紫云英稻秸秆协同还田与氮肥减量配施对水稻干物质积累、氮素转运及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32013

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 756-770.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32013

紫云英稻秸秆协同还田与氮肥减量配施对水稻干物质积累、氮素转运及产量的影响

王吕¹(), 吴玉红¹^,^*(), 秦宇航¹, 淡亚彬¹, 陈浩¹, 郝兴顺¹, 田霄鸿²^,^*()

¹汉中市农业技术推广与培训中心, 陕西汉中 723000
²西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 721000

收稿日期:2023-04-12 接受日期:2023-09-13 出版日期:2024-03-12 网络出版日期:2023-09-28
通讯作者: *吴玉红, E-mail: 382755569@qq.com; 田霄鸿, E-mail: txhong@nwsuaf.edu.cn
作者简介:E-mail: wanglv060693@163.com
基金资助:
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLNY02-06)

Effects of rice straw mulching combined with green manure retention and nitrogen reduction applications on dry matter quality accumulation, nitrogen transport and grain yield of rice

WANG Lyu¹(), WU Yu-Hong¹^,^*(), QIN Yu-Hang¹, DAN Ya-Bin¹, CHEN Hao¹, HAO Xing-Shun¹, TIAN Xiao-Hong²^,^*()

¹Hanzhong Agricultural Technology Extension and Training Center, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
²College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 721000, Shaanxi, China

Received:2023-04-12 Accepted:2023-09-13 Published:2024-03-12 Published online:2023-09-28
Contact: *E-mail: 382755569@qq.com; E-mail: txhong@nwsuaf.edu.cn
Supported by:
Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2022ZDLNY02-06)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究紫云英稻秸秆协同还田下氮肥减量对水稻关键生育期干物质积累和氮素吸收转运及籽粒产量的影响, 为水稻绿色高效栽培提供技术路径。试验于2019—2021年在陕西省汉中市农业科学研究所韩塘试验基地进行, 采用随机区组设计, 重复3次。供试水稻品种为优质籼稻‘黄华占’。共设5个处理, (1) 冬闲水稻秸秆不还田, 不施肥(CK); (2) 冬闲水稻秸秆不还田, 常规施氮(NPK); (3) 冬作紫云英水稻秸秆还田, 常规施氮(GRN₁₀₀); (4) 冬作紫云英水稻秸秆还田, 氮肥减量20% (GRN₈₀); (5) 冬作紫云英水稻秸秆还田, 氮肥减量30% (GRN₇₀)。分析了水稻齐穗期和成熟期干物质积累、氮素累积量、氮素吸收与利用。结果表明: 1) 与NPK相比, 紫云英水稻秸秆协同还田各处理水稻产量增加3.50%~7.65%; 齐穗期茎鞘、叶片、穗干物重分别增加25.54%~44.79%、44.79%~53.74%、33.76%~61.81%, 成熟期茎鞘、叶片干物重增加6.87%~25.57%、20.87%~23.46%; 且与GRN₁₀₀相比, GRN₈₀和GRN₇₀水稻产量增加4.00%和2.77%, 齐穗期穗干物重增加21.33%、4.56%, GRN₈₀有效穗增加7.77%, 千粒重增加2.56%, GRN₈₀成熟期茎鞘、穗干物重增加17.52%、10.91%。2) 与NPK相比, 紫云英水稻秸秆协同还田各处理齐穗期茎鞘、叶片、穗氮累积量增加34.84%~60.59%、50.41%~69.28%、26.57%~45.35%, 成熟期增加48.61%~54.78%、54.67%~91.81%、6.42%~19.96%, 茎鞘氮转运量增加16.89%~64.99%, 叶片氮转运量增加47.85%~73.05%, 氮转运贡献率增加27.75%~41.09%; 且与GRN₁₀₀相比, GRN₈₀穗中氮增量增加19.76%, 茎鞘氮转运量、茎鞘转运率、叶片转运率、氮素转运效率分别增加7.46%、2.73%、9.35%、6.86%。3) 与NPK相比, 紫云英水稻秸秆协同还田各处理氮素干物质生产效率减低10.64%~ 20.92%, 氮肥生理利用率减少17.88%~32.89%, 氮肥农学效率增加7.81%~63.03%, 氮素回收率增加57.36%~97.19%, 氮肥偏生产力增加3.55%~52.00%; 且与GRN₁₀₀相比, GRN₈₀和GRN₇₀氮素干物质生产效率增加13.00%、10.97%, 氮肥生理利用率增加12.34%、22.37%, 氮肥农学效率显著增加35.66%、51.21%, 氮素回收率显著增加21.04%、25.52%, 氮肥偏生产力增加30.04%、46.79%。紫云英水稻秸秆协同还田下减氮20%或30%能够显著提高水稻产量, 增加氮素吸收转运, 提高氮素利用, 是适宜汉中地区水稻生产的一种绿色高效栽培模式。

