欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (07): 1136-1144.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01136

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

栽培技术优化对冬小麦根系垂直分布及活性的调控

李华伟1,2,司纪升1,2,徐月1,3,李升东1,2,吴建军1,王法宏1,2,*   

  1. 1山东鲁研农业良种有限公司，山东济南 250100；2山东省农业科学院作物研究所，山东济南 250100；3山东理工大学生命科学学院，山东淄博 255049
  • 收稿日期:2014-07-25 修回日期:2015-03-19 出版日期:2015-07-12 网络出版日期:2015-04-14
  • 通讯作者: 王法宏, E-mail: wheat-cul@163.com, Tel: 0531-83178123
  • 基金资助:

    本项目由农业科技成果转化基金项目, 山东省优秀中青年科学家奖励基金(BS2013NY003), 山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题, 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CRAS-3-1-21), 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(301203033-2, 201203079)和安徽省自然科学基金项目(1208085MC35)资助。

Regulative Effect of Optimized Cultivation Practice to the Root Vertical Distribution and Activity in Winter Wheat

LI Hua-Wei1,2,SI Ji-Sheng1,2,XU Yue2,3,LI Sheng-Dong1,2,WU Jian-Jun1,WANG Fa-Hong1,2,*   

  1. 1 Shandong Luyan Seed Co., Ltd, Jinan 250100, China; 2 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; 3 College of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
  • Received:2014-07-25 Revised:2015-03-19 Published:2015-07-12 Published online:2015-04-14
  • Contact: 王法宏, E-mail: wheat-cul@163.com, Tel: 0531-83178123

RichHTML

PDF

1868

被引次数

4

摘要：

为探索优化小麦根系构建，促进小麦根系功能发挥，以达到小麦高产高效的栽培技术，于2012–2013和2013–2014年度小麦生产季，通过大田试验，比较研究了鲁原502在旋耕-基肥撒施(RT-SF)，深翻-基肥撒施(PT-SF)和苗带旋耕-间隔深松-分层深施肥(SRT-SS-DT) 3种栽培技术下产量及其构成，麦田0~90 cm内不同土层根系形态分布及生理特性的差异。与RT-SF和PT-SF处理相比，SRT-SS-DT处理显著提高了小麦的千粒重及单位面积穗数，使最终产量提高了3.96%~13.29%。SRT-SS-DT处理促进了小麦根系生长发育，拔节后15~60 cm土层内的根长密度和根干重密度、30~75 cm土层内根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收面积较其他处理显著提高，尤其是在施肥层(15~30 cm土层)。开花后20 d，15~30 cm 土层SRT-SS-DT的根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收面积较RT-SF提高了66.3%和56.5%，较PT-SF提高了75.9%和59.8%。SRT-SS-DT增强了15~90 cm土层的根系活力，同时减缓了生育后期根系活力的下降，开花期至花后20 d，15~30 cm土层根系活力下降值在SRT-SS-DT处理下较RT-SF和PT-SF降低了28.5%和14.9%。此外，在花后20 d，SRT-SS-DT处理小麦15~90 cm土层根系表现较低MDA含量和较高SOD活性，尤其是15~30 cm土层，根系SOD活性分别比PT-SF和RT-SF处理高20.6%和10.9%。15~90 cm土层根系活力和根干重占比与小麦产量呈显著正相关。结果表明，通过对苗带旋耕、间隔深松和分层深施肥等栽培技术的集成和优化，可以有效扩展深层土壤根系的分布，提高深层土壤根系的活性，尤其是施肥层，有助于小麦产量提高。

关键词: 栽培技术, 小麦, 根系活力, 根系垂直分布, 产量

Abstract:

To find out the cultivation practices, optimizing the construction of winter wheat root system, promoting root function, and enhancing the final grain yield, in the growing seasons of 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 we compared the root vertical distribution and activity in 0–90 cm soil layers, as well as grain yield and its components of winter wheat cultivar Luyuan502, with three treatments of cultivate techniques, viz., plow tillage-surface fertilization (PT-SF), rotary tillage-surface fertilization (RT-SF) and seedling belt rotary tillage-subsoiling-deep fertilization in different soil layers (SRT-SS-DF). Compared to PT-SF and RT-SF, SRT-SS-DF significantly increased thousand-kernel weight and spike number per hectare, resulting in 3.96–13.29% increase of grain yield. Root growth was stimulated in SRT-SS-DF treatment. For example, the root length density and dry weight density in 15–60 cm soil layer and total root surface area and active absorption area in 30–75 cm soil layer were significantly higher in SRT-SS-DF than in other treatments after jointing stage, especially in the fertilized soil layer (15–30 cm). At 20 days after anthesis (DAA), the total absorbing surface area and the active absorbing area of root in SRT-SS-DF were 66.3% and 56.5% higher than those in PT-SF and 75.9% and 59.8% higher than those in RT-SF, respectively. Besides, SRT-SS-DF alleviated the decline of root activity at late grain filling stage. From anthesis stage to 20 DAA, the reduction of root activity in 15–30 soil layer was 28.5% and 14.9% lower in SRT-SS-DF than in RT-SF and PT-SF, respectively. At 20 DAA, low root MDA content and high SOD activity in 15–90 cm soil layer were observed in SRT-SS-DF. Especially, the SOD activity in 15–30 cm soil layer in SRT-SS-DF was 20.6% and 10.9% higher than that in RP-SF and PR-SF, respectively. The root activity and the ratio of root dry weight (root dry weight in different soil layers/total root dry weight in 0–90 cm soil layer) in 15–90 cm had a significant positive correlation with final grain yield. Our results suggest that optimizing integrated practices of seedling belt rotary tillage, seedling belt subsoiling and deep fertilization could be able to extend the root distribution in deep soil and increase the root activity, especially in fertilized soil layer, resulting in higher grain yield.

Key words: Cultivation technique, Wheat, Root activity, Root vertical distribution, Yield

[1]王化岑, 刘万代, 王晨阳. 超高产小麦根系生长规律与垂直分布状态研究. 中国农学通讯, 2002, 18(2): 6–7

Wang H C, Liu W D, Wang C Y. The growing regulation and vertival distribution of super-high yeilding wheat. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2002, 18(2): 6–7 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[2]汪晓丽, 陶玥玥, 盛海君, 封克. 硝态氮供应对小麦根系形态发育和氮吸收动力学的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2010, 30: 129–134

Wang X L, Tao Y Y, Sheng H J, Feng K. Effects of nitrate supply on morphology development and nitrate uptake kinetics of wheat roots. J Triticeae Crops, 2010, 30: 129–134 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[3]王法宏, 王旭清, 李松坚, 边麦玲, 于振文, 余松烈. 高产小麦生育后期不同层次土壤中根系活性的研究. 作物学报, 2001, 27: 891–895

Wang F H, Wang X Q, Li S Q, Bian M L, Yu Z W, Yu S L. Studies on the root activities in different layers of soil of high yielding wheat at the late growth period. Acta Agron Sin, 2001, 27: 891–895 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[4]王法宏, 王旭清, 李松坚, 于振文, 余松烈. 小麦根系扩展深度对旗叶衰老及光合产物分配的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2003, 23(1): 53–57

Wang F H, Wang X Q, Li S Q, Yu Z W, Yu S L. Effect of vertical distribution of root on senescence of flag leaf and partition of dry matter in high yielding winter wheat. J Triticeae Crops, 2003, 23(1): 53–57 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[5]王月福, 于振文, 李尚霞, 余松烈. 土壤肥力和施氮量对小麦根系氮同化及子粒蛋白质含量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2003, 9: 39–44

Wang Y F, Yu Z W, Li S X, Yu S L. Effects of nitrogen rates and soil fertility levels on root nitrogen absorption and assimilation and grain protein content of winter wheat. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2003, 9: 39–44 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[6]苗果园, 高志强, 张云亭, 尹钧, 张爱良. 水肥对小麦根系整体影响及其与地上部相关的研究. 作物学报, 2002, 28: 445–450

