作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (07): 1136-1144.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01136
• 研究简报 • 上一篇
李华伟1,2,司纪升1,2,徐月1,3,李升东1,2,吴建军1,王法宏1,2,*
LI Hua-Wei1,2,SI Ji-Sheng1,2,XU Yue2,3,LI Sheng-Dong1,2,WU Jian-Jun1,WANG Fa-Hong1,2,*
摘要:
为探索优化小麦根系构建,促进小麦根系功能发挥,以达到小麦高产高效的栽培技术,于2012–2013和2013–2014年度小麦生产季,通过大田试验,比较研究了鲁原502在旋耕-基肥撒施(RT-SF),深翻-基肥撒施(PT-SF)和苗带旋耕-间隔深松-分层深施肥(SRT-SS-DT) 3种栽培技术下产量及其构成,麦田0~90 cm内不同土层根系形态分布及生理特性的差异。与RT-SF和PT-SF处理相比,SRT-SS-DT处理显著提高了小麦的千粒重及单位面积穗数,使最终产量提高了3.96%~13.29%。SRT-SS-DT处理促进了小麦根系生长发育,拔节后15~60 cm土层内的根长密度和根干重密度、30~75 cm土层内根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收面积较其他处理显著提高,尤其是在施肥层(15~30 cm土层)。开花后20 d,15~30 cm 土层SRT-SS-DT的根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收面积较RT-SF提高了66.3%和56.5%,较PT-SF提高了75.9%和59.8%。SRT-SS-DT增强了15~90 cm土层的根系活力,同时减缓了生育后期根系活力的下降,开花期至花后20 d,15~30 cm土层根系活力下降值在SRT-SS-DT处理下较RT-SF和PT-SF降低了28.5%和14.9%。此外,在花后20 d,SRT-SS-DT处理小麦15~90 cm土层根系表现较低MDA含量和较高SOD活性,尤其是15~30 cm土层,根系SOD活性分别比PT-SF和RT-SF处理高20.6%和10.9%。15~90 cm土层根系活力和根干重占比与小麦产量呈显著正相关。结果表明,通过对苗带旋耕、间隔深松和分层深施肥等栽培技术的集成和优化,可以有效扩展深层土壤根系的分布,提高深层土壤根系的活性,尤其是施肥层,有助于小麦产量提高。
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