关键词: 紫云英-水稻, 氮肥减量, 干物质积累, 氮素积累, 氮素利用

Abstract:

The integrated effect of milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) and rice straws combined with nitrogen reduction on dry matter, nitrogen uptake, and transport during key growth period in rice, and rice yield was studied to provide the theoretical basis for green and efficient cultivation in rice. A field experiment was conducted at Hantang Experimental Base of Hanzhong Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Shaanxi Province from 2019 to 2021. The randomized block design was adopted and repeated for 3 times. The tested rice variety was high-quality indica rice ‘Huanghuazhan’. Five treatments included: (1) winter fallow, no rice straw mulching, no fertilization (CK); (2) winter fallow, no rice straw mulching, conventional nitrogen fertilizer rate (NPK); (3) planting green manure in winter, rice straw mulching with conventional nitrogen fertilizer rate (GRN₁₀₀); (4) planting green manure in winter, rice straw mulching with 80% conventional nitrogen fertilizer rate (GRN₈₀); (5) planting green manure in winter, rice straw mulching with 70% conventional nitrogen fertilizer rate (GRN₇₀). The dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen transport and nitrogen utilization at the full heading and mature stage in rice were analyzed. The results showed that: (I) Compared with NPK, the yield of rice increased by 3.50%-7.65% under the milk vetch+rice straw treatments, and the dry weight of stem sheath, leaf, and panicle increased by 25.54%-44.79%, 44.79%-53.74%, 33.76%-61.81% at the full heading stage. The dry weight of stem sheath and leaf increased by 6.87%-25.57%, 20.87%-23.46% at maturity stage. Compared with GRN₁₀₀, the grain yield of GRN₈₀ and GRN₇₀ was increased by 4.00%-2.77%, the dry weight of panicle increased by 21.33%-4.56% at the full heading stage, and the dry weight of stems sheath, and panicle increased by 17.52%-10.91% during the mature stage of GRN₈₀. (II) Compared with NPK, the nitrogen accumulation in stem sheath, leaf and panicle of the milk vetch+rice straw treatments increased by 34.84%-60.59%, 50.41%-69.28%, 26.57%-45.35% during the full heading stage, 48.61%-54.78%, 54.67%-91.81%, 6.42%-19.96% at mature stage, 16.89%-64.99% in stem sheath nitrogen transport, 47.85%-73.05% in leaf nitrogen transport, and 27.75%-41.09% in nitrogen transport contribution rate. Compared with GRN₁₀₀, nitrogen increasement in the panicle of GRN₈₀ increased by 19.76%, and nitrogen transport capacity, stem sheath transport rate, leaf transport rate, and nitrogen transport efficiency increased by 7.46%, 2.73%, 9.35%, and 6.86%, respectively. (Ⅲ) Compared with NPK, the nitrogen dry matter production efficiency decreased by 10.64%-20.92%, the nitrogen fertilizer physiological utilization efficiency decreased by 17.88%-32.89%, the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency increased by 7.81%-63.03%, the nitrogen recovery rate increased by 57.36%-97.19%, and the nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity increased by 3.55%-52.00%. Compared with GRN₁₀₀, GRN₈₀ and GRN₇₀ increased nitrogen dry matter production efficiency by 13.00%-10.97%, nitrogen fertilizer physiological utilization efficiency by 12.34%-22.37%, nitrogen fertilizer agricultural efficiency by 35.66%-51.21%, nitrogen recovery rate by 21.04%-25.52%, and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity by 30.04%-46.79%. In conclusion, the co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw in winter accompanied by reducing 20% or 30% N application rate based on conventional N application rate, can significantly increase rice yield, nitrogen absorption and transportation and nitrogen utilization. It may be a green and efficient cultivation model suitable for rice production in the Hanzhong region.

Key words: Chinese milk vetch-rice, nitrogen reduction, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen utilization

王吕, 吴玉红, 秦宇航, 淡亚彬, 陈浩, 郝兴顺, 田霄鸿. 紫云英稻秸秆协同还田与氮肥减量配施对水稻干物质积累、氮素转运及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(3): 756-770.

WANG Lyu, WU Yu-Hong, QIN Yu-Hang, DAN Ya-Bin, CHEN Hao, HAO Xing-Shun, TIAN Xiao-Hong. Effects of rice straw mulching combined with green manure retention and nitrogen reduction applications on dry matter quality accumulation, nitrogen transport and grain yield of rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(3): 756-770.

图/表 9

表1

表2

表3

方差分析"

生育期 Growth stage	因子 Factor		年度 Season (S)	氮肥 Nitrogen (N)	年度×氮肥 S×N
齐穗期 Full Heading stage	干物质量 Dry matter quality	茎鞘Stem sheat	1.66	64.54^**	2.80
		叶片Leaf	6.21	82.95^**	0.76
		穗Panicle	0.11	23.63^**	0.45
		植株Plant	2.53	179.34^**	3.00
	干物质分配 Dry matter partioning	茎鞘Stem sheat	3590.26^**	2.31	2.09
		叶片Leaf	448.59^**	15.35^**	2.47
		穗Panicle	2410.21^**	0.71	0.60
	氮累积量 Nitrogen accumulation	茎鞘Stem sheat	60.05^*	227.33^**	22.38^**
		叶片Leaf	4.15	629.5^**	7.79^**
		穗Panicle	184.39^**	51.78^**	0.78
		植株Plant	130.24^**	1204.96^**	18.12^**
	氮累积量分配 Nitrogen accumulation partioning	茎鞘Stem sheat	3.36	3.75^*	16.75^**
		叶片Leaf	6.56	25.45^**	3.72^*
		穗Panicle	7.76	17.67^**	2.15
成熟期 Mature stage	干物质量 Dry matter quality	茎鞘Stem sheat	10.07	20.68^**	7.22^**
		叶片Leaf	95.28^*	56.73^**	16.44^**
		穗Panicle	44.39^*	398.75^**	1.64
		植株Plant	12.67	265.15^**	11.29^**
	干物质分配 Dry matter partioning	茎鞘Stem sheat	3.36	6.19^**	1.94
		叶片Leaf	64.10^*	2.99	5.49^**
		穗Panicle	235.85^**	4.60^*	5.58^**
	氮累积量 Nitrogen accumulation	茎鞘Stem sheat	6.92	561.42^**	11.57^**
		叶片Leaf	116.08^**	537.53^**	24.36^**
		穗Panicle	1487.34^**	1726.92^**	51.46^**
		植株Plant	414.01^**	1781.24^**	14.67^**
	氮累积量分配 Nitrogen accumulation partioning	茎鞘Stem sheat	1.62	34.45^**	11.14^**
		叶片Leaf	209.19^**	152.67^**	43.29^**
		穗Panicle	3003.59^**	107.08^**	40.77^**
成熟期 Mature stage	氮肥养分利用率 Nitrogen fertilizer nutrient utilization rate	氮素收获指数NHI	30.14^*	3.88^*	7.38^**
		氮素干物质生产效率NDMPE	40.10^*	281.02^**	7.72^**
		氮肥农学效率NAE	1039.22^**	70.64^*	2.79
		氮肥偏生产力NPFP	746.24^**	235.01^**	2.15
		氮素回收率NRE	2.28	161.21^**	4.02^*
		氮肥生理利用率NPE	127.70^**	64.05^**	13.96^**
齐穗期后 After full heading stage	氮转运 Nitrogen transport	茎鞘Stem sheat	6888.06^**	181.09^**	66.78^**
		叶片Leaf	20.1^*	574.27^**	16.62^**
		穗Panicle	160.26^**	597.37^**	25.57^**
	氮转运率 Nitrogen transfer rate	茎鞘Stem sheat	400.46^**	30.17^**	45.59^**
		叶片Leaf	1578.82^**	10.52^**	22.95^**
		氮素转运效率NTE	361.85^**	16.30^**	1.86
		氮转运贡献率NTCR	314.18^**	11.18^**	2.62

表3

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

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处理 Treatment	基肥用量 Base-manure amounts (kg hm^-2)	追肥用量 Topdressing amounts (kg hm^-2)	水稻秸秆还田量和氮含量 Rice straw return (t hm^-2) and nitrogen content (g kg^-1)		紫云英还田量和氮含量 Chinese milk vetch return (t hm^-2) and nitrogen content (g kg^-1)
处理 Treatment	基肥用量 Base-manure amounts (kg hm^-2)	追肥用量 Topdressing amounts (kg hm^-2)	2020	2021	2020	2021
CK	N 126, K₂O 105, P₂O₅ 90	N 54	—	—	—	—
NPK	N 126, K₂O 105, P₂O₅ 90	N 54	—	—	—	—
GRN₁₀₀	N 126, K₂O 105, P₂O₅ 90	N 54	7.69, 7.93	5.88, 9.63	18.00, 30.31	18.00, 31.83
GRN₈₀	N 101, K₂O 105, P₂O₅ 90	N 43	8.51, 6.66	6.53, 7.44	18.00, 29.86	18.00, 31.47
GRN₇₀	N 88, K₂O 105, P₂O₅ 90	N 38	8.21, 7.17	5.93, 8.26	18.00, 28.73	18.00, 30.26

年度 Season	处理 Treatment	产量 Rice yield (kg hm^-2)	有效穗 Effective panicle (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗实粒数 Filled grain number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)
2020	CK	5273±223.18 c	122.85±5.84 d	133.92±1.56 c	20.69±0.43 c	96.07±0.14 a
	NPK	8615±172.16 b	222.41±5.74 c	141.29±1.12 b	21.51±0.41 b	95.83±0.45 ab
	GRN₁₀₀	8853±170.41 ab	264.98±5.82 b	146.14±0.80 ab	22.12±0.63 ab	94.88±0.26 ab
	GRN₈₀	9185±206.67 a	287.62±3.47 a	147.71±3.17 a	22.93±0.45 a	94.84±0.46 b
	GRN₇₀	9118±201.04 a	259.35±7.95 b	143.24±1.02 ab	22.52±0.21 a	95.41±0.26 ab
2021	CK	4964±284.99 c	135.27±1.42 c	144.63±12.13 b	20.16±0.42 b	96.76±0.33 a
	NPK	10,143±147.42 b	297.93±11.07 b	153.16±8.63 b	21.17±0.24 a	96.07±0.14 a
	GRN₁₀₀	10,573±336.05 ab	305.28±7.60 b	169.44±12.70 a	21.27±0.07 a	96.18±1.52 a
	GRN₈₀	11,024±534.99 a	326.65±4.05 a	167.12±16.35 a	21.58±0.19 a	96.46±0.62 a
	GRN₇₀	10,843±245.83 a	297.59±6.58 b	167.86±13.35 a	21.31±0.16 a	96.19±1.00 a
方差分析ANOVA
年度Season (S)		263.71^**	454.74^**	130.20^**	96.36^*	13.05
氮肥Nitrogen (N)		305.20^**	665.64^**	18.10^**	20.18^**	2.56
年度×氮肥 (S×N)		14.09^**	16.42^**	5.05^**	1.91	1.46

紫云英稻秸秆协同还田与氮肥减量配施对水稻干物质积累、氮素转运及产量的影响

Effects of rice straw mulching combined with green manure retention and nitrogen reduction applications on dry matter quality accumulation, nitrogen transport and grain yield of rice

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