作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1564-1574.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01564
王东*,徐学欣,张洪波,林祥,赵阳
WANG Dong*,XU Xue-Xin,ZHANG Hong-Bo,LIN Xiang,ZHAO Yang
摘要:
2012-2013和2013-2014年度田间试验中设小麦灌浆初期不灌水、畦灌和小麦专用微喷带灌溉个处理,并在灌浆中后期设置不同微喷时间和水量处理,以明确微喷带灌溉对小麦灌浆期冠层温、湿度和粒重的影响。灌浆初期进行处理,当日中午穗层温度降低℃,降幅明显大于W1处理;灌水后第天与无显著差异,第天与无显著差异。处理当日叶片水势显著大于处理,当日光合速率和次日叶片水势与光合速率及千粒重和籽粒产量均与无显著差异,且显著大于处理;的灌水利用效率显著大于处理。在小麦灌浆后期于、、时采用微喷带喷水和均显著降低冠层温度,提高冠层相对湿度、旗叶水势和群体光合速率,且微喷时间越早越有利。本试验结果表明,小麦灌浆初期微喷补灌或中后期在预报高温当天时微喷补水,可显著提高粒重和籽粒产量。
| [1]张喜英, 裴东, 陈素英. 用冠气温差指导冬小麦灌溉的指标研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2002, 10: 102–105Zhang X Y, Pei D, Chen S Y. Use of crop water stress index as indicators for scheduling irrigation in winter wheat. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2002, 10: 102–105 (in Chinese with English abstract)[2]赵风华, 居辉, 欧阳竹. 干热风对灌浆期冬小麦旗叶光合蒸腾的影响. 华北农学报, 2013, 28(5): 144–148Zhao F H, Ju H, Ouyang Z. Effects of dry-hot wind on photosynthesis and transpiration of flag leaf of winter wheat at filling stage. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2013, 28(5): 144–148 (in Chinese with English abstract)[3]解树斌, 曹新有, 刘建军, 程敦公, 赵振东. 高温与干热风对小麦的影响及其防控措施. 山东农业科学, 2013, 45(3): 126–131Xie S B, CaoX Y, Liu J J, Cheng D G, Zhao Z D. Effects of high-temperature and hot-dry wind on wheat and preventative measures. Shandong Agric Sci, 2013, 45(3): 126–131 (in Chinese with English abstract)[4]霍治国, 姜燕, 李世奎, 柏秦风. 小麦干热风灾害等级. 北京: 气象出版社, 2007Huo Z G, Jiang Y, Li S K, Bo Q F. Disaster Grading for Wheat Dry-Hot Wind. Beijing: Meteorological Press, 2007 (in Chinese)[5]北方小麦干热风科研协作组. 小麦干热风气象指标的研究. 中国农业科学, 1983, 16(4): 68–75Coordinated Research Group of Hot-Dry Wind for Wheat in North China. Study on the meteorological index of hot-dry wind for wheat. Sci Agric Sin, 1983, 16(4): 68–75 (in Chinese with English abstract)[6]成林, 张志红, 方文松. 干热风对冬小麦灌浆速率和千粒重的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2014, 34: 248–254Cheng L, Zhang Z H, Fang W S. Effects of dry-hot wind on grain filling speed and 1000-kernel weight of winter wheat. J Triticeae Crops, 2014, 34: 248–254 (in Chinese with English abstract)[7]赵俊芳, 赵艳霞, 郭建平, 房世波. 过去50年黄淮海地区冬小麦干热风发生的时空演变规律. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 2815–2825Zhao J F, Zhao Y X, Guo J P, Fang S B. Spatial-temporal changes of dry-hot wind for winter wheat in Huanghuaihai Plain during the past 50 years. Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 2815–2825 (in Chinese with English abstract)[8]王勇, 马廷蕊, 赵刚, 党翼, 李尚忠, 张建军, 唐小明, 王磊. 遮荫补灌提高陇东旱塬区小麦对干热风的抗逆适应. 灌溉排水学报, 2013, 32(2): 78–80Wang Y, Ma T R, Zhao G, Dang Y, Li S Z, Zhang J J, Tang X M, Wang L. Effect of shading and irrigation on wheat resilience and adaption to dry-hot wind in Longdong Arid High Area. J Irrig Drain, 2013, 32(2): 78–80 (in Chinese with English abstract)[9]Liu H J, Kang Y H. Regulating Field microclimate using sprinkler misting under hot-dry windy conditions. Biosyst Eng, 2006, 95: 349–358[10]Liu H J, Kang Y H. Effect of sprinkler irrigation on microclimate in the winter wheat field in the North China Plain. Agric Water Manag, 2006, 84: 3–19[11]山东农业大学. 小麦专用微喷带: 中国, 201220356553.7. 2013-02-06Shandong Agricultural University. Micro-sprinkling hose special for wheat. China, 201220356553.7. 2013-02-06 (in Chinese)[12]Man J G, Wang D, White P J, Yu Z W. The length of micro-sprinkling hoses delivering supplemental irrigation affects photosynthesis and dry matter production of winter wheat. Field Crops Res, 2014, 168: 65-74[13]Man J G, Yu J S, White P J, Gu S B, Zhang Y L, Guo Q F, Shi Y, Wang D. Effects of supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses on water distribution in soil and grain yield of winter wheat. Field Crops Res, 2014, 161: 26–37[14]Cuenca R H. Irrigation System Design: An Engineering Approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall Inc., 1989[15]Jalilian J, Modarres-Sanavy S A M, Saberali S F, Sadat-Asilan K. Effects of the combination of beneficial microbes and nitrogen on sunflower seed yields and seed quality traits under different irrigation regimes. Field Crops Res, 2012, 127: 26–34[16]韩占江, 于振文, 王东, 张永丽. 测墒补灌对冬小麦干物质积累与分配及水分利用效率的影响. 作物学报, 2010, 36: 457–465Han Z J, Yu Z W, Wang D, Zhang Y L. Effects of supplemental irrigation based on testing soil moisture on dry matter accumulation and distribution and water use efficiency in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36: 457–465 (in Chinese with English abstract)[17]史长丽, 郭家选, 梅旭荣, 赵全胜, 卢志光. 夏玉米农田表面温度影响因素分析. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39: 48–56Shi C L, Guo J X, Mei X R, Zhao Q S, Lu Z G. Analysis of the factors influencing surface temperature in summer maize field. Sci Agric Sin, 2006, 39: 48–56 (in Chinese with English abstract)[18]石培华, 梅旭荣, 冷石林, 杜宝华. 冠层温度与冬小麦农田生态系统水分状况的关系. 应用生态学报, 1997, 8: 332–334Shi P H, Mei X R, Leng S L, Du B H. Relationship between canopy temperature and water condition of winter wheat farmland ecosystem. Chin J Appl Ecol, 1997, 8: 332–334 (in Chinese with English abstract)[19]李丽, 申双和, 李永秀, 韩小梅, 汪秀敏, 李倩, 邹学智. 不同水分处理下冬小麦冠层温度、叶片水势和水分利用效率的变化及相关关系. 干旱地区农业研究, 2012, 30(2): 68–72Li L, Shen S H, Li Y X, Han X M, Wang X M, Li Q, Zou X Z. Variation and interrelationship of winter wheat canopy temperature, leaf water potential and water use efficiency under different water treatments. Agric Res Arid Areas, 2012, 30(2): 68–72 (in Chinese with English abstract)[20]Zhang W Z, Han Y D, Du H J. Relationship between canopy temperature at flowering stage and soil water content, yield components in rice. Rice Sci, 2007, 14: 67–70[21]徐银萍, 宋尚有, 樊廷录. 旱地冬小麦扬花至灌浆期冠层温度与产量和水分利用效率的关系. 甘肃农业科技, 2013, (7): 21–26Xu Y P, Song S Y, Fan T L. relationship between canopy temperature and water use efficiency/grain yield among dryland winter wheat genotypes from blooming to grain filling period. Gansu Agric Sci Tech, 2013, (7): 21–26 (in Chinese with English abstract)[22]胡单, 王长发. 大麦冠层温度及其与光合性能的关联. 西北农业学报, 2011, 20(2): 62–67Hu D, Wang C F. Relationships between canopy temperature and physiological characters of barley. Acta Agric Boreali-Occident Sin, 2011, 20(2): 62–67 (in Chinese with English abstract)[23]Sabine S, Abdoulaye S, Bertrand M, Baboucarr M, Folkard A. Canopy microclimate and gas-exchange in response to irrigation system in lowland rice in the Sahel. Field Crops Res, 2014, 163: 64–73[24]周颖, 刘钰, 蔡甲冰, 施垌林. 冬小麦主要生长期内冠气温差与蒸腾速率的关系. 山西农业科学, 2011, 39: 939–942Zhou Y, Liu Y, Cai J B, Shi J L. relationship between canopy-air temperature difference and transpiration rate at main growth stages in winter wheat. J Shanxi Agric Sci, 2011, 39: 939–942 (in Chinese with English abstract)[25]王勇, 马廷蕊, 赵刚, 党翼, 李尚忠, 张建军, 唐小明, 王磊. 遮荫补灌提高陇东旱塬区小麦对干热风的抗逆适应. 灌溉排水学报, 2013, 32(2): 78–80Wang Y, Ma T R, Zhao G, Dang Y, Li S Z, Zhang J J, Tang X M, Wang L. Effect of shading and irrigation on wheat resilience and adaption to dry-hot wind in Longdong Arid High-area. J Irrig Drain, 2013, 32(2): 78–80 (in Chinese with English abstract)[26]封超年, 郭文善, 施劲松, 彭永欣, 朱新开. 小麦花后高温对籽粒胚乳细胞发育及粒重的影响. 作物学报, 2000, 26: 399–405Feng C N, Guo W S, Shi J S, Peng Y X, Zhu X K. Effect of high temperature after anthesis on endosperm cell development and grain weight in wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2000, 26: 399–405 (in Chinese with English abstract)[27]高金成, 王润芳, 沈玉华, 许连彭, 朱克明, 杨健全. 小麦粒重形成的气象条件研究: I. 粒花乳熟期适宜灌浆的气象条件分析. 中国农业气象, 2001, 22(3): 44–49Gao J C, Wang R F, Shen Y H, Xu L P, Zhu K M, Yang J Q. Study on meteorological conditions for wheat grain weight formation: I. Analysis of suitable meteorological conditions for grain filling at flower and milk stages. Chin J Agromet, 2001, 22(3): 44–49 (in Chinese)[28]王位泰, 王智丽, 张天峰, 蒲金涌, 刘世雄, 车向军, 黄斌. 生态气候因子对黄土高原中部冬小麦粒重的影响规律分析, 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(12): 131–135Wang W T, Wang Z L, Zhang T F, Pu J Y, Liu S X, Che X J, Huang B. A study on impact of eco-climatic factors on seed weight of winter wheat in the middle of Loess Plateau. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2013, 29(12): 131–135 (in Chinese with English abstract)[29]李卫民, 张佳宝, 朱安宁. 空气温湿度对小麦光合作用的影响. 灌溉排水学报, 2008, 27(3): 90–92Li W M, Zhang J B, Zhu A N. Effects of air temperature and humidity on the photosynthesis of winter wheat. J Irrig Drain, 2008, 27(3): 90–92 (in Chinese with English abstract)[30]刘海军, 康跃虎, 刘士平. 喷灌对农田小气候的影响研究, 中国生态农业学报, 2003, 11(4): 103–107Liu H J, Kang Y H, Liu S P. Effects of sprinkler irrigation on the field microclimate. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2003, 11(4): 103–107 (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [1] | 翟胜男, 曹新有, 李豪圣, 李吉虎, 李法计, 刘金栋, 夏先春, 吕莹莹, 马瑞峰, 王颖, 耿洪伟, 刘建军. 小麦Pod-A1、Pod-D1和Pod-2D位点等位变异对籽粒过氧化物酶活性的遗传效应分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1593-1603. |
| [2] | 习千辉, 徐梓瑗, 刘梦梦, 王宏艺, 郎凯琳, 井震海, 陈锋, 赵磊. 小麦籽粒铜含量的全基因组关联分析及候选基因预测[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1604-1617. |
| [3] | 毛嘉琦, 黄朋雨, 赵佳佳, 郑兴卫, 武棒棒, 郝宇琼, 屈非, 刘成, 马朋涛, 郑军. 山西小麦品种白粉病抗性评价及抗病基因分子检测[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1669-1681. |
| [4] | 胡川, 赵凯男, 黄修利, 吴金芝, 任开明, 王贺正, 付国占, 黄明, 李友军. 一次灌溉下耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1830-1846. |
| [5] | 陈雪燕, 何华川, 李政嘉, 董新盼, 李藕琪, 刘小云, 李丹萍, 陈志伟, 刘国霞, 吕胜源, 吴印莹, 赵振东, 曹新有, 万何平. 水培盐碱复合胁迫下‘济麦60’苗期根系有机酸分泌动态变化及其转录调控机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1859-1875. |
| [6] | 高沛阳, 李瑾璇, 董宇奎, 石玉, 张振, 张永丽. 测墒补灌下小麦分蘖发生和成穗对施氮量的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1847-1858. |
| [7] | 张献丰, 郭利建, 李康春, 孔斌雪, 刘玉芳, 车卓, 杨德龙. 小麦ABHD6基因家族鉴定与粒重功能标记开发[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1711-1727. |
| [8] | 王壮壮, 武紫君, 张永新, 张芯源, 袁丽雪, 陈如雪, 刘世举, 段剑钊, 冯伟, 王同朝, 王永华. 豫东南黏壤潮土区水氮优化协同提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521. |
| [9] | 何万龙, 耿洪伟, 张飞飞, 米克热阿依·阿巴白克热, 罗紫洋, 李鹏程, 周钊宇, 程宇坤. 基于深度学习的小麦重要病害图像识别系统的研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1401-1417. |
| [10] | 张振, 冯连杰, 石玉, 于振文, 张永丽. 节水补灌下不同穗型小麦产量形成差异研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1522-1535. |
| [11] | 侯思宇, 王国璀, 韦金贵, 谢玮欣, 殷文, 樊志龙, 柴强, 胡发龙. 绿肥配施化学氮肥对西北干旱灌区小麦干物质积累及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1208-1219. |
| [12] | 尚云秋, 赵竹, 陈欢, 丁永刚, 乔玉强, 李玮, 张向前, 曹承富, 杜世州. 长期定位耕作方式对雨养小麦籽粒灌浆和产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1236-1250. |
| [13] | 乔宇馨, 李程越, 康晓玉, 张鑫琪, 贾绍辉, 刘倩, 曹亚丽, 史鑫蕊, 郝兴宇, 李萍. 基于APSIM模型的长期免耕秸秆覆盖对旱地小麦增产效应研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1181-1192. |
| [14] | 李灿, 张喜伟, 朱博涛, 张沛沛. 小麦GSK激酶TaSK41的功能分析及互作蛋白的筛选[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(3): 677-687. |
| [15] | 侯洁, 付朵朵, 武海峰, 郝宇琼, 郑兴卫, 武棒棒, 周凯, 李晓华, 郑军, 赵佳佳. 山西省小麦地方品种的染色体多样性及遗传效应分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(3): 746-763. |
|
||