Miao G Y, Gao Z Q, Zhang Y T, Yin J, Zhang A L. Effect of water and fertilizer to root system and its correlation with tops in wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2002, 28: 445–450 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[7]冯福学, 黄高宝, 柴强, 于爱忠, 乔海军, 黄涛. 不同耕作措施对冬小麦根系时空分布和产量的影响. 生态学报, 2009, 29: 2499–2506

Feng F X, Huang G B, Chai Q, Yu A Z, Qiao H J, Huang L. Effects of different tillage on spatiotemporal distribution of winter wheat root and yield. Acta Ecol Sin, 2009, 29: 2499–2506 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[8]李国清, 石岩. 深松和翻耕对旱地小麦花后根系衰老及产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2012, 32: 500–502

Li G Q, Shi Y. Effect of subsoiling tillage and ploughing tillage on the root senescence after anthesis and yeild of wheat in dry land. J Triticeae Crops, 2012, 32: 500–502 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[9]Gajri P, Prihar S, Cheema H, Kapoor A. Irrigation and tillage effects on root development, water use and yield of wheat on coarse textured soils. Irrig Sci, 1991, 12: 161–168

[10]Lampurlanés J, Cantero-Martínez C. Soil bulk density and penetration resistance under different tillage and crop management systems and their relationship with barley root growth. Agron J, 2003, 95: 526–536

[11]Ellis F, Elliott J, Barnes B, Howse K. Comparison of direct drilling, reduced cultivation and ploughing on the growth of cereals. J Agric Sci, 1977, 89: 631-643

[12]Bennie A, Botha F. Effect of deep tillage and controlled traffic on root growth, water-use efficiency and yield of irrigated maize and wheat. Soil Tillage Res, 1986, 7: 85–95

[13]Munoz-Romero V, Benítez-Vega J, López-Bellido L, López-Bellido R J. Monitoring wheat root development in a rainfed vertisol: tillage effect. Eur J Agron, 2010, 33: 182–187

[14]王法宏, 王旭清, 任德昌, 于振文, 余松烈. 土壤深松对小麦根系活性的垂直分布及旗叶衰老的影响. 核农学报, 2003, 17: 56–61

Wang F H, Wang X Q, Ren D C, Yu Z W, Yu S L, Effect of soil deep tillage on root activity and vertival distribution. Acta Agric Nucl Sin, 2003, 17: 56–61 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[15]Herrera J M, Noulas C, Feil B, Stamp P, Liedgens M. Nitrogen and genotype effects on root growth and root survivorship of spring wheat. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci, 2013, 176: 561–571

[16]Wang Y, Hu W, Zhang X, Li L, Kang G, Feng W, Zhu Y, Wang C, Guo T. Effects of cultivation techniques on winter wheat root growth parameters and grain yield. Field Crops Res, 2014, 156: 208–218

[17]耿伟, 薛绪掌, 王志敏. 肥料分层深施对旱作冬小麦光合生理特性及产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2006, 26(3): 166–168

Geng W, Xue X Z, Wang Z M. Effects of deep fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat. J Triticeae Crops, 2006, 26(3): 166–168 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[18]石岩, 位东斌, 于振文, 余松烈. 施肥深度对旱地小麦氮素利用及产量的影响. 核农学报, 2001, 15: 180-183

Shi Y, Wei D B, Yu Z W, Yu S L. Effects of fertilizer applicaiton depth on nitrogen utilization and yield in dry land wheat. Acta Agric Nucl Sin, 2001, 15: 180–183 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[19]石岩, 位东斌, 于振文, 余松烈. 施肥深度对旱地小麦花后根系衰老的影响. 应用生态学报, 2001, 12: 573–575

Shi Y, Wei D B, Yu Z W, Yu S L. Influence of fertilization depth on root system senescence of upland wheat after anthesis. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2001, 12: 573–575 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[20]李华伟, 司纪升, 徐月, 张宾, 吴建军, 尹庆良, 王法宏. 耕层优化双行匀播对小麦产量及叶片光合特性的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2014, 34: 802–807

Li H W, Si J S, Xu Y, Zhang B, Wu J J,Yin Q L, Wang F H. Effect of double row sowing-topsoil modification technology on the yield, leaf photosynthetic character of winter wheat. J Triticeae Crops, 2014, 34: 802–807 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[21]Bolinder M A, Angers D A, Dubuc J P. Estimating shoot to root ratios and annual carbon inputs in soils for cereal crops. Agric, Ecosyst Environ, 1997, 63: 61–66

[22]邹琦. 植物生理生化实验指导. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1995

Zou Q. Laboratory Guide for Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1995 (in Chinese)

[23]李儒, 崔荣美, 贾志宽, 韩清芳, 路文涛, 侯贤清. 不同沟垄覆盖方式对冬小麦土壤水分及水分利用效率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 3312–3322

Li R, Cui R M, Jia Z K, Han Q F, Lu W T, Hou X Q, Effects of different furrow-ridge mulching ways on soil moisture and water use efficiency of winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 44: 3312–3322 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[24]Tan W, Liu J, Dai T, Jing Q, Cao W, Jiang D. Alterations in photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity in winter wheat subjected to post-anthesis water-logging. Photosynthetica, 2008, 46: 21–27

[25]魏道智, 宁书菊, 林文雄. 小麦根系活力变化与叶片衰老的研究. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15: 1565–1569

Wei D Z, Ning S J, Lin W Q. Relationship between wheat root activity and leaf senescence. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2004, 15: 1565–1569 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[26]Qin R, Stamp P, Richner W. Impact of tillage on root systems of winter wheat. Agron J, 2004, 96: 1523-1530

[27]李华伟, 徐月, 司纪升, 马汇泉, 吴建军, 王法宏. 不同耕作方式对麦田土壤理化特性的影响, 麦类作物学报, 2014, 34: 1406–1412

Li H W, Xu Y, Si J S, Ma H Q, Wu J J, Wang F H. Influence of double row sowing- topsoil modification technology on soil physical and chemical properties. J Triticeae Crops, 2014, 34: 1406–1412 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[28]Jakobsen B, Dexter A. Effect of soil structure on wheat root growth, water uptake and grain yield: a computer simulation model. Soil Tillage Res, 1987, 10: 331–345

[29]Unger P W, Jones O R. Long-term tillage and cropping systems affect bulk density and penetration resistance of soil cropped to dryland wheat and grain sorghum. Soil Tillage Res, 1998, 45: 39–57

[30]Tennant D. Root growth of wheat I. Early patterns of multiplication and extension of wheat roots including effects of levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Aust J Agric Res, 1976, 27: 183–196

[31]Bingham I, Blackwood J, Stevenson E. Site, scale and time-course for adjustments in lateral root initiation in wheat following changes in C and N supply. Ann Bot, 1997, 80: 97–106

[32]Campbell B, Grime J, Mackey J, Jalili A. The quest for a mechanistic understanding of resource competition in plant communities: the role of experiments. Funct Ecol, 1991, 5: 241–253

[33]Barraclough P, Leigh R. The growth and activity of winter wheat roots in the field: the effect of sowing date and soil type on root growth of high-yielding crops. J Agric Sci, 1984, 103: 59–74

[34]Wang C, Liu W, Li Q, Ma D, Lu H, Feng W, Xie Y, Zhu Y, Guo T. Effects of different irrigation and nitrogen regimes on root growth and its correlation with above-ground plant parts in high-yielding wheat under field conditions. Field Crops Res, 2014, 165: 138–149

