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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (6): 1597-1607.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34137

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐胁迫对油菜生理特征和菜籽产量品质的影响

王龙(), 李静, 钱晨, 林国冰, 李亦扬, 杨光, 左青松*()   

  1. 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 扬州大学农学院, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-08 接受日期:2024-01-12 出版日期:2024-06-12 网络出版日期:2024-02-08
  • 通讯作者: * 左青松, E-mail: qszuo@yzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: dx120210110@yzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省高等学校基础科学重大项目(21KJA210003);扬州市现代农业项目(YZ2022055);江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室开放课题(YCSL201909)

Effects of salt stress on yield, quality, and physiology in rapeseed

WANG Long(), LI Jing, QIAN Chen, LIN Guo-Bing, LI Yi-Yang, YANG Guang, ZUO Qing-Song*()   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2023-08-08 Accepted:2024-01-12 Published:2024-06-12 Published online:2024-02-08
  • Contact: * E-mail: qszuo@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Major Project of Basic Science (Natural Science) in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(21KJA210003);Modern Agriculture Project in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China(YZ2022055);Open Project from Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology(YCSL201909)

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摘要：

为了探明盐胁迫对油菜产量品质和生理特征的影响机制, 本研究以浙油50为材料, 于2020—2022年油菜生长季在盐城大丰盐碱地进行试验, 分别设置低盐和高盐处理, 研究油菜碳氮同化、光合特征、抗逆生理以及菜籽产量品质的变化。结果表明, 相比低盐处理, 高盐处理下油菜初花期各器官干物质积累降低18.46%~35.67%, 成熟期降低20.92%~46.03%; 高盐处理提高了初花期根和叶片的干物质分配比例, 降低了茎枝的分配比例, 提高了成熟期根和茎枝的分配比例, 降低了果壳和籽粒的分配比例。此外, 高盐处理降低初花期和成熟期各器官碳氮积累, 降低了茎枝和叶片的碳氮转运效率, 表明盐胁迫抑制油菜碳氮同化和花后养分转运, 最终导致籽粒产量降低; 另一方面, 高盐处理下各器官C/N显著降低, 表明盐胁迫对碳素同化的抑制程度强于氮素, 导致籽粒品质改变, 使籽粒蛋白质含量提高8.23%, 油分含量降低4.42%。高盐较低盐显著降低初花期叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾系数、瞬间羧化效率, 提高胞间CO2浓度和水分利用效率, 表明盐胁迫对油菜光合的影响可能主要归因于非气孔限制。与低盐相比, 高盐下油菜H2O2和MDA含量增加27.41%和42.33%, SOD活性、CAT活性、AsA含量、可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量分别上升65.54%、22.85%、29.68%、9.75%和16.84%。由此认为, 盐胁迫通过抑制油菜碳氮同化和限制光合, 降低籽粒产量, 改变籽粒品质, 同时油菜可以提高抗氧化和渗透调节能力来适应盐胁迫环境。

关键词: 油菜, 盐胁迫, 碳氮同化, 生理, 产量品质

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of salt stress on seed yield, quality, and physiological processes in rapeseed. During rapeseed growing season from 2020 to 2022, two different soil salinity levels of low soil salinity (LS) and high soil salinity (HS) were conducted for rapeseed planting in Dafeng city, Jiangsu province, China (33°24′N, 120°35′E). The results indicated that, compared with LS treatment, the biomass accumulation under HS treatment was decreased by 18.46%-35.67% at the early flowering stage, and 20.92%-46.03% at maturity stage, respectively. HS treatment increased the proportion of dry biomass distribution in roots and leaves and decreased the proportion of stem and branch distribution at the early flowering stage, and increased the proportion of root, stem, and branch distribution and decreased the proportion of pod and seed distribution at maturity stage. Moreover, compared with LS treatment, HS treatment decreased the accumulations of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in various organs at both early flowering and maturity stages, and decreased the efficiency of C and N translocation in stems, branches, and leaves at reproductive stage, indicating that salt stress inhibited C and N assimilation and translocation, and ultimately led to a decrease in seed yield. Besides, C/N in all organs under HS treatment was lower than that under LS treatment, indicating that the adverse effects of salt stress on C assimilation were more intensive than those on N assimilation, which resulted in the increased seed protein content by 8.23% and decreased oil content by 4.42%. In addition, compared with LS treatment, HS treatment decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (CE); however, it increased intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and water use efficiency (WUE), which indicating that the effects of salt stress on rapeseed photosynthesis were mainly attributed to the non-stomatal factors. HS treatment increased peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 27.41% and 42.33% compared with LS treatment. The superoxide (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, ascorbic acid (AsA) content, soluble protein content, and soluble sugar content under HS treatment were increased by 65.54%, 22.85%, 29.68%, 9.75%, and 16.84%, compared with LS treatment, respectively. In conclusion, salt stress decreased the yield and changed quality by inhibiting C and N assimilation and photosynthesis in rapeseed, which could improve the antioxidants and osmotic regulation ability to adapt to salt stress environment.

