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有机无机肥配施对甘薯产量、品质及硒吸收的影响

磨冬枝,刘芃君,徐桂娣,陈泽炀,谭雪明,黄英金,程建峰,曾研华*   

  1. 江西农业大学农学院 / 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室 / 作物生物育种与高效生产江西省重点实验室，江西南昌 330045
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-29 修回日期:2025-09-10 接受日期:2025-09-10 网络出版日期:2025-09-24
  • 通讯作者: 曾研华, E-mail: zyh74049501@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由江西省薯类产业技术体系项目(JXARS-19-02)和江西省富硒农业研究院委托项目(JXFX21-ZD05，JXFX22-ZD02)资助。

Effects of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield, quality, and selenium absorption of sweetpotato

MO Dong-Zhi,LIU Peng-Jun,XU Gui-Di,CHEN Ze-Yang,TAN Xue-Ming,HUANG Ying-Jin,CHENG Jian-Feng, ZENG Yan-Hua*   

  1. Institute of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education / Key Laboratory of Crop Biological Breeding and Efficient Production of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2025-04-29 Revised:2025-09-10 Accepted:2025-09-10 Published online:2025-09-24
  • Contact: 曾研华, E-mail: zyh74049501@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Jiangxi Agriculture Research System (JXARS-19-02) and the Commissioned project of Jiangxi Province Selenium-rich Agriculture Research Institute (JXFX21-ZD05, JXFX22-ZD02).

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摘要：

本研究旨在探究土壤富硒条件下有机无机肥配施对不同类型甘薯产量、品质及硒吸收的影响，明确定量有机肥(6×103 kg hm?2)施用下无机化肥的最佳配比量，为甘薯富硒高效栽培提供理论依据。于2023—2024年，以鲜食型甘薯“心香”与淀粉型“商薯19”为供试品种进行2年大田试验，在富硒土壤上(0.37 mg kg?1)设置有机无机肥配施改良活化土壤处理，包括100%化肥+有机肥、70%化肥+有机肥、50%化肥+有机肥、30%化肥+有机肥、单施化肥、单施有机肥与不施肥7个处理，分析收获期甘薯器官硒含量、块根产量与品质特性。结果表明，富硒土壤下，随着有机无机肥配施中无机化肥用量的减少，供试甘薯品种块根产量呈先上升后下降的趋势。在50%化肥配施处理下2种不同类型甘薯均可获得较高的块根产量，且块根硒含量及积累达到峰值。施用100%化肥配施有机肥可提高甘薯块根蛋白质含量与可溶性糖积累，但同时增加淀粉的糊化焓，不利于淀粉的糊化；而30%、50%化肥配施有机肥则有利于增加两品种的淀粉含量。此外，50%、70%化肥配施有机肥处理可提升不同类型甘薯淀粉峰值黏度与崩解值，且降低淀粉消减值，有利于改善甘薯口感。综合来看，50%化肥配施有机肥可协同提升不同类型甘薯块根产量与品质，且兼顾硒含量。

关键词: 甘薯, 有机肥, 无机肥, 硒含量, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

This study investigates the effects of combined organic and chemical fertilizer application on yield, quality, and selenium uptake in different sweetpotato types under selenium-rich soil conditions. It also aims to determine the optimal chemical fertilizer rate when applying a fixed amount of organic fertilizer (6×103 kg hm?2, providing a theoretical basis for efficient selenium-enriched sweetpotato cultivation. From 2023 to 2024, a two-year field experiment was conducted using two cultivars: the edible-type ‘Xinxiang’ and the starch-type ‘Shangshu 19’. The soil selenium content was 0.37 mg kg?1, and seven fertilizer treatments were established, including combinations designed to improve and activate the soil: 100%, 70%, 50%, and 30% chemical fertilizer each combined with organic fertilizer; sole chemical fertilizer; sole organic fertilizer; and a no-fertilizer control. Selenium content in plant organs, tuber yield, and quality were assessed at harvest. Results showed that, under selenium-rich conditions, tuber yield of both sweetpotato cultivars increased initially and then declined as the proportion of chemical fertilizer decreased when combined with organic fertilizer. Under the 50% chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer treatment, both types of sweet potatoes achieved high yields, and the selenium content and accumulation were reached peak levels. The 100% chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer treatment enhanced protein content and soluble sugar accumulation in tubers, but also increased starch gelatinization enthalpy, which is unfavorable for gelatinization. In contrast, the 30% and 50% chemical fertilizer combined treatments promoted starch accumulation in both cultivars. Furthermore, the 50% and 70% chemical fertilizer combinations improved starch peak viscosity and breakdown values, while reducing setback values—enhancing sweetpotato eating quality. Overall, applying 50% chemical fertilizer in combination with organic fertilizer effectively improves both yield and quality of sweetpotato while maintaining selenium content across different cultivar types.

Key words: sweetpotato, organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, selenium content, yield, quality

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