[35]姜东, 于振文, 苏波, 许玉敏, 余松烈. 不同施氮时期对冬小麦根系衰老的影响. 作物学报, 1997, 23: 181–190

Jang D, Yu Z W, Su B, Xu Y M, Yu S L. Effect of different application stage of nitrogen on root senescence in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 1997, 23: 181–190 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[1] 翟胜男, 曹新有, 李豪圣, 李吉虎, 李法计, 刘金栋, 夏先春, 吕莹莹, 马瑞峰, 王颖, 耿洪伟, 刘建军. 小麦Pod-A1、Pod-D1和Pod-2D位点等位变异对籽粒过氧化物酶活性的遗传效应分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1593-1603.
[2] 习千辉, 徐梓瑗, 刘梦梦, 王宏艺, 郎凯琳, 井震海, 陈锋, 赵磊. 小麦籽粒铜含量的全基因组关联分析及候选基因预测[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1604-1617.
[3] 毛嘉琦, 黄朋雨, 赵佳佳, 郑兴卫, 武棒棒, 郝宇琼, 屈非, 刘成, 马朋涛, 郑军. 山西小麦品种白粉病抗性评价及抗病基因分子检测[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1669-1681.
[4] 胡川, 赵凯男, 黄修利, 吴金芝, 任开明, 王贺正, 付国占, 黄明, 李友军. 一次灌溉下耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1830-1846.
[5] 陈雪燕, 何华川, 李政嘉, 董新盼, 李藕琪, 刘小云, 李丹萍, 陈志伟, 刘国霞, 吕胜源, 吴印莹, 赵振东, 曹新有, 万何平. 水培盐碱复合胁迫下‘济麦60’苗期根系有机酸分泌动态变化及其转录调控机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1859-1875.
[6] 高沛阳, 李瑾璇, 董宇奎, 石玉, 张振, 张永丽. 测墒补灌下小麦分蘖发生和成穗对施氮量的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1847-1858.
[7] 马胜乾, 王志平, 陈浩天, 窦淑贤, 张燕, 邓艾兴, 张卫建, 原向阳, 宋振伟. 秸秆还田下耕作方式与氮肥施用量对东北玉米产量及土壤团聚体的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1802-1816.
[8] 张献丰, 郭利建, 李康春, 孔斌雪, 刘玉芳, 车卓, 杨德龙. 小麦ABHD6基因家族鉴定与粒重功能标记开发[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1711-1727.
[9] 张宁宁, 滕雨菲, 任娜娜, 魏兴卓, 闫书豪, 樊可心, 王永宏, 陈文康, 张兴华, 朱万超, 徐淑兔, 薛吉全. 201份玉米自交系抗旱表型评价及可塑性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1309-1325.
[10] 张思思, 赵向辉, 周洋, 姚云凤, 朱荣昱, 董元杰, 胡国庆, 徐通, 刘兆新. 冬闲期翻耕和绿肥还田对连作花生田土壤理化性质和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1472-1486.
[11] 王壮壮, 武紫君, 张永新, 张芯源, 袁丽雪, 陈如雪, 刘世举, 段剑钊, 冯伟, 王同朝, 王永华. 豫东南黏壤潮土区水氮优化协同提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521.
[12] 刘昕萌, 任昊, 张继波, 张吉旺, 赵斌, 任佰朝, 刘鹏, 王洪章. 茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)缓解高温影响玉米雌穗分化的生理机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1561-1572.
[13] 王宇诚, 张露, 刘阿康, 黄见良, 彭少兵, 袁珅. 基于产量差的作物大面积单产提升策略与展望[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1279-1290.
[14] 赵佳雪, 周龙昊, 郭岂源, 尚伦霄, 王涵, 刘志涛, 陈曦, 张晓佩, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽. 长期秸秆还田与深松通过改善土壤环境与棉花光合特性提高滨海盐碱地棉花产量[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1548-1560.
[15] 郭星宇, 胡丹, 林苏期, 王梦凯, 谭文峰, 黄传琴. 生物炭配施化肥提高玉米‖大豆下玉米产量和土壤生态系统多功能性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1536-1547.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备15008789号-2