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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 771-778.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.33026

所属专题： 玉米：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米穗轴的颜色变化, 是偶然还是与农艺性状存在关联?——以历年国审普通品种为例

梁星伟1(), 杨文亭1, 金雨1, 胡莉1, 傅小香1, 陈先敏2, 周顺利2,*(), 申思2,*(), 梁效贵1,2,*()   

  1. 1江西农业大学农学院 / 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室 / 植物化学与植物源农药创新团队, 江西南昌 330045
    2中国农业大学农学院, 北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-27 接受日期:2023-10-23 出版日期:2024-03-12 网络出版日期:2023-11-14
  • 通讯作者: *周顺利, E-mail: zhoushl@cau.edu.cn; 申思, E-mail: shensi@cau.edu.cn; 梁效贵, E-mail: liangxg@jxau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: Liangxw1120@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32160445);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-13);中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M723432)

Is cob color variation in maize accidental or incidental to any agronomic traits? —An example of nationally approved common hybrids over the years

LIANG Xing-Wei1(), YANG Wen-Ting1, JIN Yu1, HU Li1, FU Xiao-Xiang1, CHEN Xian-Min2, ZHOU Shun-Li2,*(), SHEN Si2,*(), LIANG Xiao-Gui1,2,*()   

  1. 1School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education / Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Plant-derived Pesticides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
    2College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2023-04-27 Accepted:2023-10-23 Published:2024-03-12 Published online:2023-11-14
  • Contact: *E-mail: zhoushl@cau.edu.cn; E-mail: shensi@cau.edu.cn; E-mail: liangxg@jxau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160445);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02-13);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M723432)

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摘要：

玉米穗轴颜色在温带种质及商业化杂交品种中受到强烈的人工选择。为了明确我国不同区域玉米穗轴颜色选择的偏向性, 探索轴色与多种农艺性状间的关联, 本文以1992—2020年国审普通玉米品种为例, 对品种轴色、审定区域及多项农艺性状进行了比较分析。在统计到的1604个品种中, 红轴品种占比从1992年的50%逐渐提高至2020年的80%以上。其中, 北方春玉米区、黄淮海夏玉米区和西北玉米区的红轴品种比例随年份更替提升速度高于西南和南方玉米区。对比分析红、白轴品种在株型、果穗和籽粒特性等方面的差异发现, 近15~20年间的红轴品种平均穗长和穗行数均显著高于白轴。随年代更替, 红轴品种的籽粒平均粗淀粉含量升高趋势快于白轴, 但其平均粗脂肪含量下降明显, 并且红轴品种平均粗蛋白含量和赖氨酸含量表现弱于白轴。因此, 针对红色穗轴的强烈人工选择可能主要与玉米单株产量潜力的挖掘有关。但红轴品种在非生物逆境抗性和籽粒品质方面的表现需要进一步探讨。

关键词: 玉米, 穗轴颜色, 人工选择, 国审品种, 区域分布, 农艺性状

Abstract:

Maize cob color has undergone powerful artificial selection in temperate germplasm and commercial hybrids. To clarify the selection bias of cob color in maize in different regions, and to explore the association of cob color with various agronomic traits, we used the public data of nationally approved maize hybrids from 1992 to 2020 to analyze the released regions and multiple agronomic traits of hybrids with different cob colors (red or white). Among the 1604 hybrids counted, the proportion of red cob hybrids has gradually increased from 50% in 1992 to more than 80% in 2020. The proportion of red cobs in the Northern spring maize region, Huanghuaihai summer maize region, and Northwestern maize region increased faster than that in the Southwestern and Southern maize regions. The average ear length and kernel row number of the red cob hybrids and white axis varieties were significantly higher than those of the whites in the recent 15-20 years. The average crude starch content of the reds increased significantly over the years, while the average crude fat content decreased significantly. The average crude protein and lysine content of the reds were weaker than that of the white axis varieties. Therefore, we speculate that the strong artificial selection for red cob may be mainly related to the pursuit of maize yield potential per plant. However, the performance of red cob hybrids in abiotic stress and grain protein quality deserves further exploration.

Key words: maize, cob color, artificial selection, nationally approved hybrids, regional distribution, agronomic traits

图1

历年国审普通玉米品种穗轴颜色比率变化趋势 White: 白轴; Red: 红轴。图中阴影部分为统计到的不同时段国审普通玉米品种数量。*、**和***分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001概率水平差异显著。"

图2

不同区域历年国审普通玉米品种穗轴颜色变化特征 N: 北方玉米区; HHH: 黄淮海玉米区; NW: 西北玉米区; SW: 西南玉米区; S: 南方玉米区; _W: 白色穗轴; _R: 红色穗轴。图中数字代表统计到的不同时段内不同区域国审玉米品种数量。"

图3

不同穗轴颜色历年国审普通玉米品种株型比例变化 W: 白色穗轴; R: 红色穗轴。"

图4

不同穗轴颜色历年国审普通玉米品种植株农艺性状比较 *和***分别表示在0.05和0.001概率水平差异显著。"

图5

不同穗轴颜色历年国审普通玉米品种果穗/籽粒形态比较 *、**和***分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001概率水平差异显著。"

图6

不同穗轴颜色历年国审玉米品种籽粒品质比较 White: 白轴; Red: 红轴; White_average: 白轴平均值; Red_average: 红轴平均值; White_in total: 白轴玉米总数; Red_in total: 红轴玉米总数。图中红、黑三角形分别代表红、白轴平均值。*和***分别表示在0.05和0.001概率水平差异显著。"

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