不同氮肥水平下早熟晚粳氮和磷的吸收利用特性及相互关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00174

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用大田试验，以长江中下游地区具有代表性的50个早熟晚粳品种为材料，研究7个氮肥水平(0、150.0、187.5、225.0、262.5、300.0、337.5 kg hm^-2纯氮)下水稻氮和磷积累量、吸收速率、利用效率的差异及其相互关系。结果表明：(1)在0~337.5 kg hm^-2纯氮范围内，随着氮肥水平的增加，早熟晚粳的植株含氮率和氮积累量在拔节、抽穗和成熟期均显著增加；植株含磷率和磷积累量在拔节和抽穗期显著增加，成熟期呈先增后减变化。(2)播种至拔节阶段氮和磷吸收速率随施氮量的增加而提高，差异极显著；拔节至抽穗阶段氮和磷吸收速率随施氮量的增加呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势；抽穗至成熟阶段的氮和磷吸收速率规律不明显。(3)在0~337.5 kg hm^-2纯氮范围内，随着施氮量的增加氮素籽粒生产效率和磷素籽粒生产效率均显著降低，随着施氮量的增加基因型之间的差异减小；随着施氮量的增加氮和磷收获指数都呈现抛物线关系，在施氮量为262.0 kg hm^-2纯氮时出现最大值。(4)早熟晚粳对氮和磷的吸收利用具有显著的协同效应，但随生育进程的推进这种效应减弱。水稻在播种至拔节、拔节至抽穗和抽穗至成熟3个生育阶段的氮和磷吸收速率都呈二次曲线关系(r=0.892^**，r=0.736^**，r=0.512^**)。(5)相关分析表明，产量与拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期的吸氮量和吸磷量以及播种至拔节期和拔节至成熟期的吸氮速率和吸磷速率呈极显著正相关关系。增施氮肥有利于水稻氮和磷吸收利用的提高，但氮肥过高时氮和磷吸收利用不再增加，甚至有所降低。

关键词: 早熟晚粳, 施氮量, 氮吸收速率, 磷吸收速率, 籽粒生产效率

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out with 50 early-maturing late japonica rice varieties adopted in the region of Yangtze River under seven nitrogen application levels (0, 150.0, 187.5, 225.0, 262.5, 300.0, and 337.5 kg ha^-1) to investigate N and P accumulation, N and P uptake rate, N and P use efficiency and correlations between them. The main results were as follows. (1) In the range of 0–337.5 kg ha^-1, N concentration and accumulation amount were significantly increased with the increase of N fertilizer under three growth stages. P concentration and accumulation amount were significantly improved with the increase of N fertilizer at elongation and heading of rice, but P accumulation was significantly deceased at maturing when N fertilizer was too high. (2) N and P uptake rates were significantly increased with the increase of N fertilizer during sowing to elongation. During elongation to heading, N and P uptake rates were increased at first and then decreased with the increase of N fertilizer. There were no regular patterns of N and P uptake rate under different N fertilizer levels, and the maximum of N and P uptake rate was at 225.0 kg ha^-1 N fertilizer during heading to maturing of rice. (3) N and P use efficiencies of grain yield production (NUEg and PUEg) were significantly decreased with the increase of N fertilizer (except PUEg at 0 kg ha^-1). There was a parabola regular pattern of N and P harvest index in the range of 0–337.5 kg ha^-1 N fertilizer, and the maximum was at 262.5 kg ha^-1 N fertilizer. (4)The relationship of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and utilization was significantly synergic during the rice growth stage. Rice yield was significantly correlated with N/P accumulation and N/P uptake rate before heading. Increasing N fertilizer may help to increase nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and utilization. But it may not increase or even decrease when N fertilizer is too high.

杨雄, 马群, 张洪程, 魏海燕, 李国业, 李敏, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 张庆, 郭保卫, 葛梦婕. 不同氮肥水平下早熟晚粳氮和磷的吸收利用特性及相互关系[J]. 作物学报, 2012, 38(01): 174-180.

YANG Xiong, MA Qun, ZHANG Hong-Cheng, WEI Hai-Yan, LI Guo-Ye, LI Min, DAI Ji-Gen, HE Zhong-Xiang, HU Ke, ZHANG Qiang, GUO Bao-Wei, GE Meng-Jie. Characteristics and Correlation Analysis of N and P Uptake and Utilization of Early Maturing Late Japonica under Different N Fertilizer Levels[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38(01): 174-180.

