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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (6): 1584-1596.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34123

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

密度与氮素对夏播棉氮素吸收利用的影响

徐泽(), 吴莘玲, 刘震宇, 李涵佳, 冷鑫华, 吴天凡, 陈媛, 张祥, 陈德华*()   

  1. 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点 / 粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-14 接受日期:2024-01-12 出版日期:2024-06-12 网络出版日期:2024-02-20
  • 通讯作者: * 陈德华, E-mail: cdh@yzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 544252305@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0100400);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201300)

Effects of planting density with nitrogen rate on regulation of nitrogen utilization in summer direct seeded cotton

XU Ze(), WU Xin-Ling, LIU Zhen-Yu, LI Han-Jia, LENG Xin-Hua, WU Tian-Fan, CHEN Yuan, ZHANG Xiang, CHEN De-Hua*()   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2023-07-14 Accepted:2024-01-12 Published:2024-06-12 Published online:2024-02-20
  • Contact: * E-mail: cdh@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0100400);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0201300)

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摘要：

为明确密度氮素对夏播棉氮素吸收利用的影响, 2019—2020年于扬州大学遗传生理重点实验室以特早熟品种中棉所425为材料, 2019年采用裂区设计, 以密度为主处理, 设60,000株 hm-2、90,000株 hm-2、120,000株 hm-2 3个水平, 以施氮量为副区, 设施纯氮0 kg hm-2、90 kg hm-2、150 kg hm-2、210 kg hm-2 4个水平; 2020年采用单因素随机区组设计, 设置生产对照CK (90,000株 hm-2; 180 kg hm-2氮素), 在120,000株 hm-2密度下, 设施纯氮0 kg hm-2、90 kg hm-2、150 kg hm-2、210 kg hm-2 4个水平, 研究密度与氮素处理对此种植方式下产量及其构成以及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明, 在120,000株 hm-2密度下配合施氮150 kg hm-2夏播棉籽棉产量显著提高, 达4147.8~5119.2 kg hm-2; 生殖器官干物重达2605.6~2863.6 kg hm-2且占比达50%以上; 生殖器官氮素积累量显著增加, 达45.97~60.70 kg hm-2; 氮素利用率显著提高, 氮肥回收利用率达42.58%~44.17%, 氮肥农学利用率达7.16~21.34 kg (kg N)-1, 氮素生理利用率达19.16~24.03 kg (kg N)-1, 氮肥偏生产力达21.12~34.13 kg (kg N)-1, 回归分析进一步表明氮肥回收利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮素生理利用率与产量呈显著以上水平线性正相关; 喷施脱叶催熟剂前吐絮率达43.59%~60.76%, 喷施脱叶催熟剂后可达到正常吐絮的要求。因此, 高密中氮配合有利于夏播棉氮素的吸收利用, 可为棉花高产高效和减氮提供技术支撑。

关键词: 夏播棉, 密度, 氮素, 氮素利用率

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of planting density with nitrogen rate on regulation of nitrogen utilization in summer direct seeded cotton, the CCRI 425 were used as the experimental materials in the Key Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Yangzhou University in 2019 and 2020. Density were used as the main treatments in 2019 and three levels of density of 60,000 plants hm-2, 90,000 plants hm-2, and 120,000 plants hm-2 were set. Nitrogen application rate as the secondary treatments and four levels of convention nitrogen application rate (0 kg hm-2, 90 kg hm-2, 150 kg hm-2, and 210 kg hm-2) were conducted. Production application (90,000 plants hm-2, 180 kg hm-2 nitrogen application rate) was used as the CK. Under the density of 120,000 plants hm-2, there were four levels of convention nitrogen application rate (0 kg hm-2, 90 kg hm-2, 150 kg hm-2, and 210 kg hm-2). The results showed that cotton seed yield was increased, reaching 4147.8-5119.2 kg hm-2, at the density of 12×104 plants hm-2 with nitrogen application of 150 kg hm-2. The dry matter of reproductive organs was 2605.6-2863.6 kg hm-2 and accounted for over 50% of the total dry matter weight. Nitrogen accumulation in reproductive organs was significantly increased, reaching 45.97-60.70 kg hm-2. Nitrogen use efficiency was significantly increased, nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) was 42.58%-44.17%, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (aNUE) was 7.16-21.34 kg (kg N)-1, physiological nitrogen use efficiency (pNUE) was 19.16-24.03 kg (kg N)-1, partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (NPP) was 21.12-34.13 kg (kg N) -1. Regression analysis further showed that nitrogen recovery efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen physiological efficiency, and physiological efficiency were linearly positively correlated with yield. The percentage of open bolls reached 43.59%-60.76% before spraying defoliation and ripening agent and the normal flocculation rate could be achieved after spraying defoliation and ripening agent. Therefore, high-density with medium nitrogen rate is beneficial to nitrogen absorption and utilization, which provides the technical support for high yield, high efficient production, and nitrogen reduction in cotton.

