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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9): 1791-1805.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04154

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下春大豆品种绥农26形态、光合生理及产量的影响

张明聪1(), 何松榆1(), 秦彬1, 王孟雪1, 金喜军1, 任春元1, 吴耀坤2, 张玉先1,*   

  1. 1黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 黑龙江大庆 163319
    2黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院, 黑龙江大庆 163316
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-11 接受日期:2021-01-21 出版日期:2021-09-12 网络出版日期:2021-03-10
  • 通讯作者: 张玉先
  • 作者简介:张明聪, E-mail: zhangmingcong@163.com|何松榆, E-mail: 1274167812@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“大田经济作物优质丰产的生理基础与调控”(2018YFD1000905);中国博士后科学基金项目(2016M591561);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C2016042);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划项目(GA19B101-02);黑龙江省农垦总局重点科研计划项目(HKKY190206-01);黑龙江八一农垦大学博士科研启动基金项目(XYB2014-04)

Effects of exogenous melatonin on morphology, photosynthetic physiology, and yield of spring soybean variety Suinong 26 under drought stress

ZHANG Ming-Cong1(), HE Song-Yu1(), QIN Bin1, WANG Meng-Xue1, JIN Xi-Jun1, REN Chun-Yuan1, WU Yao-Kun2, ZHANG Yu-Xian1,*   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    2Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163316, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2020-07-11 Accepted:2021-01-21 Published:2021-09-12 Published online:2021-03-10
  • Contact: ZHANG Yu-Xian
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China “Physiological Basis and Agronomic Management for High-quality and High-yield of Field Cash Crops”(2018YFD1000905);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M591561);Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(C2016042);Applied Technology Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province(GA19B101-02);Key Scientific Research Projects of Heilongjiang Farms and Land Reclamation administration(HKKY190206-01);Doctoral Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University(XYB2014-04)

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摘要：

苗期干旱是影响东北大豆生长的主要因素之一, 研究外源褪黑素对大豆苗期抗旱的调控效应具有重要意义。试验于2018—2019年进行, 以‘绥农26’为材料, 正常浇灌营养液处理为对照(CK), 研究了干旱胁迫(D)、干旱胁迫+叶面喷施褪黑素(LM)和干旱胁迫+浇灌褪黑素(RM)处理对大豆苗期生理指标和产量的影响。结果表明, 与干旱胁迫(D)处理相比, 施用褪黑素处理(LM和RM)提高干旱胁迫下大豆气体交换参数、苗期各器官干物质积累量、叶片中抗氧化酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量。其中, V2期和V4期的净光合速率、气孔导度以及V4期蒸腾速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度均显著提高(P<0.05); RM处理POD和CAT均显著增加(P<0.05); V2期和V4期干旱后第8天可溶性蛋白含量增幅显著(P<0.05)。与D处理相比, V2和V4期LM处理大豆产量年均增加24.2% (P<0.05)和19.1%, RM处理年均增加38.6% (P<0.05)和56.3% (P<0.05), 其中, 与LM处理相比, RM处理产量年均增加11.6%和31.3% (P<0.05)。表明, 应用褪黑素提高干旱胁迫下大豆产量, 其中浇灌褪黑素处理产量高于叶面喷施处理。

关键词: 干旱胁迫, 褪黑素, 大豆, 生长发育, 产量

Abstract:

It is of great significance to study the mechanism of improving the drought resistance ability of soybean seedlings for the growth of soybean seedlings in Northeast China. This experiment was conducted using ‘Suinong 26’ as the experimental material with four treatments to investigate the physiological indexes and yield of soybean under drought stress, including the normal nutrient solution (CK), the drought stress treatment (D), the drought stress + foliar spraying melatonin treatment (LM), and the drought stress + irrigation melatonin treatment (RM). The results indicated that the gas exchange parameters, the dry matter accumulation of organ at seedling stage, the activities of antioxidant enzyme, and the content of soluble protein were increased under LM and RM compared with D. The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were significantly increased at V2 and V4 stages, and the transpiration rate and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration were significantly increased at V4 stage with P < 0.05; POD and CAT of RM were significantly increased at P < 0.05; the content of soluble protein was significantly increased after drought stress at V2 and V4 stages at P < 0.05. Compared with D, the yield of soybean with LM at V2 and V4 stages was increased by 24.2% and 19.1% at P < 0.05, RM increased by 38.6% and 56.3% at P < 0.05. Compared with LM, the yield of soybean with RM at V2 and V4 stages was increased by 11.6% and 31.3% at P < 0.05. These results revealed that the application of melatonin increased the yield of soybean under drought stress and the yield of soybean with irrigation melatonin treatment was higher than that of foliar spraying melatonin treatment.