参考文献

[1]Yin C-Y(殷春渊), Wei H-Y(魏海燕), Zhang Q(张庆), Dai Q-G(戴其根), Huo Z-Y(霍中洋), Xu K(许轲), Zhang S-F(张胜飞), Hang J(杭杰), Ma Q(马群). Differences and correlations in grain yield, N uptake and utilization between medium-maturing indica and japonica rice under different N fertilizer levels. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2009, 35(2): 348–355 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]Guo C-H(郭朝晖), Li H-S(李合松), Zhang Y-Z(张杨珠), Huang J-L(黄见良), Huang C-Y(黄昌勇). Effects of phosphorus levels on hybrid rice growth and characteristics of phosphorus transportation. Chin J Rice Sci (中国水稻科学), 2002, 16(2): 151–156 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Timsina J, Singh U, Badaruddin M, Meisner C, Amin M R. Cultivar, nitrogen, and water effects on productivity, and nitrogen-use efficiency and balance for rice-wheat sequences of Bangladesh. Field Crops Res, 2001, 72: 143–161
[4]Inthapanya P, Sipaseuth, Sihavong P, Sihathep V, Chanphengsay M, Fukai S, Basnayake J. Genotype differences in nutrient uptake and utilization for grain yield production of rainfed lowland rice under fertilised and non-fertilised conditions. Field Crops Res, 2000, 65: 57–68
[5]Yi G-Y(易国英), Dai A-P(戴平安), Zheng S-X(郑圣先), Huang K-Y(黄科延), Liao Y-L(廖育林). Effects of N, P and K fertilizer levels on yield and fertilizer uptake and utilization of two-line hybrid rice. Crop Res (作物研究), 2006, (1): 40–43 (in Chinese)
[6]Li B-Z(李宝珍), Wang S-W(王松伟), Feng H-M(冯慧敏), Xu G-H(徐国华). Effects of nitrogen forms on root morphology and phosphate uptake in rice. Chin J Rice Sci (中国水稻科学), 2008, 22(5): 665–668 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]Zhao Q-L(赵庆雷), Wang K-R(王凯荣), Ma J-Q(马加清), Yang L-Q(杨连群), Xie X-L(谢小立), Zhang S-Y(张士永), Yuan S-J(袁守江). Effects of long-term application of different fertilizer patterns on rice paddy soil phosphorus and rice phosphorus nutrition. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2009, 35(8): 1539–1545 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Ling Q-H(凌启鸿). Quality of Crop Population (作物群体质量). Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 2000. pp 44–107 (in Chinese)
[9]hen X-H(陈新红), Niu K(刘凯), Xu G-W(徐国伟), Wang Z-Q(王志琴), Yang J-C(杨建昌). Effects of N and soil moisture on fertilizer uptake and quality of rice. J Northwest Sci-Tech Univ Agric & For (Nat Sci Edn)(西北农林科技大学学报?自然科学版), 2004, 32(3): 15–19 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]Chen X-B(陈晓波), Rao M-D(饶鸣钿), Xu X-M(许旭明). Effects of nitrogen application rate on yield formation of super rice: II. Youming 86 and absorption of N, P and K. J Yichun Coll (宜春学院学报), 2010, 32(8): 87–89 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]Dordas C. Dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation, partitioning and remobilization as affected by N and P fertilization and source-sink relations. Eur J Agron, 2009, 30: 129–139
[12]Papakosta D K, Gagianas A A. Nitrogen and dry matter accumulation, remobilization, and losses for Mediterranean wheat during grain filling. Agron J, 1991, 83: 864–870
[13]Prystupa P, Savin R, Slafer G A. Grain number and its relationship with dry matter, N and P in the spikes at heading in response to N × P fertilization in barley. Field Crops Res, 2004, 90: 245–254
[14]Dordas C A, Lithourgidis A S, Matsi T, Barbayiannis N. Application of liquid cattle manure and inorganic fertilizers affect dry matter, nitrogen accumulation, and partitioning in maize. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 2008, 80: 283–296
[15]Qi T-F(齐田锋), Wang L-J(王连建), Kang Y-G(康有果). The effect of N fertilizer on yield and characteristics of phosphorus uptake of winter wheat. Crops (作物杂志), 1995, (1): 27–28 (in Chinese)
[16]Sun Y-J(孙永健), Sun Y-Y(孙园园), Li X-Y(李旭毅), Zhang R-P(张荣萍), Guo X(郭翔), Ma J(马均). Effects of water-nitrogen interaction on absorption, translocation and distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in rice. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2010, 36(4): 655–664 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]Ao H-J(敖和军), Wang S-H(王淑红), Zou Y-F(邹应斌), Peng X-B(彭少兵), Chen Z-W(姚兆伟), Liu W(刘武), Tang Q-Y(唐启源). Characteristics of nutrient uptake and utilization of super hybrid rice under different fertilizer application rates. Chin J Rice Sci (中国农业科学), 2008, 41(10): 3123–3132 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]Zou C-M(邹长明), Qin D-Z(秦道珠), Xu M-G(徐明刚), Shen H-P(申华平), Wang B-R(王伯仁). Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium uptake characteristics of rice and its relationship with grain yield. J Nanjing Agric Univ (南京农业大学学报), 2002, 25(4): 6–10 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]Zhang Y(张瑛). Effects of N Fertilizer Levels on P and K Uptake and Utilization of Different Rice Varieties, Master Dissertation of Yang Zhou University, 2006 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Pan R-C(潘瑞炽). Plant Physiology (植物生理学). Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2008. pp 28–54 (in Chinese)
[21]Hang B-W(韩宝文), Xing S-L(邢素丽), Liu M-C(刘孟朝). The effect relationship between nitrogen and potash fertilization for winter wheat in middle_high fertilizer loamy soil. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin (华北农学报), 2006, 21(suppl): 24–37 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Hu H(胡泓), Wang G-H(王光火). Influence of potassium fertilizer on nutrient accumulation and physiological efficiency of hybrid rice. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2003, 9(2): 184–189 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]Wang Q-S(王强盛), Zhen R-H(甄若宏), Ding Y-F(丁艳锋), Zhu Y(朱艳), Wang S-H(王绍华), Cao W-X(曹卫星). Effect of potassium application rates on nitrogen absorption and utilization of different types of rice. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2009, 35(4): 704–710 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Miller M H. Effects of nitrogen on phosphorous absorption by plants. In: Carson E W. The Plant Root and Its Environment. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 1974. pp 643–668
[25]Cole C V, Grunes D L, Porter L K, Olsen S R. The effects of nitrogen on short term phosphorous absorption and translocation in corn (Zea mays L.). Soil Sci Soc Am J, 1963, 27: 671–674