Key words: summer direct seeded cotton, planting density, nitrogen, nitrogen utilization rate

表1

密度和氮素对夏播棉产量及其构成的影响(2019)"

处理
Treatment		 密度
Density
(plant hm-2)		 单株成铃数
Bolls per plant		 单铃重
Single boll weight (g)		 籽棉产量
Seed cotton yield (kg hm-2)		 皮棉产量
Lint yield
(kg hm-2)		 衣分
Lint percentage
(%)
P1N0 56,415.8 a 7.4 cd 4.8 c 2760.6 ef 911.0 e 33.17 b
P1N1 58,013.7 a 8.9 abc 5.4 ab 2983.6 e 963.4 d 33.41 b
P1N2 56,036.9 a 9.5 ab 5.5 ab 3135.0 de 1061.9 cd 33.87 b
P1N3 57,748.0 a 10.0 a 5.7 a 3420.0 d 1078.3 cd 31.53 b
P2N0 84,812.1 a 6.3 d 4.7 c 2841.1 e 909.2 e 32.47 b
P2N1 85,022.4 a 7.5 cd 5.3 ab 3577.5 c 1308.7 b 36.58 a
P2N2 86,184.3 a 8.2 bc 5.7 a 4206.6 b 1360.7 b 32.35 a
P2N3 85,439.6 a 7.5 cd 5.4 ab 3645.0 c 1288.9 b 35.36 ab
P3N0 118,675.7 a 6.2 de 4.7 c 2818.0 e 1134.4 c 33.25 b
P3N1 116,442.3 a 7.9 cd 5.2 b 4929.6 a 1840.5 a 37.34 a
P3N2 116,574.7 a 7.9 cd 5.4 ab 5119.2 a 1972.8 a 38.54 a
P3N3 117,684.5 a 6.4 d 5.3 ab 4070.4 b 1470.4 b 36.12 a
F值F-value
密度处理Density (P) NS 50.94** NS 121.96** 147.43** NS
氮处理Nitrogen (N) NS NS 4.21* 6.81* 6.07* NS
密度处理×氮处理P×N NS NS NS 7.23** 6.77** NS

表2

密度和氮素对夏播棉产量及其构成的影响(2020)"

处理
Treatment		 密度
Density
(plants hm-2)		 单株成铃数
Bolls per plant		 单铃重
Single boll weight (g)		 籽棉产量
Seed cotton yield (kg hm-2)		 皮棉产量
Lint yield
(kg hm-2)		 衣分
Lint percentage
(%)
CK 85,366.4 a 9.1 a 4.5 ab 3685.5 b 1405.9 b 38.15 a
P3N0 117,457.9 a 5.6 d 4.1 b 2755.2 c 1019.7 c 37.01 b
P3N1 115,698.3 a 6.9 bc 4.6 ab 3808.8 ab 1558.4 ab 40.92 a
P3N2 116,637.4 a 7.1 b 4.9 a 4174.8 a 1718.0 a 41.15 a
P3N3 118,547.8 a 6.5 c 4.5 ab 3510.0 b 1325.9 bc 37.77 ab

图1

2019-2020棉花生长期(6月至10月)降水量变化"

表3

密度和氮素对夏播棉烂铃及脱落情况的影响(2019)"

处理
Treatment		 烂铃个数
Rotten bolls		 烂铃率
Rate of rotten bolls (%)		 脱落率
Shedding rate (%)
P1N0 0.5 a 2.6 a 63.2 ab
P1N1 0.4 a 1.9 a 57.1 b
P1N2 0.4 a 2.5 a 61.3 ab
P1N3 0.3 ab 2.4 a 58.8 b
P2N0 0.3 ab 1.9 a 63.6 ab
P2N1 0.4 a 1.8 a 68.2 a
P2N2 0.3 ab 1.5 a 65.6 ab
P2N3 0.3 ab 1.5 a 65.5 ab
P3N0 0.3 ab 1.4 a 71.4 a
P3N1 0.2 ab 1.1 b 72.2 a
P3N2 0.2 ab 1.1 b 70.1 a
P3N3 0.3 ab 1.4 a 69.5 a
F值F-value
密度处理Density (P) NS NS 13.56*
氮处理Nitrogen (N) NS NS NS
密度处理×氮处理P×N NS NS NS

表4

密度和氮素对夏播棉烂铃及脱落情况的影响(2020)"

