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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 2560-2566.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13054

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米籽粒乳线比例变化与灌浆和干燥过程的关系

李红燕1(), 周林立2, 高尚1, 薛军1, 明博1,*(), 赵如浪3, 王克如1, 谢瑞芝1, 侯鹏1, 王永宏3, 李少昆1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京 100081
    2石河子大学农学院 / 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态实验室, 新疆石河子 832000
    3宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所, 宁夏银川 750105
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-13 接受日期:2022-02-25 出版日期:2022-10-12 网络出版日期:2022-04-01
  • 通讯作者: 明博,李少昆
  • 作者简介:第一作者联系方式: E-mail: 2052083213@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31971849);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(玉米, CARS-02);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ZDRW202004)

Milk line changes of maize grain and the relationship with grain filling and drying process

LI Hong-Yan1(), ZHOU Lin-Li2, GAO Shang1, XUE Jun1, MING Bo1,*(), ZHAO Ru-Lang3, WANG Ke-Ru1, XIE Rui-Zhi1, HOU Peng1, WANG Yong-Hong3, LI Shao-Kun1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
    2Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
    3Crop Research Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750105, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2021-09-13 Accepted:2022-02-25 Published:2022-10-12 Published online:2022-04-01
  • Contact: MING Bo,LI Shao-Kun
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971849);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (Maize, CARS-02);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202004)

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摘要：

为明确玉米乳线比例与籽粒含水率、籽粒灌浆进程的关系, 为玉米田间收获期决策提供指标依据。本研究于2017年至2018年在宁夏回族自治区银川市永宁县对共计9种春播玉米品种开展观测调查。连续采集吐丝后20~80 d内的果穗中部横切面图像, 测定果穗中部籽粒含水率和百粒干重。利用基于图像辅助的玉米籽粒乳线比例测定工具, 获取不同时期、品种果穗籽粒的乳线比例信息。回归分析结果显示, 在品种和年际间, 乳线比例、籽粒含水率以及灌浆进程的变化略有差异, 但规律一致。玉米乳线比例与籽粒含水率呈极显著的线性关系, 回归方程为y = -0.2572x + 52.482; 玉米乳线比例与籽粒灌浆进程的关系符合极显著的Richards曲线关系, 回归方程为y = 99.65/ [1+exp(2.45-0.07x)](1?3.70)。籽粒乳线比例的变化与一定范围内的籽粒含水率和灌浆进程密切相关, 可以作为不同类型玉米收获期的田间评价指标之一。

关键词: 玉米, 乳线比例, 籽粒干燥, 灌浆动态

Abstract:

In order to clarify the relationship between milk line proportion and grain moisture content and grain filling process and provide references for the decision-making of maize harvest period, a field observational experiment was conducted with 9 spring-sown maize varieties in 2017 and 2018 at Yongning County, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. In this study, the cross-sectional images, grain moisture content, and 100-grain dry weight were measured continuously on the central part of the ear within 20 to 80 days after silking. An image-assisted software tool was designed to measure the milk line proportion of maize grains, accurately obtaining the information of milk line proportion in different varieties or different growth stages. Regression analysis showed that there were slight differences in the variation of milk line proportion, grain moisture content, and filling process between varieties and inter-years, which generally conformed to the same variation regulations. There was a significant linear relationship between milk line proportion and grain moisture content, and the regression equation was y= -0.2572x+ 52.482. The relationship between milk line proportion and grain filling process was fitted to Richards curve significantly, and the regression equation was y = 99.65/[1+exp(2.45-0.07x)](1?3.70). The changes of milk line proportion were closely related to grain moisture content and grain filling process within a certain range, which can be used as one of the field evaluation indicators for different kinds of maize harvest.

Key words: maize, milk line proportion, grain drying, grain filling

表1

参试玉米品种"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 播种期
Sowing date (month/day)		 吐丝期
Silking date (month/day)		 授粉日期
Pollination date (month/day)		 生育期
Growth period (d)
2017 DH786 4/20 7/2 7/2 119
DH769 4/20 7/5 7/5 137
M751 4/20 7/7 7/9 142
LD575 4/20 7/7 7/11 139
LD586 4/20 7/7 7/10 145
年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 播种期
Sowing date (month/day)		 吐丝期
Silking date (month/day)		 授粉日期
Pollination date (month/day)		 生育期
Growth period (d)
2018 DH786 4/28 7/1 7/1 116
DH769 4/28 7/8 7/8 122
M751 4/28 7/11 7/13 138
LD575 4/28 7/11 7/14 130
LD586 4/28 7/14 7/16 136
ZD958 4/28 7/13 7/15 137
XY335 4/28 7/9 7/12 135
DK517 4/28 7/11 7/14 135
KX9384 4/28 7/1 7/1 119

图1

玉米籽粒乳线采集图"

图2

乳线比例图像辅助测定示意图"

图3

不同玉米品种吐丝后乳线比例的变化 DH786: 登海786; DH769: 登海769; LD575: 辽单575; LD586: 辽单586; ZD958: 郑单958; XY335: 先玉335; DK517: 迪卡517。"

图4

玉米品种间籽粒乳线比例与含水率的关系 缩写同图3。"

表2

不同品种玉米籽粒乳线持续时间"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 授粉后天数Days after pollination 持续天数
Days of duration
乳线出现
Appearance of milk line		 乳线消失
Disappearance of milk line
2017 DH769 27 75 48
DH786 28 60 33
M751 29 78 49
LD575 29 75 46
LD586 30 78 48
2018 DH769 29 67 38
DH786 30 61 31
M751 21 73 52
LD575 23 64 41
LD586 26 77 51
ZD958 28 71 42
XY335 21 72 51
DK517 30 72 42
KX9384 28 67 39

图5

玉米品种间百粒重的变化 缩写同图3。"

表3

籽粒灌浆进程拟合方程"

品种
Variety		 方程参数Equation parameters R2
a b c
ZD958 32.08 23.24 0.11 0.987**
XY335 35.27 29.46 0.12 0.993**
LD586 32.94 20.52 0.10 0.990**
DK517 29.34 24.76 0.11 0.986**
M751 34.65 19.64 0.10 0.970**
KX9384 31.20 256.23 0.16 0.998**
DH769 34.40 314.65 0.18 0.992**
LD575 31.03 349.49 0.19 0.984**
DH786 31.12 29.91 0.12 0.981**

图6

不同玉米品种乳线比例与籽粒灌浆进程的关系 缩写同图3。"

表4

玉米乳线比例与籽粒含水率和灌浆进程的关系"

乳线比例
Milk line
proportion		 籽粒含水率
Grain moisture content		 灌浆进程
Grain filling
process
0 52.48 50.26
10 49.91 58.97
20 47.34 68.17
30 44.77 77.11
40 42.20 84.82
50 39.62 90.64
60 37.05 94.52
70 34.48 96.85
80 31.91 98.16
90 29.34 98.87
100 26.77 99.25
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