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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 1756-1763.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.91010

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

品种与栽培条件对小麦籽粒生物活性物质含量的影响

陈诗豪1,李正阳1,陈佳露1,张元卿1,魏育明2,郑有良2,蒲至恩1,*()   

  1. 1 四川农业大学农学院, 四川成都611130
    2 四川农业大学小麦研究所, 四川成都611130
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-26 接受日期:2019-06-24 出版日期:2019-11-12 网络出版日期:2019-08-13
  • 通讯作者: 蒲至恩
  • 作者简介:E-mail: chenshihao604@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0100900)

Effect of varieties and cultivation conditions on the bioactive substances contents of wheat grain

CHEN Shi-Hao1,LI Zheng-Yang1,CHEN Jia-Lu1,ZHANG Yuan-Qing1,WEI Yu-Ming2,ZHENG You-Liang2,PU Zhi-En1,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    2 Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2019-01-26 Accepted:2019-06-24 Published:2019-11-12 Published online:2019-08-13
  • Contact: Zhi-En PU
  • Supported by:
    The study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0100900)

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摘要：

利用4个四川省主推小麦品种连续2年2地在不同施氮时期、施氮量、播期、施磷量条件下, 测定小麦籽粒中生物活性物质植酸、γ-氨基丁酸、总酚含量的变化, 期望找到提高小麦生物活性物质的含量合理的栽培措施。结果表明, 影响小麦生物活性物质含量的主要因素是品种, 施氮量、施氮时期、播期、施磷量等栽培措施只部分影响或不影响生物活性物质的含量。另外施氮量和施磷量的互作效应也会对生物活性物质含量产生显著影响。绵麦51的γ-氨基丁酸和总酚含量高于其他品种, 抗营养物质植酸含量低于其他品种。在四川地区选用品种绵麦51, 将150 kg hm -2纯氮氮肥、75 kg hm -2 P2O5的磷肥全作底肥一次施用, 于10月29日播种可获得生物活性物质含量最佳的小麦籽粒。

关键词: 施氮量, 施氮时期, 播期, 施磷量, 品种, 生物活性物质

Abstract:

People pay more attention to the bioactive substances because of its antioxidant capability. To investigate the effect of N-application time, nitrogen fertilizer rate, sowing time and P application note on the bioactive substance contents of wheat grain, we analyzed the contents of phytic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid and total phenol in wheat cultivars planted at two locations for two consecutive growth seasons. The genotype contributed the most variations of bioactive substance contents. The cultural practices had less influence than varieties, the interaction between N-application and phosphorus application also had significant effect on bioactive substances contents. Mianmai 51 had the highest contents of γ-aminobutyric and total phenol and the lowest phytic acid content. According to the results, the gains of Mianmai 51 with the optimum content of bioactive substances can be obtained by using the base fertilizer of 150 kg hm -2 of pure nitrogen and 75 kg hm -2 of P2O5 and rowing on October 29th in Sichuan province.

Key words: N-dosage applied, N-applying stages, sowing times, P application, variety, antioxidant

表1

施氮时期对生物活性物质含量影响的显著性检验"

变异来源
Variation source		 γ-氨基丁酸 γ-aminobutyric acid 植酸 Phytic acid 总酚 Total phenol
F P F P F P
年份 Year 66.015 0.000** 11.971 0.001** 20.850 0.000**
地点 Location 48.469 0.000** 141.058 0.000** 3.079 0.083
施氮时期 N-applying stages (N-S) 0.507 0.604 0.881 0.418 2.301 0.107
品种 Variety (V) 12.443 0.000** 35.200 0.000** 23.278 0.000**
区组 Group (G) 0.475 0.493 0.017 0.897 0.860 0.356
N-S ×G 0.126 0.882 0.038 0.962 0.316 0.730
V × N-S 0.149 0.989 1.361 0.241 1.687 0.135

表2

各品种小麦生物活性物质含量的多重比较"

品种
Variety		 γ-氨基丁酸
γ-aminobutyric acid (mg kg-1)		 植酸
Phytic acid (mg g-1)		 总酚
Total phenol (μg g-1)
川农16 Chuannong 16 85.661 c 11.514 a 243.044 b
绵麦51 Mianmai 51 112.754 a 9.311 c 319.132 a
蜀麦969 Shumai 969 98.253 b 10.430 b 257.613 b
蜀麦482 Shumai 482 100.361 b 11.508 a 251.061 b

表3

施氮量对生物活性物质影响的显著性检验"