Key words: rapeseed, salt stress, C and N assimilation, physiology, yield and quality

表1

试验地土壤理化性质"

盐分含量
Salt content		 土壤盐离子含量Soil salt-ion content (g kg-1) 有机质
Organic
matter (g kg-1)		 pH
K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ HCO3- Cl- SO42- 总盐
Total salt
低盐LS 0.057 b 0.491 b 0.229 b 0.065 b 0.387 b 0.902 b 0.361 a 2.492 b 15.89 8.01
高盐HS 0.084 a 1.211 a 0.305 a 0.087 a 0.483 a 2.198 a 0.349 a 4.717 a 15.67 8.25

表2

不同土壤盐分含量对油菜籽粒产量和品质的影响"

年份
Year		 盐分含量
Salt content		 实际产量
Seed yield (kg hm-2)		 含油量
Oil content (%)		 蛋白质含量
Protein content (%)
2020-2021 低盐LS 2664 b 47.36 a 23.06 b
高盐HS 1514 c 45.38 b 24.88 a
2021-2022 低盐LS 3004 a 47.86 a 23.21 b
高盐HS 1556 c 45.63 b 25.20 a
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) ** ** **
年份Year (Y) ** NS NS
盐分含量×年份 S×Y ** NS NS

表3

不同土壤盐分含量对油菜干物质积累的影响"

年份
Year		 盐分含量
Salt content		 初花期Early flowering stage 成熟期Maturity stage
根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 叶片
Leaf		 花前落叶
Pre-anthesis deciduous leaf		 根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 花后落叶
Post-anthesis deciduous leaf		 果壳
Pod		 籽粒
Seed
2020-2021 低盐LS 586 b 2743 b 1363 b 521 b 781 b 3388 b 1282 b 2283 b 2867 b
高盐HS 491 d 1904 d 1072 c 343 d 579 d 2459 d 1056 c 1397 c 1613 c
2021-2022 低盐LS 654 a 3042 a 1528 a 571 a 873 a 3704 a 1481 a 2508 a 3238 a
高盐HS 518 c 2003 c 1119 c 359 c 629 c 2614 c 1123 c 1449 c 1673 c
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
年份Year (Y) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
盐分含量×年份 S×Y ** ** ** ** * * * * **

表4

不同土壤盐分含量对油菜干物质分配的影响"

年份
Year		 盐分含量
Salt content		 初花期Early flowering stage 成熟期Maturity stage
根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 叶片
Leaf		 根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 果壳
Pod		 籽粒
Seed
2020-2021 低盐LS 12.49 b 58.45 a 29.05 b 8.38 c 36.36 b 24.50 a 30.76 a
高盐HS 14.18 a 54.92 b 30.90 a 9.58 b 40.66 a 23.09 b 26.67 b
2021-2022 低盐LS 12.52 b 58.23 a 29.25 b 8.46 c 35.88 b 24.29 a 31.37 a
高盐HS 14.23 a 55.04 b 30.73 a 9.89 a 41.07 a 22.77 b 26.27 b
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) ** ** ** ** ** ** **
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS ** NS NS NS
盐分含量×年份 S×Y NS NS NS * NS NS NS

表5

不同土壤盐分含量对油菜碳素含量的影响"

年份
Year		 盐分含量
Salt content		 初花期Early flowering stage 成熟期Maturity stage
根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 叶片
Leaf		 花前落叶
Pre-anthesis
deciduous
leaf		 根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 花后落叶
Post-anthesis
deciduous
leaf		 果壳
Pod		 籽粒
Seed
2020-2021 低盐LS 41.03 a 39.38 a 41.14 a 36.43 a 41.06 a 41.33 a 35.26 a 40.82 a 58.14 a
高盐HS 40.59 a 38.23 b 40.19 b 35.65 b 40.46 a 40.88 a 34.65 a 40.16 a 57.18 a
2021-2022 低盐LS 41.18 a 39.43 a 41.16 a 36.96 a 41.06 a 41.42 a 35.71 a 40.84 a 58.12 a
高盐HS 40.67 a 38.21 b 40.17 b 35.71 b 40.46 a 40.85 a 34.76 a 40.15 a 57.20 a
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) NS ** ** ** * NS NS * *
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
盐分含量×年份 S×Y NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