Key words: drought stress, melatonin, soybean, growth and development, yield

表1

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆株高和叶面积的影响"

指标
Index 		年份
Year 		处理
Treatment 		V2 V4
4 d 8 d 4 d 8 d
株高
Plant height (cm) 		2018 CK 16.76±0.85 a 18.33±0.40 a 21.10±2.55 a 27.63±1.62 a
D 14.87±0.55 b 15.36±0.31 c 17.360±1.05 b 24.03±1.90 b
LM 16.03±0.41 a 16.27±0.41 b 17.80±1.99 ab 25.26±0.64 ab
RM 16.27±0.45 a 16.56±0.61 b 19.20±0.96 ab 25.33±0.76 ab
2019 CK 17.67±0.91 a 18.47±1.17 a 23.87±0.42 ab 30.00±1.87 a
D 15.23±0.75 b 15.77±0.40 a 20.47±0.06 c 25.37±2.41 b
LM 17.30±1.75 ab 17.43±1.12 a 22.90±1.31 b 29.00±0.36 a
RM 16.93±1.08 ab 17.03±2.45 a 24.67±1.04 a 25.77±0.64 b
叶面积
Leaf area (mm2) 		2018 CK 4308.4±166 a 5188.4±123 a 8601.8±157 a 9825.2±173 a
D 2735.5±223 c 3674.9±137 d 5728.9±157 c 6121.5±98 c
LM 3412.1±160 b 4404.0±170 c 5775.9±152 c 6410.2±156 b
RM 3505.1±134 b 4820.9±117 b 6247.5±216 b 6174.6±96 bc
2019 CK 4115.2±284 a 5246.1±111 a 9143.6±282 a 13,317.6±153 a
D 2708.2±131 c 2924.1±137 c 5749.3±143 c 6664.6±216 b
LM 3312.1±183 b 3442.4±150 b 7290.5±190 b 7575.9±203 b
RM 3521.4±124 b 3655.2±152 b 7398.0±224 b 7727.0±154 b

表2

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆根系形态指标的影响"

指标
Index 		年份
Year 		处理
Treatment 		V2 V4
4 d 8 d 4 d 8 d
根长
Root length (cm) 		2018 CK 24.16±0.31 a 25.90±0.43 c 45.67±1.72 a 54.73±5.03 b
D 24.86±1.32 a 27.20±0.36 b 46.43±3.09 a 58.30±1.90 ab
LM 25.50±0.60 a 27.80±0.36 ab 46.76±5.81 a 64.33±4.20 a
RM 25.80±1.34 a 28.36±0.41 a 48.30±4.27 a 62.16±1.42 a
2019 CK 23.23±2.10 b 24.43±1.90 a 52.27±7.92 a 58.47±1.22 a
D 25.03±0.95 ab 25.53±1.16 a 63.07±12.0 a 60.83±2.06 a
LM 25.87±2.08 ab 26.80±2.91 a 63.13±1.52 a 68.40±6.09 a
RM 26.73±1.23 a 26.10±1.05 a 62.53±4.77 a 64.63±8.64 a
根体积
Root volume (cm3) 		2018 CK 9.89±0.05 a 10.22±0.09 a 18.63±0.05 c 19.01±0.01 c
D 9.53±0.06 cd 9.89±0.05 bc 18.30±0.02 d 18.79±0.02 d
LM 9.57±0.09 bc 9.92±0.06 b 18.35±0.03 de 18.86±0.06 de
RM 9.57±0.08 bcd 9.95±0.04 b 18.40±0.02 e 18.93±0.02 e
2019 CK 9.67±0.05 b 9.81±0.03 cd 19.79±0.06 a 20.16±0.06 a
D 9.50±0.03 d 9.72±0.06 d 19.66±0.05 b 19.88±0.07 b
LM 9.59±0.08 bcd 9.76±0.05 d 19.68±0.05 b 19.91±0.08 b
RM 9.61±0.04 bc 9.75±0.04 d 19.69±0.09 b 19.95±0.07 b
根表面积
Root surface area (m2) 		2018 CK 0.065±0.02 a 0.074±0.02 a 0.091±0.02 b 0.102±0.03 b
D 0.054±0.01 cd 0.062±0.01 c 0.079±0.01 d 0.092±0.01 d
LM 0.057±0.02 bc 0.068±0.01 b 0.084±0.02 cd 0.095±0.01 cd
RM 0.061±0.02 ab 0.068±0.02 b 0.086±0.02 c 0.097±0.02 cd
2019 CK 0.059±0.02 ab 0.068±0.01 b 0.112±0.03 a 0.122±0.01 a
D 0.043±0.01 e 0.059±0.02 c 0.088±0.01 c 0.099±0.02 bc
LM 0.050±0.01 d 0.062±0.01 c 0.091±0.02 bc 0.105±0.02 b
RM 0.052±0.01 cd 0.062±0.01 c 0.095±0.01 b 0.105±0.03 b

表3

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆苗期干物质积累的影响"

指标
Index 		年份
Year 		处理
Treatment 		V2 V4
4 d 8 d 4 d 8 d
叶重
Leaf weight
(g) 		2018 CK 1.16±0.05 a 1.33±0.08 a 1.27±0.17 a 1.81±1.62 a
D 0.81±0.03 c 0.98±0.02 b 0.61±0.03 c 0.80±1.90 b
LM 0.99±0.02 b 1.10±0.09 b 0.99±0.05 b 0.81±0.64 b
RM 1.03±0.05 b 1.11±0.08 b 1.07±0.11 b 0.93±0.76 b
2019 CK 1.11±0.21 a 1.09±0.03 a 2.03±0.21 a 2.82±0.31 a
D 0.47±0.08 c 0.82±0.05 c 1.39±0.09 c 1.73±0.24 b
LM 0.61±0.01 bc 0.89±0.01 b 1.64±0.13 bc 2.04±0.61 b
RM 0.72±0.10 b 0.95±0.05 b 1.92±0.21 ab 2.14±0.32 ab
茎重
Stem weight (g) 		2018 CK 1.05±0.06 a 1.23±0.09 a 1.18±0.28 a 1.47±5.03 a
D 0.78±0.01 b 0.87±0.06 c 0.63±0.03 b 0.57±1.9 c
LM 0.81±0.02 b 1.04±0.09 bc 0.60±0.03 b 0.88±4.2 b
RM 0.83±0.01 b 1.09±0.13 ab 0.71±0.04 b 0.94±1.42 b
2019 CK 0.62±0.10 a 1.01±0.24 a 1.49±0.09 a 2.08±0.19 a
D 0.44±0.02 b 0.39±0.06 c 0.91±0.02 b 1.37±0.25 b
LM 0.51±0.01 b 0.53±0.04 bc 1.33±0.09 a 1.53±0.13 b
RM 0.52±0.01 b 0.64±0.07 b 1.43±0.16 a 1.62±0.19 b
根重
Root weight (g) 		2018 CK 1.43±0.03 a 1.68±0.06 a 1.75±0.25 a 2.28±0.24 a
D 1.25±0.05 c 1.34±0.05 c 1.22±0.03 b 1.24±0.05 c
LM 1.32±0.03 b 1.48±0.03 b 1.28±0.07 b 1.61±0.03 b
RM 1.35±0.01 b 1.49±0.02 b 1.56±0.05 a 1.65±0.03 b
2019 CK 1.21±0.19 a 1.31±0.03 a 2.31±0.05 a 3.19±0.40 a
D 0.64±0.14 b 1.03±0.02 b 2.05±0.01 b 2.26±0.23 b
LM 0.81±0.06 b 1.25±0.07 a 2.31±0.03 a 2.86±0.17 a
RM 0.87±0.12 b 1.27±0.08 a 2.29±0.23 a 2.98±0.31 a
总重
Total weight (g) 		2018 CK 3.65±0.11 a 4.25±0.12 a 4.21±0.47 a 5.55±0.81 a
D 2.85±0.01 c 3.20±0.01 c 2.46±0.09 c 2.61±0.15 b
LM 3.12±0.01 b 3.63±0.01 b 2.91±0.73 bc 3.30±0.06 b
RM 3.22±0.06 b 3.69±0.06 b 3.33±0.19 b 3.39±0.11 b
2019 CK 3.34±0.64 a 3.01±0.15 a 5.84±0.17 a 8.10±0.53 a
D 1.49±0.10 c 2.29±0.09 c 4.36±0.11 b 5.36±0.66 c
LM 1.94±0.14 bc 2.67±0.08 b 5.28±0.19 ab 6.44±0.61 bc
RM 2.24±0.77 b 2.75±0.12 b 5.64±0.59 ab 6.75±0.82 b

图1

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆V2期净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的影响(2019年) 柱上标以不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表1。 "

图2

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆V4期净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的影响(2019年) 柱上标以不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表1。 "

图3

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响 V2: 第二节龄期; V4: 第四节龄期。柱上标以不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表1。 "

图4

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响 V2: 第二节龄期; V4: 第四节龄期。柱上标以不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表1。 "

图5

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响 V2: 第二节龄期; V4: 第四节龄期。柱上标以不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表1。 "

图6

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的影响 V2: 第二节龄期; V4: 第四节龄期。柱上标以不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表1。 "

图7

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆超氧阴离子(O2-)的影响 V2: 第二节龄期; V4: 第四节龄期。柱上标以不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表1。 "

图8

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆过氧化氢(H2O2)的影响 V2: 第二节龄期; V4: 第四节龄期。柱上标以不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表1。 "

图9

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响 V2: 第二节龄期; V4: 第四节龄期。柱上标以不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表1。 "

图10

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆可溶性蛋白含量的影响 V2: 第二节龄期; V4: 第四节龄期。柱上标以不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表1。 "

表4

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆产量及其构成因素的影响"

时期
Stage 		处理
Treatment 		节数
Pitch number 		单株荚数
Pods per plant 		单株粒数
Seeds per plant 		百粒重
100-grain weight (g) 		单株产量
Yield per plant (g)
2018 V2 CK 18.5±1.35 a 26.4±6.65 a 70.7±18.38 a 20.31±0.16 a 14.36±3.73 a
D 15.1±1.37 c 18.0±4.26 b 45.6±10.13 b 18.27±0.19 c 8.34±1.85 c
LM 16.0±0.94 bc 18.8±3.93 b 50.6±10.46 b 19.91±0.13 b 10.07±2.08 bc
RM 17.0±1.41 b 21.6±7.72 ab 54.7±20.83 b 20.13±0.02 ab 11.01±2.19 b
V4 CK 17.9±0.87 a 26.8±6.37 a 72.3±21.80 a 19.22±0.06 a 13.90±4.19 a
D 15.2±1.13 c 13.7±3.71 c 35.0±9.97 c 17.47±0.09 d 6.09±1.75 c
LM 16.1±1.19 bc 17.2±3.73 c 44.1±7.05 bc 18.49±0.12 c 8.15±1.30 c
RM 16.3±1.25 b 21.8±5.55 b 56.6±15.90 b 18.97±0.02 b 10.73±3.01 b
2019 V2 CK 18.0±1.41 a 24.2±4.05 a 67.8±12.48 a 20.48±0.04 a 13.78±2.54 a
D 15.8±1.62 b 17.0±3.83 b 45.4±7.59 c 17.68±0.05 d 8.03±1.34 c
LM 16.6±0.96 b 20.6±3.56 ab 54.5±8.21 bc 18.83±0.01 c 10.26±1.54 b
RM 16.5±1.08 b 23.1±4.77 a 59.5±11.42 ab 19.63±0.13 b 11.68±2.24 b
V4 CK 16.7±1.95 a 19.5±4.09 a 55.8±11.50 a 19.98±0.18 a 11.15±2.29 a
D 15.4±0.70 b 11.3±2.71 c 31.3±11.30 c 16.06±0.05 c 5.91±2.14 c
LM 15.8±0.63 ab 11.8±2.94 c 32.1±7.61 c 18.89±0.06 b 6.14±1.45 c
RM 16.2±0.92 ab 15.1±2.96 b 41.2±7.94 b 19.02±0.13 b 8.03±1.55 b
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