处理
Treatment		 烂铃个数
Rotten bolls		 烂铃率
Rate of rotten bolls (%)		 脱落率
Shedding rate (%)
CK 0.3 a 1.5 a 65.5 a
P3N0 0.2 a 1.3 a 67.4 a
P3N1 0.2 a 1.8 a 62.7 a
P3N2 0.2 a 1.7 a 69.5 a
P3N3 0.3 a 2.2 a 65.3 a

表5

密度和氮素对夏播棉生殖器官干物质积累量的影响(2019)"

处理
Treatment		 日期Date (month/day)
7/30 8/15 8/30 9/20
P1N0 17.5 cd 164.1 f 1196.8 cd 1857.9 e
P1N1 19.6 c 196.4 d 1348.6 b 2203.4 c
P1N2 20.8 c 239.0 cd 1567.0 b 2290.8 c
P1N3 25.4 bc 257.0 bcd 1609.4 ab 2668.8 b
P2N0 19.4 c 180.9 e 1205.8 c 2021.7 d
P2N1 25.8 bc 224.4 cd 1533.2 b 2269.8 c
P2N2 32.0 bc 356.0 bc 1500.4 b 2507.0 bc
P2N3 34.2 ab 271.4 bcd 1476.6 b 2824.6 a
P3N0 18.6 c 176.1 e 1208.6 c 2064.9 d
P3N1 36.2 ab 390.2 b 1744.5 ab 2848.8 a
P3N2 44.6 a 588.4 a 1955.5 a 2863.6 a
P3N3 35.4 ab 191.2 d 1156.4 c 1940.4 de
F值F-value
密度处理Density (P) 20.71** 314.05** 49.90** 269.40**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) NS 17.08** 14.51** 11.14**
密度处理×氮处理P×N 3.82* 17.75** 12.83** 9.79**

表6

密度和氮素对夏播棉生殖器官干物质积累量的影响(2020)"

处理
Treatment		 日期Date (month/day)
7/30 8/15 8/30 9/20
CK 29.0 b 235.6 b 1671.7 b 2079.9 ab
P3N0 18.2 d 205.9 d 1314.0 c 1593.6 b
P3N1 31.3 b 283.0 ab 1722.6 ab 2392.9 ab
P3N2 38.1 a 331.7 a 1922.6 a 2605.6 a
P3N3 30.3 b 200.1 c 1438.8 c 1896.3 b

图2

密度和氮素对生殖器官干物重所占比例的影响 处理同表1和表2。"

表7

密度和氮素对夏播棉氮素积累量的影响(2019)"

处理
Treatment		 营养器官Nutritive organ 生殖器官Reproductive organ
7/30† 8/15 8/30 9/20 7/30 8/15 8/30 9/20
P1N0 24.76 f 58.54 c 59.82 d 65.27 bc 3.37 cd 6.80 ef 23.05 e 28.18 e
P1N1 36.97 d 57.92 c 68.54 c 69.69 b 3.69 c 10.28 e 24.87 e 34.02 de
P1N2 39.67 d 63.53 c 72.79 c 73.35 b 3.99 c 10.62 e 31.13 d 41.71 cd
P1N3 46.15 c 66.57 c 75.86 c 78.50 b 4.17 c 12.38 de 34.10 cd 42.04 cd
P2N0 23.46 f 51.3 cd 56.86 de 74.35 b 3.41 cd 7.75 ef 28.96 de 34.40 de
P2N1 55.62 b 77.28 b 89.55 b 98.10 a 5.68 b 14.15 cd 34.73 cd 44.68 c
P2N2 59.07 b 77.60 b 93.65 ab 99.86 a 6.64 ab 16.27 bc 38.59 bc 45.67 c
P2N3 60.32 b 81.11 b 96.98 ab 100.46 a 6.21 ab 15.86 c 35.85 cd 45.32 c
P3N0 27.07 e 42.56 d 65.43 cd 75.23 b 2.53 d 9.43 e 24.69 e 38.92 d
P3N1 81.64 a 91.98 a 105.82 ab 110.95 a 6.98 ab 18.32 b 44.14 ab 52.35 bc
P3N2 80.80 a 90.97 a 104.39 ab 107.32 a 8.07 a 20.42 a 45.71 a 60.70 a
P3N3 83.71 a 95.21 a 109.41 a 113.39 a 6.80 ab 16.36 bc 40.71 abc 54.80 b
F值F-value
密度处理Density (P) 111.07** 168.49** 342.37** NS 594.45** 664.34** 482.56** 1248.50**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 69.14** 38.46** 34.45** 17.43* 43.41** 374.36** 257.34** 47.17**
密度处理×氮处理P×N 21.75** 34.64** 26.38** NS 22.17** 38.16** 45.60** 16.49**

表8

密度和氮素对夏播棉氮素积累量的影响(2020)"

处理
Treatment		 营养器官Nutritive organ 生殖器官Reproductive organ
7/30 8/15 8/30 9/20 8/15 8/30 9/20
CK 43.18 ab 71.62 bc 91.28 a 109.33 a 17.10 ab 26.33 a 34.98 b
P3N0 27.59 c 61.20 c 75.12 b 86.59 b 13.89 b 18.72 b 25.24 d
P3N1 45.90 ab 88.53 ab 93.20 a 110.91 a 19.17 a 27.17 a 43.89 ab
P3N2 37.55 b 70.98 bc 86.81 ab 107.13 a 19.80 a 31.36 a 45.97 a
P3N3 49.09 a 90.60 a 100.65 a 112.23 a 14.04 b 24.82 a 32.60 bc

图3

不同生育期生殖器官氮素积累量与籽棉产量的关系"

表9

密度和氮素对氮肥利用率的影响(2019)"

处理
Treatment		 氮肥回收利用率
NRE (%)		 氮肥农学利用率
aNUE (kg kg-1N)		 氮素生理利用率
pNUE (kg kg-1N)		 氮肥偏生产力
NPP (kg kg-1N)
P1N1 14.41 d 2.48 de 10.26 d 33.15 bc
P1N2 12.90 de 2.50 de 15.61 cde 20.90 d
P1N3 11.40 e 3.14 d 17.09 cd 16.29 de
P2N1 37.81 b 8.18 bc 18.03 c 39.75 b
P2N2 24.52 c 9.10 b 20.78 b 28.04 c
P2N3 17.63 cd 3.83 d 17.03 cd 17.36 d
P3N1 35.72 bc 23.46 a 21.70 b 54.77 a
P3N2 42.58 a 21.34 ab 24.03 a 34.13 bc
P3N3 30.50 bc 5.96 c 16.56 cd 19.38 d
F值F-value
密度处理Density (P) 262.64** 693.04** 90.25** 41.93**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 42.92** 108.94** 51.24** 726.10**
密度处理×氮处理P×N 62.92** 503.38** 31.32** 56.97**

表10

密度和氮素对氮肥利用率的影响(2020)"

处理
Treatment		 氮肥回收利用率
NRE (%)		 氮肥农学利用率
aNUE (kg kg-1N)		 氮素生理利用率
pNUE (kg kg-1N)		 氮肥偏生产力
NPP (kg kg-1N)
CK 18.34 bc 3.80 b 15.09 b 15.43 c
P3N1 54.28 a 8.72 a 15.79 b 32.00 a
P3N2 44.17 a 7.16 ab 19.16 a 21.12 b
P3N3 22.61 b 2.74 b 12.55 b 12.71 d

表11

氮肥利用率与籽棉产量的关系"

年份
Year		 氮肥利用率
Nitrogen use efficiency		 与籽棉产量的回归关系
Correlation between nitrogen use efficiency and seed cotton yield		 相关系数
Correlation coefficient
2019 氮肥回收利用率Nitrogen recovery efficiency y = 0.0128x-24.508 0.8104**
氮肥农学利用率Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency y = 0.01x-29.964 0.9291**
氮素生理利用率Physiological nitrogen use efficiency y = 0.0048x-0.6406 0.8938**
氮肥偏生产力Partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer y = 0.0086x-4.3975 0.2627
2020 氮肥回收利用率Nitrogen recovery efficiency y = 1028.5x+3439.9 0.6343*
氮肥农学利用率Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency y = 69.857x+3403.2 0.7026**
氮素生理利用率Physiological nitrogen use efficiency y = 102.4x+2192.4 0.9989**
氮肥偏生产力Partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer y = 14.479x+3500.6 0.4453*

表12

密度和氮素对夏播棉吐絮率的影响"

处理
Treatment		 2019 2020
喷施前
Before application of harvest aid		 喷施后
After application of
harvest aid		 喷施前
Before application of harvest aid		 喷施后
After application of
harvest aid
P1N0 58.23 b 81.02 a — —
P1N1 60.95 ab 83.01 a — —
P1N2 69.97 a 85.28 a — —
P1N3 64.96 ab 81.73 a — —
P2N0 56.54 b 76.47 ab — —
P2N1 57.29 b 80.95 a — —
P2N2 60.12 ab 84.96 a — —
P2N3 58.90 b 82.11 a — —
P3N0 51.25 bc 74.18 ab 35.60 b 69.97 ab
P3N1 53.28 bc 73.57 ab 43.62 ab 68.08 ab
P3N2 60.76 ab 81.83 a 43.59 ab 78.95 a
P3N3 59.25 ab 82.41 a 42.48 ab 75.53 a
CK — — 49.58 a 83.22 a
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