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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 1235-1247.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14064

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

滨海盐碱地棉花秸秆还田和深松对棉花干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响

闫晓宇1(), 郭文君1,2, 秦都林1,3, 王双磊1,4, 聂军军1, 赵娜1,5, 祁杰1, 宋宪亮1, 毛丽丽1,*(), 孙学振1,*()   

  1. 1山东农业大学农学院 / 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018
    2清徐县信息产业管理中心, 山西太原 030400
    3山东省棉花生产技术指导站, 山东济南 250013
    4烟台市农业技术推广中心, 山东烟台 264000
    5东营市农业农村局, 山东东营 257100
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-16 接受日期:2021-07-12 出版日期:2022-05-12 网络出版日期:2021-08-10
  • 通讯作者: 毛丽丽,孙学振
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 17854233509@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31601253);山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(棉花, SDAIT-03);山东省农业良种工程项目资助(2020LZGC002)

Effects of cotton stubble return and subsoiling on dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake, and yield of cotton in coastal saline-alkali soil

YAN Xiao-Yu1(), GUO Wen-Jun1,2, QIN Du-Lin1,3, WANG Shuang-Lei1,4, NIE Jun-Jun1, ZHAO Na1,5, QI Jie1, SONG Xian-Liang1, MAO Li-Li1,*(), SUN Xue-Zhen1,*()   

  1. 1Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Qingxu County Information Industry Management Center, Taiyuan 030400, Shanxi, China
    3Technical Guidance Station of Cotton Production in Shandong Province, Jinan 250013, Shandong, China
    4Yantai Agricultural Technology Extension Service, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
    5Dongying Agricultural Bureau, Dongying 257100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-04-16 Accepted:2021-07-12 Published:2022-05-12 Published online:2021-08-10
  • Contact: MAO Li-Li,SUN Xue-Zhen
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601253);Agricultural Industry Technology System of Shandong Province (cotton, SDAIT-03);Shandong Program for Improved Varieties of Agriculture(2020LZGC002)

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摘要：

以鲁棉研36号为试验材料, 在滨海盐碱地设置常规耕作(CT)、深松(ST)、秸秆还田(SR)、秸秆还田+深松(SRT) 4个处理, 研究棉花秸秆还田和深松对棉花产量、0~40 cm土层含盐量、棉花干物质积累动态、氮(N)磷(P)钾(K)养分积累和分配特性的影响。结果表明, 秸秆还田在2年试验内均可增加棉花产量, SR产量比CT增加33.9%, SRT比ST增加32.1%; 深松在2017年增加了棉花产量, 2018年对产量无影响。秸秆还田在2年试验中均降低0~40 cm土层含盐量, SR的含盐量在棉花生育后期比CT降低22.4%, SRT的土壤含盐量比ST降低20.7%; 深松在2年试验内对20~40 cm土层含盐量的影响不一致, ST含盐量在2017年棉花生育后期比CT降低16.5%, 但在2018年深松对土壤含盐量无影响。棉花干物质和N、P、K积累动态均符合Logistic生长曲线。棉花秸秆还田后增加了棉花干物质和N、P、K的最大积累量, SR的干物质、N、P、K最大积累量比CT分别提高35.5%、38.3%、53.4%和55.0%, SRT比ST分别提高27.0%、30.7%、21.2%和42.4%; ST的干物质、N、P、K积累量在2017年比CT分别提高17.8%、22.2%、51.3%和40.6%, 但在2018年无影响。棉株干物质和养分积累动态主要受到最大积累速率和快速积累持续期的影响。秸秆还田增加了2年试验中棉花干物质和N、P、K分配到生殖器官的量及其比例, ST在2017年增加了棉花干物质和N、P、K分配到生殖器官的量, 但在2018年无影响。本研究表明, 棉花秸秆还田(SR)或秸秆还田+深松(SRT)可作为滨海盐碱棉区土壤改良和棉花高产的推荐耕作措施。

关键词: 棉花, 滨海盐碱地, 棉花秸秆还田, 深松, 干物质积累, 养分吸收, 产量

Abstract:

To study the effects of cotton straw returning and deep loosening on cotton yield, salt content in 0-40 cm soil layer, dry matter accumulation dynamics, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) accumulation, and distribution characteristics, four treatments including conventional tillage (CT), subsoiling tillage (ST), cotton stubble return (SR), and cotton stubble return + subsoiling tillage (SRT) were conducted using Lumianyan 36 as experimental material. The results showed that cotton stubble return increased cotton yield across two years. Lint yield of SR was 33.9% higher than CT, and SRT 32.1% higher than SR. Subsoiling increased cotton yield in 2017 and had no effect on it in 2018. Cotton stubble return reduced the salt content of 0-40 cm soil layer. The salt content of SR was 22.4% lower than that of CT, and the soil salt content of SRT was 20.7% lower than that of ST at the late growth stage in cotton. However, the effect of subsoiling on the salt content of 20-40 cm soil layer was inconsistent during the two-year experiment. The soil salt content of ST was 16.5% lower than of CT at late growth stage in 2017, but subsoiling had no effect on soil salt content in 2018. The accumulation dynamic of dry matter and N, P, K in cotton were consistent with the Logistic growth curve. Cotton stubble return increased maximal accumulation of dry matter and N, P, K in two years. The maximum accumulation of dry matter, N, P, and K in SR was 35.5%, 38.3%, 53.4%, and 55.0% higher than that in CT, and the accumulation of SRT was 27.0%, 30.7%, 21.2%, and 42.4% higher than that in ST. Compared with CT, the dry matter, N, P, and K accumulation of ST increased by 17.8%, 22.2%, 51.3%, and 40.6% in 2017, respectively, but had no effect in 2018. The dynamic of dry matter and nutrient accumulation were mainly affected by the maximum accumulation rate and rapid accumulation duration. Stubble return increased the amount and proportion of dry matter and N, P, K allocated to reproductive organs of cotton in the two-year experiment. Compared with CT, ST increased the allocation amount of dry matter and N, P, K to reproductive organs in 2017, but had no effect in 2018. In summary, the results revealed that cotton stubble return (SR) or cotton stubble return + subsoiling tillage (SRT) could be recommended tillage measures for soil improvement and high cotton yield in coastal saline-alkali cotton area.

Key words: cotton, coastal saline-alkali soil, cotton stubble return, subsoiling tillage, dry matter accumulation, nutrient absorption, yield

图1

2017年和2018年棉花生长季内每月平均温度和降水量"

表1

棉花秸秆还田和深松对棉花产量及其构成因素的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 群体铃数
Boll number
(×104 hm-2)		 铃重
Boll weight
(g)		 衣分
Lint percentage
(%)		 皮棉产量
Lint yield
(kg hm-2)
2017 CT 51.9 d 4.7 c 40.6 a 980.7 d
ST 59.5 c 4.8 c 40.5 a 1104.0 c
SR 69.9 b 5.1 b 41.0 a 1445.0 b
SRT 72.3 a 5.4 a 40.8 a 1581.7 a
2018 CT 52.8 c 4.5 b 40.6 a 951.0 b
ST 57.9 b 4.5 b 40.5 a 1010.0 b
SR 60.9 ab 4.7 a 41.0 a 1148.0 a
SRT 65.6 a 4.7 a 40.8 a 1221.0 a

图2

0~20 cm (A、C)和20~40 cm (B、D)土层土壤含盐量 处理同表1。"

图3

秸秆还田和深松条件下棉株干物质的累积动态 图中圆圈和三角形代表各处理不同时期的实测值, 不同线条代表由不同实测值拟合得到的生长曲线。处理同表1。"

表2

秸秆还田和深松条件下棉株干物质累积动态的特征参数"

年份
Year		 处理Treatment Ym
(kg hm-2)		 t1
(d)		 t2
(d)		 tm
(d)		 Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1)		 T
(d)
2017 CT 5920.9 74.2 121.9 97.0 78.4 47.7
ST 6976.8 69.6 120.0 94.8 91.0 50.5
SR 9355.3 69.1 122.2 95.7 115.7 53.2
SRT 9751.3 68.1 121.6 94.8 129.7 53.6
2018 CT 6000.3 72.9 109.7 91.3 107.3 36.7
ST 6185.9 73.1 109.6 91.4 111.6 36.5
SR 6774.4 66.5 103.1 84.8 121.9 36.6
SRT 7062.5 64.3 100.8 82.5 127.4 36.5

图4

秸秆还田和深松条件下棉株氮累积动态 处理同表1。"

表3

秸秆还田和深松条件下棉株氮累积动态的特征参数"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 Ym
(kg hm-2)		 t1
(d)		 t2
(d)		 tm
(d)		 Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1)		 T
(d)
2017 CT 100.0 64.3 91.9 78.1 2.3 27.6
ST 122.2 63.0 92.1 77.6 2.8 29.1
SR 151.9 60.4 89.0 74.7 3.6 28.6
SRT 164.3 63.3 91.8 77.6 3.9 28.6
2018 CT 98.8 68.7 88.6 78.6 3.2 19.9
ST 100.8 67.8 87.2 77.5 3.4 19.4
SR 123.2 64.9 86.5 75.7 3.9 21.5
SRT 127.9 64.0 85.3 75.2 4.3 21.3

图5

秸秆还田和深松条件下棉株磷累积动态 处理同表1。"

表4

秸秆还田和深松条件下棉株磷累积动态的特征参数值"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 Ym
(kg hm-2)		 t1
(d)		 t2
(d)		 tm
(d)		 Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1)		 T
(d)
2017 CT 22.8 67.9 96.9 82.4 0.6 29.0
ST 34.5 71.0 101.9 86.4 0.8 30.9
SR 40.1 67.9 98.1 83.0 1.1 30.2
SRT 42.0 66.9 96.3 82.6 1.3 29.4
2018 CT 29.1 77.9 89.9 83.9 1.5 12.0
ST 32.6 80.3 92.5 86.4 1.7 12.1
SR 38.1 74.9 88.1 81.5 2.3 13.4
SRT 39.3 74.2 87.6 80.9 2.4 13.6

图6

秸秆还田和深松条件下棉株钾累积动态 处理同表1。"

表5

秸秆还田和深松条件下棉花钾累积动态的特征参数值"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 Ym
(kg hm-2)		 t1
(d)		 t2
(d)		 tm
(d)		 Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1)		 T
(d)
2017 CT 65.5 61.5 84.6 72.1 1.7 23.1
ST 92.1 60.6 85.3 73.5 2.4 24.7
SR 117.1 57.3 84.6 72.0 3.1 27.2
SRT 131.6 68.1 87.5 73.8 3.2 29.4
2018 CT 78.1 66.0 88.3 77.2 2.3 22.3
ST 79.4 65.2 88.8 77.0 2.3 23.5
SR 102.5 61.8 84.4 73.1 3.0 22.6
SRT 112.6 61.7 84.2 73.0 3.3 22.5

表6

秸秆还田和深松对棉花干物质和氮磷钾分配的影响"

处理
Treatment		 2017 2018
营养器官
Vegetative organs		 生殖器官
Reproductive organs		 营养器官
Vegetative organs		 生殖器官
Reproductive organs
分配量
DVO
(kg hm-2)		 占比
Proportion
(%)		 分配量
DRO
(kg hm-2)		 占比
Proportion
(%)		 分配量
DVO
(kg hm-2)		 占比
Proportion
(%)		 分配量
DRO
(kg hm-2)		 占比
Proportion
(%)
干物质Dry matter
CT 3772.7 c 63.7 2148.2 c 36.3 3692.5 b 62.4 2227.5 b 37.6
ST 4203.0 b 60.2 2773.9 b 39.8 3749.7 b 61.5 2352.1 b 38.5
SR 5344.9 a 57.1 4020.9 a 42.9 4256.2 a 59.4 2908.6 a 40.6
SRT 5317.5 a 55.5 4257.1 a 44.5 3992.7 ab 57.9 2899.2 a 42.1
氮Nitrogen
CT 58.9 b 58.9 41.1 c 41.1 53.4 b 54.0 45.4 b 46.0
ST 66.1 b 54.1 56.1 b 45.9 52.9 b 52.5 47.9 b 47.5
SR 77.0 a 50.7 75.0 a 49.3 59.6 a 46.5 68.5 a 53.5
SRT 77.8 a 47.2 86.9 a 52.8 60.0 a 46.9 67.9 a 53.1
磷Phosphorus
CT 12.3 b 53.9 10.5 c 46.1 15.6 a 52.8 13.9 b 47.2
ST 18.9 a 54.7 15.6 b 45.3 16.5 a 50.1 16.4 b 49.9
SR 17.9 a 44.7 22.2 a 55.3 16.4 a 43.1 21.7 a 56.9
SRT 18.0 a 42.7 24.1 a 57.3 17.8 a 45.4 21.5 a 54.6
钾Potassium
CT 39.7 c 60.7 25.8 d 39.3 44.3 c 56.7 33.8 b 47.2
ST 48.7 b 52.9 43.4 c 47.1 42.5 c 53.6 36.9 b 49.9
SR 56.6 a 48.3 60.6 b 51.7 50.5 b 43.1 52.0 a 56.9
SRT 57.4 a 43.7 74.1 a 56.3 54.0 a 45.4 57.5 a 54.6
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