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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 2088-2099.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14101

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

钙肥对酸性红壤花生种子萌发及种子际微生物菌群结构的调控

徐扬(), 张智猛, 丁红, 秦斐斐, 张冠初*(), 戴良香*()   

  1. 山东省花生研究所, 山东青岛 266100
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-08 接受日期:2021-11-29 出版日期:2022-08-12 网络出版日期:2021-12-13
  • 通讯作者: 张冠初,戴良香
  • 作者简介:E-mail: xy52120092661@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31901574);国家自然科学基金项目(31971856);山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队岗位专家项目(Peanut, SDAIT-04-06)

Regulation of peanut seed germination and spermosphere microbial community structure by calcium fertilizer in acidic red soil

XU Yang(), ZHANG Zhi-Meng, DING Hong, QIN Fei-Fei, ZHANG Guan-Chu*(), DAI Liang-Xiang*()   

  1. Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-06-08 Accepted:2021-11-29 Published:2022-08-12 Published online:2021-12-13
  • Contact: ZHANG Guan-Chu,DAI Liang-Xiang
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901574);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971856);Modern Agricultural Industry Technical System of Shandong Province(Peanut, SDAIT-04-06)

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摘要：

红壤因酸度较大且钙素匮乏, 严重阻碍种子萌发和植物的形态建成, 提高花生出苗、健苗率是酸性红壤花生高效栽培的有效策略之一。钙素营养和种子际土壤微生物对种子萌发均有重要的调控作用, 但二者间的内在联系却知之甚少。为揭示钙素营养对花生种子际微生物菌群结构和萌发的潜在影响, 以花生品种花育20号(Huayu 20, HY20)为材料, 设置不施钙素和外源施钙素盆栽试验, 结合菌群高通量测序对花生萌发出苗过程中的种子际微生物菌群结构进行了深度分析。结果表明: 各处理种子际样本均以厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为优势细菌门; 子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)为优势真菌门。CaO的施加, 使厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、被孢霉门的相对丰度提高, 担子菌门相对丰度降低。另外, 钙素营养增加了有益菌芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)的数量。对细菌功能预测分析结果表明, 施用钙素后, 与有机物代谢相关的途径(氨基酸转运/代谢、碳水化合物转运等)和抗逆相关的途径(复制重组与修复等)均显著提高, 这在一定程度上改善了红壤花生种子的萌发环境。对真菌营养型预测显示, 钙素处理提高共生菌群数量的同时, 降低了腐生菌群的数量。Redundancy analysis相关性预测分析表明, 施钙后土壤细菌和真菌菌群结构与土壤理化因子钙素和pH均呈负相关性, 并且土壤钙对种子际土壤微生物的多样性影响大于pH。基于上述研究, 酸性红壤施用钙素营养可改善种子际微生物菌群结构, 从而促进花生种子萌发。

关键词: 种子际, 微生物菌群结构, 花生, 酸性红壤, 16S rRNA测序

Abstract:

Acid red soil is characterized by high acid and low calcium, which seriously affects seed germination and plant morphogenesis. Both calcium and spermosphere soil microorganisms play important roles in regulating seed germination, but the mechanisms underlying their relationship are little understood. Improving the emergence and healthy seeding rate of peanut is one of the effective strategies for efficient cultivation of peanut in acidic red soil. To reveal the potential effects of calcium nutrition on the spermosphere microbial community structure and seed germination in peanut, pot experiments were conducted on Huayu 20 (HY20) with or without calcium application, and the spermosphere microbial structure during the germination process was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla, while Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota were the dominant fungal phyla in peanut spermosphere. CaO application increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Mortierellomycota, but decreased the relative abundance of Basidiomycota. In addition, calcium application increased the number of beneficial bacteria Bacillus. Function prediction analysis indicated that the pathways related to organic matter metabolism (amino acid transport, and metabolism, carbohydrate transport, and metabolism) and stress resistance (replication, recombination, and repair) were significantly increased after the application of calcium, which improved the germination environment of peanut seeds in acid red soil to a certain extent. FUNGuild trophic modes analysis revealed that the number of symbiotroph was increased while the number of saprotrophs was decreased after CaO application. Redundancy analysis indicated that the bacterial and fungal structure was negatively correlated with soil physical and chemical factors, calcium content and pH value. Moreover, the calcium content in soil may have a greater regulatory effect on soil microbial diversity than pH. Based on the above studies, the application of calcium in acidic red soil can improve spermosphere microbial structure, resulting in promoting seed germination.

Key words: spermosphere, microbial community structure, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), acid red soil, 16S rRNA sequencing

图1

花生种子际微生物群落韦恩(Venn)和β多样性分析 A: 不同种子际土壤细菌Venn图; B: 不同种子际土壤真菌Venn图; C: 不同种子际土壤细菌PCoA分析; D: 不同种子际土壤真菌PCoA分析。缩写同表1。"

表1

微生物α多样性指数分析"

样品Sample 细菌Bacteria 真菌Fungi
多样性指数
Diversity index		 丰富度指数
Richness index		 多样性指数
Diversity index		 丰富度指数
Richness index
Shannon Simpson Ace Chao Shannon Simpson Ace Chao
CK 7.96±0.054 a 0.99±0.00060 a 1164.75±163.83 a 1037.81±117.04 a 3.41±0.15 b 0.86±0.017 a 200.07±16.05 b 196.20±13.82 b
CKS 7.90±0.024 a 0.99±0.00020 a 1022.07±92.43 a 925.945±35.82 b 4.68±1.19 a 0.88±0.078 a 223.74±37.47 a 228.76±36.23 a
CaS 7.82±0.027 a 0.99±0.00040 a 938.19±29.57 b 805.094±26.50 c 2.80±0.58 c 0.78±0.045 b 185.64±6.32 c 167.69±15.27 c

图2

各样本微生物菌群结构 A: 门水平花生种子际细菌菌群丰度比例; B: 门水平花生种子际真菌菌群丰度比例; C: 属水平花生种子际细菌菌群丰度比例; D: 属水平花生种子际真菌菌群丰度比例。缩写同表1。"

图3

LEfSe显示外源钙(CaO)对种子际微生物菌群结构特异性调节 A: LEfSe显示种子际细菌菌群结构对外源钙的响应; B: LEfSe显示种子际真菌菌群结构对外源钙的响应。缩写同表1。"

图4

花生种子际微生物代谢功能特点 A: 细菌类群代谢功能相对丰度和多样性; B: 真菌类群功能模式相对丰度。*表示在0.05水平差异显著。缩写同表1。"

图5

各土壤样品细菌和真菌群落与土壤理化因子的相关性分析 A: 各土壤细菌群落与土壤理化因子的相关性分析; B: 各土壤真菌群落与土壤理化因子的相关性分析。缩写同表1。"

图6

施钙与不施钙酸性红壤花生种子发芽率"

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