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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 614-630.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.93034

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

密度和株行距配置对川中丘区夏玉米群体光分布及雌雄穗分化的影响

金容1,2,李钟2,杨云2,周芳1,杜伦静1,李小龙1,孔凡磊1,袁继超1,*()   

  1. 1 四川农业大学农学院 / 作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室, 四川成都 611130
    2 南充市农业科学院, 四川南充 637000
  • 收稿日期:2019-06-12 接受日期:2019-09-26 出版日期:2020-04-12 网络出版日期:2019-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 袁继超
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1256100416@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(20150312705);国家重点研发计划项目(玉米密植机收)(2016YFD0300307);国家重点研发计划项目(资源高效模式)资助(2016YFD0300209)

Effects of density and row spacing on population light distribution and male and female spike differentiation of summer maize in hilly area of central Sichuan

JIN Rong1,2,LI Zhong2,YANG Yun2,ZHOU Fang1,DU Lun-Jing1,LI Xiao-Long1,KONG Fan-Lei1,YUAN Ji-Chao1,*()   

  1. 1 College Agronomy of Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology and Cultivation of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    2 Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2019-06-12 Accepted:2019-09-26 Published:2020-04-12 Published online:2019-10-14
  • Contact: Ji-Chao YUAN
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(20150312705);the National Key Research and Developing Program of China (Dense Planting and Machine Harvesting)(2016YFD0300307);the National Key Research and Developing Program (China-Resource Efficient Mode)(2016YFD0300209)

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摘要：

为了便于全程机械化生产, 四川中部部分地区玉米生产已逐渐由套作春播转变为净作夏播。为了明确本区域净作夏玉米高产、宜机的群体结构, 采用两因素裂区试验设计, 研究了种植密度和株行距配置对夏玉米群体光分布及雌雄穗分化和产量的影响。结果表明, 随种植密度增加, 玉米有效穗数增加, 但因空秆和倒伏增加导致有效穗数增幅逐渐减少甚至最终降低; 密度增加使玉米叶片茎叶夹角和开张角降低, 叶向值增加, 群体透光率明显降低, 消光系数增大, 雌雄穗小穗分化期和小花分化期幼穗长度和中部直径、吐丝期雄穗主轴长度和成对小穗数以及雌穗总小花数、吐丝小花数、受精小花数和单株果穗受精率均降低, 而退化小花数、败育花数和花败育率均增加, 最终导致玉米秃尖变长, 穗粒数和百粒重显著降低。产量随种植密度增加而先增后降, 以67,500株 hm -2最高, 2年平均较45,000株 hm -2和90,000株 hm -2密度分别显著增加17.00%和14.03%。此外, 2年在45,000株 hm -2和67,500株 hm -2密度下, 等行距均优于相应宽窄行, 60 cm等行距处理下玉米株型紧凑, 能改善群体受光条件, 提高玉米单株果穗受精率, 降低小花败育率, 籽粒产量较高; 在2018年90,000株 hm -2密度下, (110+50) cm宽窄行处理更能改善田间通风透光条件, 促进雌雄穗分化, 提高玉米籽粒产量。因此, 川中丘区夏玉米高产栽培应适当缩行增密, 宜采用67,500株 hm -2密度搭配60 cm等行距种植。

关键词: 密度, 株行距配置, 玉米, 叶型, 光合有效辐射, 雌雄穗, 产量构成

Abstract:

In order to facilitate mechanical production, the corn production in parts of central Sichuan has gradually changed from the intercropping spring planting to the net summer planting. In order to clarify the population structure of the net summer maize for high yield and suitable for mechanization in the region, the effects of density and row spacing on population light distribution and male and female spike differentiation of summer maize were studied with two-factor splitting test design. With the increase of planting density, the maize effective panicle increased, with a gradually decreased increase range, and finally decreased due to the increase of empty stalk and lodging. With the density increased, the angle between stem and leaf and the opening angle decreased, the leaf orientation value increased, the group transmittance decreased significantly, the extinction coefficient increased, and the spike length and middle diameter of the male and female spikes at the panicle differentiation and floret differentiation stages, the tassel spindle length and pairs spikelet number at the silking stage, as well as the total small flower number, the silking floret number, the fertilized floret number and the fertilization rate per plant decreased, while the degraded floret number, the abortive flower number and the abortion rate increased, which eventually led maize bald ear tip become longer, the grain number per panicle and 100-grain weight decreased significantly. With the increase of planting density, the yield increased first and then decreased, with the highest yield under 67,500 plants hm -2. For the average yield of two years, the treatment of 67,500 plants hm -2 had a significant increase of 17.00% and 14.03% compared with the treatments of 45,000 and 90,000 plants hm -2, respectively. In addition, under the density of 45,000 and 67,500 plants hm -2 for two years, the equal row spacing was better than the corresponding wide and narrow rows, and the maize plant type was compact in 60 cm row spacing treatment, which improved group light conditions and fertilization rate per plant, reduced small flower abortion rate, and increased maize yield. Under the density of 90,000 plants hm -2 in 2018, (110+50) cm wide and narrow treatment improved the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field, promoted the differentiation of female and male ears, and increased the maize yield. Therefore, the high-yield cultivation of summer maize in the central Sichuan area should be performed by properly reducing row spacing and increasing plant density, which are suggested as (60+60) cm and 67,500 plants hm -2 respectively.

Key words: density, row spacing, maize, leaf type, photosynthetically active radiation, male and female spike, yield composition

图1

玉米生育期间气温和降水量"

图2

密度和株行距配置对玉米叶片着生状态的影响 柱上不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05); A1、A2和A3代表种植密度分别为45,000、67,500和90,000株 hm-2; B1、B2、B3、B4和B5代表行距配置分别为(60+60)、(80+40)、(80+80)、(110+50)和(100+100) cm; Above、Ear和Under分别代表穗上第1叶、穗位叶和穗下第1叶。"

图3

密度和株行距配置对玉米群体透光率的影响 A1、A2和A3代表种植密度分别为45,000、67,500和90,000株 hm-2; B2-narrow、B4-narrow、B1-equal、B3-equal、B2-wide、B4-wide和B5-equal分别代表40、50、60、80、80、110和100 cm的行距。"

表1

不同密度和行距配置下玉米群体消光系数方程[(ln(I/I0) = kh+a)]"

年份
Year		 密度
Density		 行距
Row spacing		 消光系数方程
Logarithmic function		 R2
2017 A1 B1-等 B1-equal ln(I/I0) = 0.0090h +2.5523 0.9696**
B2-宽 B2-wide ln(I/I0) = 0.0047h +3.5541 0.9531**
B2-窄 B2-narrow ln(I/I0) = 0.0106h +2.0671 0.9791**
B3-等 B3-equal ln(I/I0) = 0.0059h +3.2565 0.9735**
B4-宽 B4-wide ln(I/I0) = 0.0041h +3.7290 0.9239**
B4-窄 B4-narrow ln(I/I0) = 0.0102h +2.2405 0.9767**
B5-等 B5-equal ln(I/I0) = 0.0046h +3.6143 0.9384**
A2 B1-等 B1-equal ln(I/I0) = 0.0103h +2.1728 0.9674**
B2-宽 B2-wide ln(I/I0) = 0.0073h +2.8467 0.9763**
B2-窄 B2-narrow ln(I/I0) = 0.0122h +1.6108 0.9926**
B3-等 B3-equal ln(I/I0) = 0.0076h +2.7509 0.9598**
B4-宽 B4-wide ln(I/I0) = 0.0056h +3.3087 0.9575**
B4-窄 B4-narrow ln(I/I0) = 0.0112h +1.9446 0.9674**
B5-等 B5-equal ln(I/I0) = 0.0061h +3.1839 0.9775**
2018 A1 B1-等 B1-equal ln(I/I0) = 0.0077h +2.6975 0.9640**
B2-宽 B2-wide ln(I/I0) = 0.0061h +3.0639 0.9576**
B2-窄 B2-narrow ln(I/I0) = 0.0088h +2.2892 0.9760**
B3-等 B3-equal ln(I/I0) = 0.0071h +2.8679 0.9554**
B4-宽 B4-wide ln(I/I0) = 0.0056h +3.3071 0.9567**
B4-窄 B4-narrow ln(I/I0) = 0.0083h +2.5240 0.9855**
A2 B1-等 B1-equal ln(I/I0) = 0.0087h +2.2735 0.9735**
B2-宽 B2-wide ln(I/I0) = 0.0078h +2.5173 0.9739**
B2-窄 B2-narrow ln(I/I0) = 0.0091h+2.1131 0.9645**
B3-等 B3-equal ln(I/I0) = 0.0079h +2.5433 0.9878**
B4-宽 B4-wide ln(I/I0) = 0.0077h +2.8264 0.9424**
B4-窄 B4-narrow ln(I/I0) = 0.0088h +2.2422 0.9789**
A3 B1-等 B1-equal ln(I/I0) = 0.0108h +1.7759 0.9797**
B2-宽 B2-wide ln(I/I0) = 0.0102h +1.9959 0.9763**
B2-窄 B2-narrow ln(I/I0) = 0.0116h +1.4354 0.9661**
B3-等 B3-equal ln(I/I0) = 0.0104h +1.9499 0.9817**
B4-宽 B4-wide ln(I/I0) = 0.0100h +2.2203 0.9614**
B4-窄 B4-narrow ln(I/I0) = 0.0110h +1.6780 0.9755**

表2

密度和株行距配置对玉米雌雄穗幼穗分化的影响"

时期
Stage		 密度 Density 株行距配置
Row spacing		 雌穗Ear 雄穗Tassel
长度
Length
(mm)		 中部直径
Middle part
diameter (mm)		 长度
Length
(mm)		 中部直径
Middle part diameter (mm)
小穗分化期
Spikelet differentiation period		 A1 B1 6.59 1.66 5.73 1.43
B2 5.61 1.55 5.68 1.06
B3 6.26 1.75 5.46 1.32
B4 5.32 1.98 4.84 0.96
B5 5.66 1.41 4.56 1.05
平均值Average 5.89 1.67 5.25 1.16
A2 B1 5.41 1.69 4.93 1.18
B2 5.11 1.46 4.85 1.06
B3 5.00 1.59 3.46 0.96
B4 4.56 1.57 3.32 0.97
B5 4.21 1.57 3.13 0.93
平均值Average 4.86 1.58 3.94 1.02
小花分化期
Floret differentiation period
 A1 B1 24.63 4.11 22.58 4.36
B2 21.08 4.13 21.88 3.72
B3 22.20 4.26 20.32 3.98
B4 19.95 4.30 20.39 3.98
B5 20.01 4.03 20.46 3.49
平均值Average 21.57 4.17 21.13 3.91
A2 B1 18.28 3.83 21.37 3.95
B2 17.74 4.13 17.69 3.15
B3 14.49 4.11 17.93 3.49
B4 14.43 4.08 17.18 3.02
B5 13.44 3.89 17.12 3.09
平均值Average 15.68 4.01 18.26 3.34

图4

玉米雌穗小穗分化和小花分化期形态特征 a1~a5分别代表小穗分化期(6月29日)的A1B1~A1B5; b1~b5分别代表小穗分化期(6月29日)的A2B1~A2B5; c1~c5分别代表小花分化期(7月7日)的A1B1~A1B5; d1~d5分别代表小花分化期(7月7日)的A2B1~A2B5。"

图5

玉米雄穗小穗分化和小花分化期形态特征 a1~a5分别代表小穗分化期(6月20日)的A1B1~A1B5; b1~b5分别代表小穗分化期(6月20日)的A2B1~A2B5; c1~c5分别代表小花分化期(6月26日)的A1B1~A1B5; d1~d5分别代表小花分化期(6月26日)的A2B1~A2B5。"

表3

密度和株行距配置对玉米雄穗特性的影响"

年份
Year		 密度
Density		 株行距配置
Row spacing		 主轴长度
Spindle length (cm)		 分枝数
Branch number		 成对小穗数
Spikelet number
2017 A1 B1 46.55 a 8.50 a 364.13 a
B2 46.25 a 8.25 a 348.00 ab
B3 45.90 a 8.75 a 344.00 b
B4 45.45 ab 8.25 a 342.50 b
B5 44.63 b 8.50 a 336.25 b
平均值Average 45.76 A 8.45 A 346.98 A
A2 B1 44.75 a 8.50 a 352.50 a
B2 43.45 ab 8.00 a 350.75 a
B3 43.18 b 8.50 a 341.75 a
B4 42.00 b 8.25 a 337.50 a
B5 42.00 b 8.00 a 335.00 a
平均值Average 43.08 A 8.25 A 343.50 A
F值 密度 Density (D) 18.55* 3.00 2.71
F-value 行距Row spacing (R) 5.16** 0.38 3.02*
密度×行距D×R 0.52 0.10 0.27
2018 A1 B1 59.00 a 9.40 a 355.00 a
B2 58.60 a 8.80 a 326.40 ab
B3 57.30 ab 9.80 a 343.60 a
B4 56.00 b 9.40 a 319.40 b
平均值Average 57.73 A 9.35 A 336.10 A
A2 B1 56.70 ab 9.20 a 315.20 a
B2 58.50 a 8.80 a 314.60 a
B3 55.30 bc 9.20 a 312.60 a
B4 54.50 c 9.20 a 301.20 a
平均值Average 56.25 B 9.10 A 310.90 B
A3 B1 55.90 a 8.80 a 282.80 a
B2 55.50 a 8.60 a 270.80 a
B3 52.80 b 9.00 a 289.00 a
B4 55.80 a 9.20 a 289.00 a
平均值Average 55.00 B 8.90 A 282.90 C
F值 密度 Density (D) 21.09** 0.34 29.29**
F-value 行距Row spacing (R) 8.08** 0.82 0.87
密度×行距 D×R 2.42* 0.11 0.55

表4

密度和株行距配置对玉米雌穗分化特性的影响"

年份
Year		 密度
Density		 行距
Row spacing		 分化的小花总数
No. of total florets		 吐丝小花数
No. of silked florets		 正常受精小花数No. of fertilized
florets		 退化小花数No. of degenerated
florets		 败育花数
No. of abortive
florets		 花败育率
Abortion rate
of floret (%)		 单株果穗受精率Fertilization rate per plant (%)
2017 A1 B1 925.67 a 877.00 a 809.00 a 48.67 b 116.67 b 12.60 b 92.24 a
B2 900.33 b 839.00 b 767.67 b 61.33 b 132.67 b 14.73 b 91.54 ab
B3 929.00 a 875.00 a 805.67 a 54.00 b 123.33 b 13.26 b 92.08 a
B4 927.00 a 873.00 a 795.00 a 54.00 b 132.00 b 14.24 b 91.08 ab
B5 930.00 a 825.67 b 745.00 c 104.33 a 185.00 a 19.89 a 90.26 b
平均值Average 922.40 A 857.93 A 784.47 A 64.47 A 137.93 A 14.94 A 91.44 A
A2 B1 898.00 b 832.67 ab 762.33 a 65.33 b 135.67 c 15.11 c 91.56 a
B2 881.33 c 811.67 b 741.33 a 69.67 b 140.00 c 15.88 c 91.31 a
B3 904.00 ab 837.00 a 761.00 a 67.00 b 143.00 c 15.81 c 90.92 a
B4 901.33 ab 822.00 ab 714.00 b 79.33 b 187.33 b 20.82 b 86.84 b
B5 918.67 a 789.00 c 673.33 c 129.67 a 245.33 a 26.67 a 85.39 b
平均值Average 900.67 A 818.47 A 730.40 A 82.20 A 170.27 A 18.86 A 89.20 A
F值F-value 密度Density(D) 15.64 45.19* 21.88* 54.30* 60.49* 91.34* 1.11
行距 Row spacing (R) 6.65** 13.68** 21.52** 17.77** 19.54** 18.18** 13.12**
密度×行距(D×R) 0.47 0.60 2.75 0.41 2.10 2.08 4.62*
2018 A1 B1 910.83 a 849.17 b 776.67 a 61.67 a 134.17 c 14.73 c 91.52 a
B2 878.50 c 842.67 b 748.00 b 35.83 c 130.50 c 14.84 c 88.85 b
B3 919.17 a 883.00 a 745.67 b 36.17 c 173.50 a 18.83 a 84.42 c
B4 893.00 b 837.50 b 739.00 b 55.50 b 154.00 b 17.19 b 88.31 b
平均值Average 900.38 A 853.08 A 752.33 A 47.29 B 148.04 B 16.40 C 88.28 A
A2 B1 857.83 b 825.83 ab 715.33 a 32.00 c 142.50 c 16.61 c 86.69 a
B2 855.67 b 804.33 b 687.33 b 51.33 b 168.33 b 19.67 b 85.47 a
B3 901.17 a 844.00 a 702.17 ab 57.17 a 199.00 a 21.97 a 83.20 b
B4 874.83 b 816.50 b 670.17 c 58.33 a 204.67 a 23.40 a 82.29 b
平均值Average 872.38 B 822.67 B 693.75 B 49.71 AB 178.63 A 20.41 B 84.41 B
A3 B1 845.33 a 783.50 a 650.33 a 61.83 a 195.00 a 23.01 a 82.97 a
B2 807.50 b 749.00 b 617.33 b 58.50 a 190.17 a 23.47 a 82.40 a
B3 855.33 a 794.83 a 659.17 a 60.50 a 196.17 a 22.93 a 82.95 a
B4 862.67 a 801.33 a 667.33 a 61.33 a 195.33 a 22.62 a 83.28 a
平均值Average 842.71 C 782.17 C 648.54 C 60.54 A 194.17 A 23.01 A 82.90 B
F值F-value 密度 Density(D) 67.38** 75.72** 190.38** 14.84* 39.14** 156.19** 49.98**
行距 Row spacing(R) 15.87** 9.31** 9.41** 12.28** 17.30** 20.11** 10.30**
密度×行距(D×R) 2.63 1.92 5.95** 32.37** 5.47** 9.30** 4.65**

表5

密度和株行距配置对玉米产量及其构成的影响"

年份Year 密度Density 行距
Row spacing		 穗长
Ear length (cm)		 秃尖
Bald length (cm)		 穗粗
Ear diameter (cm)		 空秆率Empty rate (%) 倒伏率Lodging rate (%) 行粒数
No. of kernels per line		 穗粒数
No. of kernels per ear		 百粒重
100-grain weight (g)		 有效穗数
Effective number of spikes		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
2017 A1 B1 18.12 a 0.97 b 4.86 a 0.33 a 3.72 a 43.06 a 706.52 a 26.47 a 45833.34 a 7080.28 a
B2 17.63 ab 1.23 ab 4.54 c 0.00 a 7.78 a 41.17 b 647.75 b 26.80 a 45061.73 a 6968.19 a
B3 17.97 a 1.20 ab 4.69 b 0.00 a 3.96 a 41.94 ab 698.76 a 26.47 a 43865.74 a 6889.22 ab
B4 17.50 b 1.03 b 4.54 c 0.00 a 4.32 a 41.84 ab 692.21 a 26.16 a 42939.82 ab 6542.59 bc
B5 18.02 a 1.65 a 4.63 b 0.00 a 2.95 a 41.90 ab 688.73 a 26.28 a 40277.78 b 6494.62 c
平均值Average 17.85 A 1.22 A 4.65 A 0.07 A 4.55 B 41.98 A 686.80 A 26.44 A 43595.68 B 6794.98 A
A2 B1 16.62 ab 1.23 b 4.51 a 0.07 b 5.96 b 40.41 a 651.69 a 23.35 a 66203.70 a 8617.63 a
B2 16.75 a 1.58 ab 4.41 b 0.68 a 13.06 a 39.07 ab 642.70 a 21.95 b 67746.92 a 8425.19 a
B3 16.80 a 1.48 ab 4.51 a 0.90 a 7.73 b 39.35 ab 650.86 a 23.10 a 62384.26 b 8190.65 a
B4 16.20 b 1.52 ab 4.40 b 0.60 a 13.02 a 38.27 b 621.90 a 23.73 a 60648.15 b 7639.54 b
B5 17.02 a 1.75 a 4.46 ab 0.00 b 6.46 b 39.14 ab 645.86 a 23.03 a 56388.89 c 7390.68 b
平均值 Average 16.68 A 1.51 A 4.46 A 0.45 A 9.25 A 39.25 A 642.60 B 23.03 A 62674.38 A 8052.74 A
F值 密度Density (D) 26.18* 34.59* 16.88 4.47 108.54** 25.25* 169.86** 78.01* 202.51** 49.04*
F-value 行距 Row spacing (R) 3.41* 2.89 15.64** 1.34 3.68* 2.55 2.16 0.92 12.45** 9.57**
密度×行距 D×R 0.76 0.29 3.92* 2.80 0.89 0.39 1.68 3.43* 1.82 1.08
2018 A1 B1 17.59 b 1.89 a 5.07 b 3.11 a 3.15 a 37.39 ab 640.73 a 29.95 a 46969.70 a 7475.55 a
B2 18.04 a 2.01 a 5.13 a 3.59 a 3.94 a 36.60 c 623.44 b 29.49 a 45286.20 a 7128.53 b
B3 18.01 a 1.91 a 5.07 b 2.43 a 1.64 a 37.99 a 647.04 a 29.66 a 44570.71 a 7185.98 b
B4 17.98 a 2.11 a 5.07 b 1.86 a 1.87 a 36.93 bc 627.82 b 29.92 a 45959.60 a 7046.00 b
平均值 Average 17.90 A 1.98 A 5.08 A 2.75 A 2.65 A 37.23 A 634.76 A 29.75 A 45696.55 A 7209.02 B
A2 B1 16.81 ab 2.11 ab 4.96 a 2.28 a 6.90 a 32.96 a 561.20 a 29.59 a 63973.06 a 8783.38 a
B2 17.00 a 2.35 a 4.96 a 3.91 a 8.38 a 31.45 b 531.64 b 29.04 a 61952.86 a 8351.56 b
B3 16.62 b 1.90 bd 5.00 a 1.66 a 11.92 a 32.87 a 559.99 a 29.41 a 57449.49 b 7994.91 c
B4 16.71 b 2.10 bc 4.98 a 3.39 a 14.41 a 32.66 a 557.33 a 29.11 a 60732.32 a 8200.29 b
平均值 Average 16.79 AB 2.12 A 4.97 AB 2.81 A 10.40 A 32.49 B 552.54 B 29.28 AB 61026.94 A 8332.54 A
A3 B1 15.73 ab 2.36 a 4.85 ab 18.03 a 37.59 a 26.67 b 451.65 bc 28.36 a 63131.31 b 7090.71 b
B2 15.56 b 2.43 a 4.83 b 18.34 a 43.88 a 26.65 b 449.94 c 28.81 a 64141.41 ab 6888.06 b
B3 15.80 ab 2.08 b 4.87 ab 14.01 a 33.94 ab 27.57 b 468.68 b 28.94 a 63510.10 b 7094.03 b
B4 16.03 a 2.28 ab 4.89 a 7.07 b 26.16 b 28.97 a 492.50 a 28.99 a 68308.08 a 7665.79 a
平均值 Average 15.78 B 2.29 A 4.86 B 14.36 A 35.39 A 27.46 C 465.69 C 28.78 B 64772.73 A 7184.65 B
F值 密度Density (D) 21.30** 8.80* 16.49* 4.71 8.30* 47.18** 48.49** 11.02* 7.78* 61.72**
F-value 行距 Row spacing (R) 2.09 4.35* 0.67 2.41 0.53 5.93** 9.47** 0.46 2.55 7.28**
密度×行距 D×R 4.31** 0.96 1.64 1.71 1.39 2.70* 4.08** 1.02 1.72 7.59**

表6

雌雄穗特性与产量构成因素以及穗位层透光率的关系"

指标
Index		 穗长
Ear length		 秃尖长
Bald length		 穗粗
Ear diameter		 行粒数
No. of kernels per line		 穗粒数
No. of kernels per ear		 百粒重
100-grain weight		 穗位层透光率
Light transmittance of ear position layer		 消光系数
Extinction coefficient
小穗分化期Spikelet differentiation 雌穗特性
Ear characteristics		 长Length 0.78** -0.72* 0.89** 0.88** 0.80** 0.72* 0.16 0
中部直径Central diameter 0.15 0.22 -0.73* 0.37 0.43 0.32 0.02 0.07
雄穗特性
Tassel characteristics		 长Length 0.66* -0.73* 0.64* 0.78** 0.60 0.64* 0.03 0.18
中部直径Central diameter 0.56 -0.62* 0.83** 0.67* 0.63* 0.44 -0.11 0.22
小花分化期Floret differentiation 雌穗特性
Ear characteristics		 长Length 0.82** -0.75** 0.83** 0.92** 0.79** 0.79** 0.24 -0.01
中部直径Central diameter 0.40 -0.46 0.26 0.37 0.44 0.49 0.26 -0.21
雄穗特性
Tassel characteristics		 长Length 0.69* -0.77** 0.74** 0.87** 0.65* 0.76** 0.17 0.08
中部直径Central diameter 0.65* -0.90** 0.81** 0.87** 0.78** 0.67* 0.05 0.12
吐丝期
Silking stage		 雌穗特性
Ear characteristics		 总小花数No. of total florets/ear 0.73** -0.77** -0.30 0.89** 0.91** -0.37 0.83** -0.75**
吐丝小花数No. of silked florets 0.79** -0.66** 0.10 0.72** 0.77** 0.02 0.53** -0.53*
受精小花数No. of fertilization florets 0.79** -0.82** -0.18 0.88** 0.89** -0.27 0.59** -0.50*
小花败育率Rate of floret barrenness -0.64** 0.65** 0.06 -0.66** -0.67** 0.13 -0.28 0.22
单株果穗受精率Fertilization rate per ear 0.64** -0.80** -0.41 0.85** 0.84** -0.48* 0.52* -0.39
雄穗特性
Tassel characteristics		 成对小穗数Spikelet number 0.71** -0.82** -0.38 0.94** 0.93** -0.51* 0.58** -0.51*
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