efficiency

韩占江，于振文，王东，张永丽. 测墒补灌对冬小麦干物质积累与分配及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(3): 457-465.

HAN Zhan-Jiang,YU Zhen-Wen,WANG Dong,ZHANG Yong-Li. Effects of Supplemental Irrigation Based on Testing Soil Moisture on Dry Matter Accumulation and distribution and Water Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36(3): 457-465.

参考文献

[1] Liu B-C(刘布春), Mei X-R(梅旭荣), Li Y-Z(李玉中), Yang Y-L(杨有禄). The connotation and extension of agricultural water resources security. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2006, 39(5): 947-951 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[2] Xu Z-Z(许振柱), Li C-R(李长荣), Chen P(陈平), Yu Z-W(于振文), Yu S-L(余松烈). Effect of soil drought on physiological characteristics and dry matter accumulation in winter wheat. Agric Res Arid Areas (干旱地区农业研究), 2000,18(1): 113-118 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[3] Fang Q-X(房全孝), Chen Y-H(陈雨海), Li Q-Q(李全起),Yu S-Z(于舜章), Yu S-L(余松烈), Dong Q-Y(董庆余), Luo Y(罗毅), Yu Q(于强), Ou-Yang Z(欧阳竹). Effects of irrigation on photosynthate supply and conversion and related enzymes activity during grain filling period. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2004, 30(11): 1113-1118 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[4] Ma D-H(马东辉), Zhao-C(赵长星), Wang Y-F(王月福), Wu G(吴钢), Lin Q(林琪). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and post-anthesis soil water content on photosynthetic characteristics in flag leaves and yield of wheat. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 2008, 28(10): 4896-4901 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[5] Hu J-C(胡继超), Cao W-X(曹卫星), Jiang D(姜东), Luo W-H(罗卫红). Quantification of water stress factor for crop growth simulation: I. Effects of drought and waterlogging stress on photosynthesis, transpiration and dry matter partitioning in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2004, 30(4): 315-320 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[6] Zhang Z-X(张忠学), Yu G-R(于贵瑞). Effects of irrigation scheduling on development and water use efficiency in winter wheat. J Irrig Drainage (灌溉排水学报), 2003, 22(2): 1-4 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[7] Xu Z-Z(许振柱), Yu Z-W(于振文). The effects of limited irrigation on water utility of winter wheat. Agric Res Arid Areas (干旱地区农业研究), 2003, 21(1): 6-10 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[8] Ren W(任巍), Yao K-M(姚克敏), Yu Q(于强), Ou-Yang Z(欧阳竹), Wang L(王菱). Effect of water control in combination of depth and amount on dry matter partition and water use efficiency of winter wheat. Chin J Eco-Agric (中国生态农业学报), 2003, 11(4): 92-94 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[9] Li A G, Hou Y S, Wall G W, Trent A, Kimball B A, Pinter P J. Free-air CO2 enrichment and drought stress effect on grain filling rate and duration in spring wheat. Crop Sci, 2000, 40: 1263-1270

[10] Zhang B C, Li F M, Huang G B, Cheng Z Y, Zhang Y H. Yield performance of spring wheat improved by regulated deficit irrigation in an arid area. Agric Water Manag, 2006, 79: 28-42

[11] Kang S Z, Zhang L, Liang Y L, Liang Y L, Hu X T, Cai H J, Gu B J. Effects of limited irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China. Agric Water Manag, 2002, 55: 203-216

[12] Shan L(山仑), Kang S-Z(康绍忠), Wu P-T(吴普特). Water Saving Agriculture in China (中国节水农业). Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2004. pp 229-230 (in Chinese)

[13] Liu Z-J(刘增进), Li B-P(李宝萍), Li Y-H(李远华), Cui Y-L(崔远来). Research on the water use efficiency and optimal irrigation schedule of the winter wheat. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2004, 20(4): 58-63 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[14] Jiang D(姜东), Xie Z-J(谢祝捷), Cao W-X(曹卫星), Dai T-B(戴廷波), Jing Q(荆奇). Effects of post-anthesis drought and waterlogging on photosynthetic characteristics, assimilates transportation in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2004, 30(2): 175-182 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[15] Du T-S(杜太生), Kang S-Z(康绍忠), Wang Z-C(王振昌),Wang F(王锋), Yang X-Y(杨秀英), Su X-L(苏兴礼). Responses of cotton growth, yield, and water use efficiency to alternate furrow irrigation. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2007, 33(12):1982-1990 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[16] Zheng J(郑捷), Li G-Y(李光永), Han Z-Z(韩振中). Sino-US irrigation water use efficiencies of main crops. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2008, 24(11): 46-50 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[17] Rehman S, Khalil S K, Rehman A, Amanullah, Khan A Z, Shah N H. Micro-watershed enhances rain water use efficiency, phenology and productivityof wheat under rainfed condition.Soil Tillage Res, 2009, 104: 82-87

[18] Duivenboodew N V, Pala M, Studer C, Bielders C L, Beukes D J. Cropping systems and crop complementarity in dryland agriculture to increase soil water use efficiency: a review. Neth J Agric Sci, 2000, 48: 213-236

[19] Wang J-S(王建生), Xu Z-K(徐子恺), Yao J-W(姚建文). Analysis of food throughput per unit water use. Adv Water Sci (水科学进展), 1999, 10(4): 429-434 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[20] Li J M, Inanaga S, Li Z H, Eneji A. E. Optimizing irrigation scheduling for winter wheat in the North China Plain. Agric Water Manag, 2005, 76: 8-23

[21] Fang Q-X(房全孝), Chen Y-H(陈雨海), Li Q-Q(李全起),Yu S-Z(于舜章), Luo Y(罗毅), Yu Q(于强), Ou-Yang Z(欧阳竹). Effects of soil moisture on radiation utilization during late growth stages and water use efficiency of winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2006, 32(6): 861-866 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[22] Dong B-D(董宝娣), Zhang Z-B(张正斌), Liu M-Y(刘孟雨), Zhang Y-Z(张依章), Li Q-Q(李全起), Shi L(石磊), Zhou Y-T(周永田). Water use characteristics of different wheat varieties and their responses to different irrigation schedulings. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2007, 23(9): 27-33 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[23] Wang S-F(王淑芬), Zhang X-Y(张喜英), Pei D(裴冬). Impacts of different water supplied conditions on root distribution, yield and water utilization efficiency of winter wheat. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2006, 22(2): 27-32 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[24] Yang J C, Zhang J H, Huang Z L, Zhu Q S, Wang L. Remobilization of carbon reserves is improved by controlled soil-drying during grain filling of wheat. Crop Sci, 2000, 40: 1645-1655

[25] Chen X-Y(陈晓远), Luo Y-P(罗远培). Study on the compensatory effect of rewatering during the flowering stage after previous water stress in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2001, 27(4): 513-516 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[26] Wang J-R(王家仁), Guo F-H(郭风洪), Sun M-Z(孙茂真), Cui R-L(崔若亮), Guo C-R(郭春荣), Bian P(边萍), Fu G-Y(付光永). Preliminary report on water saving and high efficiency technological indexes for winter water wheat irrigation adjusting water shortage. J Irrig Drainage (灌溉排水学报), 2004, 23(1): 36-40 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[27] Hu M-Y(胡梦芸), Zhang Z-B(张正斌), Xu P(徐萍), Dong B-D(董宝娣), Li W-Q(李魏强), Li J-J(李景娟). Relationship of water use efficiency with photoassimilate accumulation and transport in wheat under deficit irrigation. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2007, 33(11): 1884-1891 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[28] Xue X-Z(薛绪掌), Wang Z-M(王志敏). Influence of irrigation on growth and evapotranspiration of wheat under whole fertilization before sowing. J Arid Land Resour Environ (干旱区资源与环境),2004, 18(2): 141-146 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[29] Lan X(兰霞), Zhou D-X(周殿玺), Lan L-W(兰林旺). Effects of irrigation on yield components and grain carbohydrate sources of winter wheat. J China Agric Univ (中国农业大学学报), 2001, 6(1): 17-22 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[30] Zhang Y-P(张永平), Wang Z-M(王志敏), Wang P(王璞), Zhao M(赵明). Canopy photosynthetic characteristics of population of winter wheat in water-saving and high-yielding cultivation. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2003, 36(10): 1143-1149 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[31] Shan L(山仑), Xu M(徐萌). Water-saving agriculture and its physio-ecological bases. Chin J Appl Eco (应用生态学报), 1991, 2(1): 70-76 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[32] Liu G-S(刘庚山), Guo A-H(郭安红), An S-Q(安顺清), Lü H-Q(吕厚荃), Bai Y-M(白月明), Wen M(温民). Effeet of available soil water at planting on growth of root, canopy and soil water use of winter wheat in field. J Nat Disasters (自然灾害学报), 2003,12(3):149-154 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[33] Liu W-G (刘文国), Zhang J-C(张建昌), Cao W-X(曹卫贤), Dang Z-P(党占平), Qiang Q(强秦), Gao Y-J(高亚军), Li S-X(李生秀). Effects of different wheat cultivation methods on soil moisture use-efficiency in dryland soil. Acta Agric Boreali-Occident Sin (西北农业学报), 2006, 15(5): 47-51 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[34] Miao G-Y(苗果园), Yin J(尹钧), Gao Z-Q(高志强), Lu B(卢布), Adams W A. Study on the combined effects of simulated rainfalls and nitrogen treatments on the yield and soil moisture dynamic change of rain-fed winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 1997, 23(3): 263-270 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[35] Zhang J H, Su X Z, Li B, Su B L, Li J M, Zhou D X. An improved water use efficiency for winter wheat grown under reduced irrigation. Field Crops Res, 1998, 59: 91-98

[36] Zhang X-Y(张喜英), You M-Z(由懋正), Wang X-Y(王新元). A preliminary study on the regulated deficit irrigation system of winter wheat. Eco-Agric Res (生态农业研究), 1998, 6(3):33-36 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed