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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 1871-1883.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13024

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米密植光合生理机制及应用途径研究进展

郭瑶(), 柴强*(), 殷文, 范虹   

  1. 省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室 / 甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州730070
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-19 接受日期:2022-02-22 出版日期:2022-08-12 网络出版日期:2022-03-09
  • 通讯作者: 柴强
  • 作者简介:E-mail: guoyaogsau@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32101857);国家自然科学基金项目(U21A20218);甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR5RA037);甘肃农业大学伏羲青年人才培养计划项目(Gaufx-03Y10);中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZCYD-2021-10)

Research progress of photosynthetic physiological mechanism and approaches to application in dense planting maize

GUO Yao(), CHAI Qiang*(), YIN Wen, FAN Hong   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science / Faculty of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2021-03-19 Accepted:2022-02-22 Published:2022-08-12 Published online:2022-03-09
  • Contact: CHAI Qiang
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101857);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20218);Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(20JR5RA037);Fuxi Young Talents Fund of Gansu Agricultural University(Gaufx-03Y10);Central Government will Guide Local Science and Technology Development Projects(ZCYD-2021-10)

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摘要：

在有限土地面积上生产足够粮食保证粮食安全, 关键在于提高单产。密植作为提高玉米单产的重要农艺措施, 适度增加种植密度, 其群体光合速率不受影响甚至有所提高, 进而可以增加单产。揭示玉米密植光合生理学机理, 是当前提高单产的重点研究方向。密植致使玉米光合特性发生改变, 调控限制光合生理因子是有效促进玉米密植增产的关键所在, 而挖掘密植增产的光合生理学潜力是玉米密植生理学基础, 在保障粮食安全中发挥着重要作用。因此, 本文基于前人研究成果, 重点综述了光合生理研究方法与思路变迁, 国内外玉米适应密植的光合生理响应和相关农艺调控途径研究现状, 为光合生理研究提供理论基础与技术方法。围绕未来玉米密植生产对科技的需求, 依据现代科技的发展趋势, 我们认为, 传统研究方法必须结合分子生物学技术挖掘光合潜力或缩小实际与理论光合速率之间的差距以实现高光效是未来玉米密植研究的主要目标。探讨光合生理功能基因差异表达对栽培措施的响应作为今后研究的重点之一, 明确农艺措施与密植玉米光合相关基因表达信息的联系与互作关系, 通过农艺栽培措施与分子生物学技术融合挖掘玉米密植增产的光合生理潜力, 为玉米密植增产提供光合生理理论和实践支撑。

关键词: 玉米, 密植, 方法变迁, 光合生理, 调控途径

Abstract:

To ensure enough crop production of limited land area is important to food security. The key to solve this issue is to increase yield per unit area. Dense planting is an effective agronomic management practice to increase yield per unit area, photosynthetic rate would not be decreased or even improved by increasing planting density moderately, and then enhancing the yield per unit area. It is a key research focus on revealing the mechanism of photosynthetic physiology for improving yield per unit area by dense planting condition of maize. Dense planting would lead to change photosynthetic characteristics, so controlling the physiological factors that restricts photosynthesis is essential for increasing yield. Tap the photosynthetic physiologic potential for maize condition is physiological basis to ensure yield, which plays an important role in addressing food security issues. Therefore, this review focuses on the changes of the research methods and ideas in photosynthetic physiology, and the research status of the photosynthetic physiological response of maize adapted to dense planting and related agronomic regulation pathways at home and abroad, based on previous research results, so as to provide the theoretical and technical methods basis for photosynthetic physiology research. Based on the development trend of modern technology, it is believed that tapping photosynthetic potential and narrowing the gap between photosynthetic potential and actual photosynthetic efficiency are still the main goals of maize dense planting research by traditional research methods combined with molecular biology techniques in the future. In further study, research emphasis should be to investigate the responses of differential expression of photosynthetic physiological function genes to cultivation measures, clarifying the relationship and interaction between agronomic management practice and information expression of photosynthetic-related genes in densely planted maize, enhancing photosynthetic potential for maize via agronomic management practice and molecular biology technology, in order to provide photosynthetic physiological theory and practice to support for maize dense planting.

Key words: maize, dense planting, method changes, photosynthetic physiological, regulation approach

图1

叶绿素分子的光激发结构图[11]"

图2

红光远红光比(R:FR)调控伸长生长的分子机制假设模型[41]"

图3

拟南芥phyB-PIFs-miR156-SPLs调控SAS的模型[42]"

图4

密植对光合生理主要影响"

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