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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 2080-2087.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14134

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘薯发根分枝期适宜土壤水分促进块根糖供应和块根形成的研究

解黎明1(), 姜仲禹1, 柳洪鹃1, 韩俊杰2, 刘本奎1, 王晓陆1, 史春余1,*()   

  1. 1山东农业大学农学院 / 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018
    2山东省烟台市农业科学研究院, 山东烟台 265500
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-29 接受日期:2022-01-05 出版日期:2022-08-12 网络出版日期:2022-02-08
  • 通讯作者: 史春余
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1215948128@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省薯类产业创新团队首席专家项目(SDAIT-16-01);海南省国家重点实验室开放课题(HNZDSYS(HNZDSYS(YY)-08)

Suitable soil moisture promotes sugar supply and tuberization in sweet potato at root branching stage

XIE Li-Ming1(), JIANG Zhong-Yu1, LIU Hong-Juan1, HAN Jun-Jie2, LIU Ben-Kui1, WANG Xiao-Lu1, SHI Chun-Yu1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-07-29 Accepted:2022-01-05 Published:2022-08-12 Published online:2022-02-08
  • Contact: SHI Chun-Yu
  • Supported by:
    Potato Innovation Program for Chief Expert of Shandong Province(SDAIT-16-01);Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Crop Quality Regulation of Hainan Province(HNZDSYS(YY)-08)

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摘要：

为探讨土壤水分对甘薯块根形成的影响及其与块根数量和整齐度的关系。选用鲜食型甘薯品种烟薯25作为试验材料, 在发根分枝期设置50%±5% (W50)、60%±5% (W60)、70%±5% (W70)、80%±5% (W80)、90%±5% (W90) 5个土壤相对含水量水平, 通过2年田间试验, 研究了土壤水分对甘薯潜在块根中碳水化合物含量及其代谢相关酶活性及收获期块根数量、整齐度和产量的影响。结果表明, 甘薯潜在块根中蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量以及蔗糖转化酶活性, 栽植后10~35 d, W70处理均显著高于其他处理。甘薯潜在块根中蔗糖合酶活性和淀粉含量, 栽植后10~25 d, W70处理显著低于其他处理; 栽植后30~35 d, W70处理显著高于其他处理。W70处理的单株结薯数和块根产量分别较其他处理提高14%~120%和22%~122%、单薯重的变异系数较其他处理降低9%~34%。甘薯发根分枝期土壤相对含水量70%有利于促进块根形成, 增加收获期单株结薯数、单薯重和块根产量, 改善块根商品品质。

关键词: 甘薯, 发根分枝期土壤水分, 己糖供应, 单株结薯数, 块根整齐度

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to explore the effect of soil moisture on the formation of storage roots in sweet potato and its relationship with the number and uniformity of storage roots. In this experiment, the sweet potato variety Yanshu 25 was used as the experimental material. We performed five soil relative water content levels with 50%±5% (W50), 60%±5% (W60), 70%±5% (W70), 80%±5% (W80), and 90%±5% (W90) at root branching stage. The effects of soil moisture on the content of carbohydrate and the activity of metabolic enzymes in the potential storage roots, as well as the number, uniformity and yield of storage roots at the harvest time were studied by a two-year field experiment. The results showed that the content of sucrose, glucose, and fructose and the activity of sucrose invertase in the potential storage roots of sweet potato in W70 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments during 10-35 days after planting. The activity of sucrose synthase and the content of starch in the potential storage roots of sweet potato in W70 treatment were significantly lower than those of other treatments at 10-25 days after planting, while the trend was opposite during 30-35 days after planting. Compared with other treatments, the number of storage roots per plant and the yield of storage root in W70 treatment increased by 14%-120% and 22%-122%, respectively. The variable coefficient of the single storage root weight decreased by 9%-34%. The soil relative water content of 70% at root branching stage of sweet potato was beneficial to the formation of storage roots, which increased the number of storage roots per plant, weight of the single storage root and yield of storage roots, and improved the commercial quality of storage roots at harvest time.

Key words: sweet potato, soil moisture at root branching stage, the supply of hexose, the number of storage roots per plant, storage roots uniformity

表1

试验田土壤理化性状"

年份
Year		 0-20 cm土层 0-20 cm soil layer 0-40 cm土层 0-40 cm soil layer
有机质
Organic matter
(%)		 碱解氮
Alkaline nitrogen
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg kg-1)		 容重
Bulk density
(g cm-3)		 田间持水量
Field capacity
(%)
2019 1.07 81.23 25.87 80.57 1.25 24.14
2020 1.04 82.09 26.83 79.44 1.27 25.11

表2

甘薯块根产量及其构成因素"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 单株结薯数
Storage root (lump plant-1)		 单薯重
Fresh weight (g lump-1)		 块根产量
Storage root yield (t hm-2)
2019 W50 1.78 e 255.82 c 22.76 e
W60 2.25 d 270.86 bc 30.46 d
W70 3.26 a 309.66 a 50.55 a
W80 2.86 b 289.79 ab 41.50 b
W90 2.51 c 280.33 bc 35.21 c
2020 W50 2.00 c 177.39 b 21.95 c
W60 3.00 bc 201.42 ab 30.59 bc
W70 4.40 a 219.95 a 48.76 a
W80 3.60 ab 207.12 a 38.68 b
W90 3.00 bc 177.78 b 27.83 c

表3

收获期甘薯块根长度、直径和单薯重的变异系数"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 块根长度Storage root length 块根直径Storage root diameter 单薯重Weight
长度
Length (cm)		 变异系数
CV (%)		 直径
Diameter (mm)		 变异系数
CV (%)		 鲜重
Fresh weight (g lump-1)		 变异系数
CV (%)
2019 W50 21.21 b 22.17 49.53 c 29.73 255.82 c 102.52
W60 23.30 ab 18.52 52.16 c 25.13 270.86 bc 77.04
W70 25.67 a 6.26 78.41 a 7.71 309.66 a 68.10
W80 24.67 a 7.78 74.45 ab 14.64 289.79 ab 74.52
W90 23.50 ab 14.73 69.24 b 16.21 280.33 bc 75.47
2020 W50 11.70 c 37.83 43.32 a 40.78 177.39 b 53.89
W60 14.66 b 20.71 47.17 a 39.07 201.42 ab 51.20
W70 17.84 a 9.41 49.55 a 20.30 219.95 a 36.42
W80 17.35 a 12.17 50.56 a 33.68 207.12 a 43.98
W90 14.03 b 18.38 54.35 a 40.17 177.78 b 51.24

图1

土壤水分对甘薯潜在块根中蔗糖含量的影响(2019) 图柱上标以不同字母的表示同一时期处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。处理同表2。"

图2

土壤水分对甘薯潜在块根中葡萄糖含量的影响(2019年) 图柱上标以不同字母的表示同一时期处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。处理同表2。"

图3

土壤水分对甘薯潜在块根中果糖含量的影响(2019年) 图柱上标以不同字母的表示同一时期处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。处理同表2。"

图4

土壤水分对甘薯潜在块根中淀粉含量的影响(2019年) 图柱上标以不同字母的表示同一时期处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。处理同表2。"

图5

土壤水分对甘薯潜在块根中蔗糖转化酶活性的影响(2019年) 图柱上标以不同字母的表示同一时期处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。处理同表2。"

图6

土壤水分对甘薯潜在块根中蔗糖合酶活性的影响(2019年) 图柱上标以不同字母的表示同一时期处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。处理同表2。"

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