表6

不同土壤盐分含量对油菜氮素含量的影响"

年份
Year		 盐分含量Salt content 初花期Early flowering stage 成熟期Maturity stage
根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 叶片
Leaf		 花前落叶
Pre-anthesis
deciduous
leaf		 根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 花后落叶
Post-anthesis
deciduous
leaf		 果壳
Pod		 籽粒
Seed
2020-2021 低盐LS 1.19 b 1.56 b 3.91 b 0.86 b 0.65 b 0.65 b 0.99 b 0.74 b 3.71 b
高盐HS 1.31 a 1.82 a 4.11 a 0.94 a 0.79 a 0.82 a 1.10 a 0.84 a 3.97 a
2021-2022 低盐LS 1.19 b 1.55 b 3.92 b 0.84 b 0.65 b 0.65 b 0.97 b 0.74 b 3.72 b
高盐HS 1.32 a 1.83 a 4.12 a 0.92 a 0.78 a 0.82 a 1.13 a 0.84 a 4.01 a
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
盐分含量×年份 S×Y NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

图1

不同土壤盐分含量对油菜碳氮积累的影响 同一器官不同字母表示在0.05概率水平处理间显著差异。"

表7

不同土壤盐分含量对油菜C/N的影响"

年份
Year		 盐分含量
Salt content		 初花期Early flowering stage 成熟期Maturity stage
根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 叶片
Leaf		 花前落叶
Pre-anthesis
deciduous leaf		 根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 花后落叶
Post-anthesis
deciduous leaf		 果壳
Pod		 籽粒
Seed
2020-2021 低盐LS 34.59 a 25.21 a 10.52 a 42.61 a 63.46 a 63.65 a 35.79 a 55.08 a 15.66 a
高盐HS 30.99 b 20.98 b 9.77 b 37.86 b 51.44 b 49.98 b 31.38 b 47.60 b 14.42 b
2021-2022 低盐LS 34.73 a 25.39 a 10.50 a 44.02 a 63.29 a 63.76 a 36.81 a 55.57 a 15.64 a
高盐HS 30.91 b 20.84 b 9.74 b 38.81 b 51.69 b 49.86 b 30.78 b 47.59 b 14.27 b
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS * NS NS NS NS NS
盐分含量×年份 S×Y NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

图2

不同土壤盐分含量对油菜碳氮转运的影响 同一年间同一器官不同字母表示在0.05概率水平处理间显著差异。"

表8

不同土壤盐分含量对油菜光合的影响"

年份
Year		 盐分含量
Salt content		 净光合速率
Pn
(μmol CO2 m-2 s-1)		 气孔导度
Gs
(mol H2O m-2 s-1)		 胞间CO2浓度
Ci
(μmol CO2 m-2)		 蒸腾系数
Tr
(mmol H2O m-2 s-1)		 瞬间羧化效率
CE		 水分利用效率
WUE
2020-2021 低盐LS 23.73 a 0.288 a 221 b 5.34 a 0.107 a 4.44 b
高盐HS 21.94 b 0.251 b 252 a 4.50 b 0.087 b 4.88 a
2021-2022 低盐LS 23.92 a 0.293 a 221 b 5.38 a 0.108 a 4.45 b
高盐HS 21.94 b 0.252 b 251 a 4.53 b 0.087 b 4.85 a
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) ** ** ** ** ** **
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS
盐分含量×年份 S×Y NS NS NS NS NS NS

图3

不同土壤盐分含量对油菜活性氧含量的影响 不同字母表示在0.05概率水平下处理间显著差异。**表示在0.01概率水平显著相关。"

表9

不同土壤盐分含量对油菜抗氧化和渗透物质的影响"

年份
Year		 盐分含量
Salt content		 SOD活性
SOD activity
(U g-1 FW)		 CAT活性
CAT activity
(U g-1 FW)		 抗坏血酸含量
AsA content
(ng g-1 FW)		 可溶性蛋白含量
Soluble protein content
(mg g-1 FW)		 可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content
(mg g-1 FW)
2020-2021 低盐LS 485 b 154 b 555 b 151.7 b 8.63 b
高盐HS 791 a 187 a 722 a 168.7 a 10.02 a
2021-2022 低盐LS 479 b 146 b 558 b 156.7 b 8.57 b
高盐HS 806 a 181 a 721 a 169.7 a 10.07 a
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) ** ** ** ** **
年份Year (Y) NS * NS NS NS
盐分含量×年份 S×Y NS NS NS NS NS
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