相关文章 15

[1]	李鑫格, 高杨, 刘小军, 田永超, 朱艳, 曹卫星, 曹强. 播期播量及施氮量对冬小麦生长及光谱指标的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 975-987.
[2]	袁嘉琦, 刘艳阳, 许轲, 李国辉, 陈天晔, 周虎毅, 郭保卫, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 张洪程. 氮密处理提高迟播栽粳稻资源利用和产量[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 667-681.
[3]	谢呈辉, 马海曌, 许宏伟, 徐郗阳, 阮国兵, 郭峥岩, 宁永培, 冯永忠, 杨改河, 任广鑫. 施氮量对宁夏引黄灌区麦后复种糜子生长、产量及氮素利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(2): 463-477.
[4]	杨志远, 舒川海, 张荣萍, 杨国涛, 王明田, 秦俭, 孙永健, 马均, 李娜. 不同株型杂交籼稻对氮肥的耐受性差异比较[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(8): 1593-1602.
[5]	时晓娟, 韩焕勇, 王方永, 郝先哲, 高宏云, 罗宏海. DPC⁺化学封顶对不同施氮量下棉花叶片光合生理特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(9): 1416-1429.
[6]	王士红,杨中旭,史加亮,李海涛,宋宪亮,孙学振. 增密减氮对棉花干物质和氮素积累分配及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(3): 395-407.
[7]	宁芳,张元红,温鹏飞,王瑞,王倩,董朝阳,贾广灿,李军. 不同降水状况下旱地玉米生长与产量对施氮量的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(5): 777-791.
[8]	陈诗豪,李正阳,陈佳露,张元卿,魏育明,郑有良,蒲至恩. 品种与栽培条件对小麦籽粒生物活性物质含量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(11): 1756-1763.
[9]	许阳东,朱宽宇,章星传,王志琴,杨建昌. 绿色超级稻品种的农艺与生理性状分析[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(1): 70-80.
[10]	白伟,张立祯,逄焕成,孙占祥,牛世伟,蔡倩,安景文. 秸秆还田配施氮肥对东北春玉米光合性能和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(12): 1845-1855.
[11]	陈佳娜，曹放波，谢小兵，单双吕，高伟，李志斌，黄敏，邹应斌*. 机插条件下低氮密植栽培对“早晚兼用”双季稻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2016, 42(08): 1176-1187.
[12]	邹芳刚，张国伟，王友华，赵文青，周治国. 施氮量对滨海改良盐土棉花钾累积利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2015, 41(01): 80-88.
[13]	孙敏,高志强*,赵维峰,任爱霞,邓妍,苗果园. 休闲期深松配施氮肥对旱地土壤水分及小麦籽粒蛋白质积累的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(07): 1286-1295.
[14]	王小春,杨文钰,邓小燕,张群,雍太文,刘卫国,杨峰,毛树明. 玉/豆和玉/薯模式下玉米氮素吸收利用差异及氮肥调控效应[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(03): 519-530.
[15]	李廷亮,谢英荷,洪坚平,冯倩,孙丞鸿,王志伟. 施氮量对晋南旱地冬小麦光合特性、产量及氮素利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(04): 704-711.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed