油菜苗期性状与其稻茬免耕直播产量损失的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00545

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 稻茬油菜免耕直播技术可减少用工，降低冬闲田面积，但其产量常低于翻耕栽培模式。为探讨免耕直播油菜产量制约因素，在盆栽试验条件下测定各品系苗期根冠比、抗旱性、耐渍性及氮肥利用率等生理指标，在大田试验条件下测定15个油菜品系免耕产量损失率，并比较苗期各生理指标与免耕产量损失率的关系。结果表明，(1)同一油菜品种成熟期性状表现、产量及其构成因素在不同栽培模式下的差异因品系而异；(2)与翻耕比，免耕栽培时地上部干重、经济系数或千粒重降幅小的品系产量损失率也小；(3)稻茬免耕直播油菜产量损失率与油菜苗期根冠比、抗旱性及耐渍性显著负相关，与苗期氮肥利用率显著正相关；(4)栽培管理上应选用苗期根冠比大，抗旱性、耐渍性强及苗期生长稳健的品种，抗旱防渍，平衡施肥可提高稻茬免耕直播油菜的生产效率。

关键词: 油菜, 稻茬免耕, 直播, 产量损失

Abstract: Technique ofdirect-seeding rape in no-tillage rice stubble field can decrease the labor and reduce the area of winter fallow fields, but its output is often less than the tillage cultivation model. In order to investigate the production constraints of direct-seeding rape in no-tillage field, we designed a pot experiment to determine physiological indexes of all lines such as root-shoot ratio, drought resistance, waterlogging tolerance and agronomy nitrogen use efficiency at seedling stage, and designed a field trial to determine the yield loss ratio of 15 lines in the no-tillage mode, then compared the relationship between physiological indexes at seedling stage and yield loss ratio in no-tillage mode. The result showed that, (1) differences in characters at mature period, yield and its components for the same rapeseed line in different cultivation modes depended on differentlines, (2) compared with that in the tillage mode，the lines that had small drop in shoot dry weight, economic coefficient or 1000-seed weight in no-tillage cultivation also had small yield loss ratio, (3) yield loss ratio at direct-seeding rape in no-tillage rice stubble field negatively correlated with root-shoot ratio, drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance at seedling stage, but positively correlated with nitrogen use efficiency at seedling stage, (4) the lines that had big root-shoot ratio, good drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance and robust seedling growth should be selected in the course of the cultivation and management, prevention against drought and waterlogging and balanced fertilization could improve production efficiency of direct-seeding rape in no-tillage rice stubble field.

Key words: Rapeseed, No-tillage paddy rice field, Direct planting, Yield loss

王翠翠, 陈爱武, 雷海霞, 韩自行, 刘芳, 周广生, 吴江生, 傅廷栋. 油菜苗期性状与其稻茬免耕直播产量损失的关系[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(03): 545-551.

WANG Cui-Cui, CHEN Ai-Wu, LEI Hai-Xia, HAN Zi-Hang, LIU Fang, ZHOU Guang-Sheng, WU Jiang-Sheng, FU Ting-Dong. Relationship between Seedling Traits and Yield Loss of Rapeseed Direct-Seeded in No-Tillage Rice Stubble Field[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(03): 545-551.

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