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作物学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (03): 519-530.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00519

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉/豆和玉/薯模式下玉米氮素吸收利用差异及氮肥调控效应

王小春1,杨文钰1,*,邓小燕1,张群1,雍太文1,刘卫国1,杨峰1,毛树明2   

  1. 1四川农业大学农学院 / 农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 四川温江 611130; 2仁寿县农业局, 四川仁寿 620500
  • 收稿日期:2013-05-13 修回日期:2013-09-16 出版日期:2014-03-12 网络出版日期:2013-11-14
  • 通讯作者: 杨文钰, E-mail: wenyu.yang@263.net
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001), 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04-PS19), 四川省育种攻关项目(2011NZ0098-15-2)和四川玉米单季稻大面积均衡增产技术集成研究与示范项目(2012BAD04B13-2)资助。

Differences of Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization and Nitrogen Regulation Effects in Maize between Maize/Soybean and Maize/Sweet Potato Relay Intercropping Systems

WANG Xiao-Chun1,YANG Wen-Yu1,*,DENG Xiao-Yan1,ZHANG Qun1,YONG Tai-Wen1,LIU Wei-Guo1,YANG Feng1,MAO Shu-Ming2   

  1. 1 Agronomy College of Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of P.R. China, Wenjiang 611130, China; 2 Renshou Bureau of Agriculture, Renshou 620500, China
  • Received:2013-05-13 Revised:2013-09-16 Published:2014-03-12 Published online:2013-11-14
  • Contact: 杨文钰, E-mail: wenyu.yang@263.net

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摘要：

研究西南地区玉米主要2种套作模式下氮素吸收利用差异及氮肥调控效应, 为氮素高效利用提供科学依据。在四川2个玉米主产区, 通过连续4年的大田试验, 对比研究了玉/豆和玉/薯模式下玉米氮素吸收利用差异和不同供氮水平对玉米氮素吸收的调控效应。结果表明, 玉/豆模式下玉米收获期植株中的氮素积累2个试验点平均较玉/薯模式增加7.11%, 氮收获指数增加2.00%左右, 氮素吸收效率增加7.83%, 成熟期籽粒中氮素的分配比例增加1.76%, 而叶、茎鞘中氮素的分配比例分别减少5.85%和2.75%。分带轮作后, 由于不同前茬对土壤养分影响不同, 再加上套作优势, 玉/豆模式下玉米在生长前期就表现出明显的优势, 到收获期植株氮素积累2个试验点平均较玉/薯增加11.85%, 氮素吸收效率增加11.84%。在玉米氮素积累关键时期, 玉/豆模式在低氮处理下玉米植株氮素的积累量显著高于玉/薯模式相同施氮处理, 而在高氮处理下2种模式间差异不大或者表现相反, 氮肥偏生产力、氮素农艺效率和氮肥利用率也有相似的结果; 玉/豆模式在180 kg hm-2施氮量下较其他处理显著提高了玉米氮素农学利用率、氮素吸收利用率和籽粒中氮素的分配量, 玉/薯模式下玉米氮素农学利用率和氮肥利用效率, 在180~270 kg hm-2施氮量处理下较高; 花后氮素同化量玉/豆模式显著高于玉/薯; 2种模式均以施纯氮180~270 kg hm-2处理有利于氮素转运和花后氮素同化量积累。

关键词: 玉/豆(薯)套作, 玉米, 施氮量, 氮素利用率

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of maize nitrogen uptake and utilization and nitrogen regulation effects between two main intercropping systems including maize intercropped with soybean and sweet potato respectively in a four year field experiment at two major maize producing areas of Sichuan in southwest China. Results showed that maize nitrogen accumulation (A), nitrogen harvest index (HI), nitrogen absorption efficiency (AE) and nitrogen distribution proportion to grain in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping were increased by 7.11%, 2.00%, 7.83%, and 1.76% respectively at maturity, on an average of two experimental sites, but the distribution proportion to leaves and stem/sheath decreased by 5.85% and 2.75% respectively. After strip rotation, maize intercropped with soybean showed obvious advantages even at early growing stage due to the effects of preceding crops on soil nutrients and relay intercropping advantage, with an increase of 11.85% in A and 11.84% in AE on average at maturity. During the key period of nitrogen accumulation, maize nitrogen accumulation was significantly higher when intercropped with soybean under low-nitrogen treatment than that when intercropped with sweet potato. However the results were insignificant or even opposite under high-nitrogen treatment. So did the results of nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), and NRE. NAE, NRE and nitrogen distribution proportion to grain of maize were significantly higher in the treatment with nitrogen application of 180 kg ha-1 when intercropped with soybean, and in the treatment of 180-270 kg ha-1 when intercropped with sweet potato.After flowering stage, nitrogen assimilation amount after anthesis (AANAA) in maize/soybean was higher than that in maize/sweet potato significantly; consequently, nitrogen transfer (NT) and AANAA were higher in both intercropping systems with nitrogen application of 180-270 kg ha-1.

Key words: Maize/soybean (sweet potato) intercropping, Maize, Nitrogen application amount, Nitrogen use efficienc

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