变异来源
Variation source		 γ-氨基丁酸 γ-aminobutyric acid 植酸 Phytic acid 总酚 Total phenol
F P F P F P
年份Year 364.227 0.000** 0.505 0.479 30.858 0.000**
地点Location 164.068 0.000** 0.282 0.597 35.120 0.000**
施氮量N-dosage applied (N) 3.691 0.014* 5.958 0.001** 0.236 0.871
品种 Variety (V) 42.292 0.000** 15.682 0.000** 27.933 0.000**
区组 Group (G) 0.033 0.856 0.012 0.913 0.036 0.850
N×G 0.086 0.968 0.243 0.866 0.882 0.453
V×N 0.795 0.622 1.240 0.279 0.576 0.814

表4

各施氮量小麦生物活性物质含量的多重比较"

施氮量
N-dosage applied		 γ-氨基丁酸
γ-aminobutyric acid (mg kg-1)		 植酸
Phytic acid (mg g-1)		 总酚
Total phenol (μg g-1)
N0 94.223 b 11.541 a 276.985 a
N1 98.991 ab 11.509 a 283.010 a
N2 97.292 ab 10.684 b 273.258 a
N3 102.444 a 10.825 b 279.759 a

表5

施氮量与播期互作对生物活性物质含量影响的显著性检验"

变异来源
Variation source		 γ-氨基丁酸
γ-aminobutyric acid		 植酸
Phytic acid		 总酚
Total phenol
F P F P F P
年份Year 505.081 0.000** 64.828 0.000** 185.745 0.000**
地点Location 22.804 0.000** 35.685 0.000** 74.709 0.000**
品种 Variety (V) 10.772 0.000** 9.529 0.000** 9.429 0.000**
施氮量N-dosage applied (N) 2.258 0.135 14.343 0.000** 2.162 0.143
播期Sowing time (S) 3.351 0.037* 3.118 0.047* 0.089 0.915
N×S 0.279 0.757 1.692 0.187 0.028 0.972
V×N×S 1.830 0.096 0.285 0.943 0.335 0.917

表6

各播期小麦生物活性物质含量的多重比较"

播期
Sowing time		 γ-氨基丁酸
γ-aminobutyric acid (mg kg-1)		 植酸
Phytic acid (mg g-1)		 总酚
Total phenol (μg g-1)
B1 104.032 ab 11.057 a 257.868 a
B2 107.435 a 10.525 b 254.179 a
B3 101.438 b 10.666 ab 253.979 a

表7

施氮量与施磷量互作对生物活性物质含量影响的显著性检验"

变异来源
Variation source		 γ-氨基丁酸 γ-aminobutyric acid 植酸 Phytic acid 总酚 Total phenol
F P F P F P
年份Year 2.570 0.111 6.400 0.012 138.680 0.000**
地点Location 0.029 0.866 13.191 0.000** 0.004 0.952
品种 Variety (V) 21.310 0.000** 11.487 0.000** 2.799 0.042*
施氮量N-dosage applied (N) 2.730 0.100 6.283 0.013* 26.317 0.000**
播期Sowing time (S) 1.227 0.296 8.506 0.000** 3.308 0.039*
N×S 0.818 0.443 3.285 0.040* 0.801 0.451
V×N×S 0.801 0.570 1.760 0.110 0.623 0.712

表8

各施磷量小麦生物活性物质含量的多重比较"

施磷量
P application rate		 γ-氨基丁酸
γ-aminobutyric acid (mg kg-1)		 植酸
Phytic acid (mg g-1)		 总酚
Total phenol (μg g-1)
P0 89.403 a 9.660 b 233.490 b
P1 92.773 a 10.443 a 249.649 a
P2 92.119 a 10.351 a 250.467 a

表9

施氮量与施磷量互作效应小麦生物活性物质含量的多重比较"

施氮量×施磷量
N-dosage applied ×P application rate		 γ-氨基丁酸
γ-aminobutyric acid (mg kg-1)		 植酸
Phytic acid (mg g-1)		 总酚
Total phenol (μg g-1)
N5, P0 89.536 a 9.591 c 223.240 b
N5, P1 90.531 a 10.904 a 230.496 b
N5, P2 89.596 a 10.595 ab 233.097 b
N10, P0 89.262 a 9.728 c 243.739 b
N10, P1 95.005 a 9.982 c 268.803 a
N10, P2 94.633 a 10.106 bc 267.837 a
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