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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 1091-1101.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43032

所属专题： 玉米：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐胁迫对不同耐盐型玉米品种叶片光合性能和干物质积累与分配的影响

李雪婷1(), 任昊1, 王洪章1, 张吉旺1, 赵斌1, 任佰朝1, 刘莹2, 姚海燕3, 刘鹏1,*()   

  1. 1山东农业大学农学院 / 黄淮海玉米区域技术创新中心, 山东泰安 271018
    2滨州职业学院, 山东滨州 256603
    3无棣县农业农村局, 山东无棣 251900
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-25 接受日期:2024-10-25 出版日期:2025-04-12 网络出版日期:2024-11-11
  • 通讯作者: 刘鹏, E-mail: liup@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 17866707620@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省重点研发计划项目(LJNY202103);山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-02-08);山东省重大科技创新工程计划项目(2021CXGC010804-05);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1201700)

Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic performance and dry matter accumulation and distribution in leaves of different salt-tolerant maize varieties

LI Xue-Ting1(), REN Hao1, WANG Hong-Zhang1, ZHANG Ji-Wang1, ZHAO Bin1, REN Bai-Zhao1, LIU Ying2, YAO Hai-Yan3, LIU Peng1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University / Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Maize Technology Innovation Center, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Binzhou Polytechnic, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China
    3Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Wudi County, Wudi 251900, Shandong, China
  • Received:2024-07-25 Accepted:2024-10-25 Published:2025-04-12 Published online:2024-11-11
  • Contact: E-mail: liup@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(LJNY202103);Shandong Province Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation(SDAIT-02-08);Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province(2021CXGC010804-05);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1201700)

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摘要：

研究盐胁迫对不同耐盐型玉米品种叶片光合性能、干物质积累与分配特征的影响, 为培育耐盐型玉米品种和轻中度盐碱地玉米丰产抗逆栽培提供理论依据。试验于2022—2023年进行, 以耐盐型玉米品种万盛69 (WS69)和盐敏感型玉米品种登海605 (DH605)为材料, 以不施盐处理为对照(CK), 设置低(1.5‰, MS)、高(3.0‰, HS) 2个盐分浓度, 研究土壤盐分对不同耐盐型玉米品种物质生产性能的胁迫效应。盐胁迫显著降低夏玉米叶面积指数、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)和叶片光合势; 高盐胁迫处理DH605和WS69夏玉米叶片的平均光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(E)较CK分别降低22.11%、19.99%、11.63%和13.51%、13.42%、8.81%, 胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)升高19.83%和10.79%。盐胁迫阻碍夏玉米干物质积累速率, 植株生物量、积累速率最大时的生长量(Wmax)和最大积累速率(Rmax)显著降低, 达到最大积累速率所需天数(Tmax)增加。耐盐型品种花后干物质积累所占比例增加, 而盐敏感型品种则降低; 同时盐胁迫降低了干物质向生殖器官的分配比例, 进而造成减产。在MS和HS处理下, DH605平均产量较CK分别降低16.12%和27.42%; WS69平均产量分别降低6.90%和9.12%。盐胁迫后, 耐盐品种保持了较高的叶面积指数、SPAD值和光合势, 叶片光合性能受胁迫程度小, 有利于保持较高光合产物的积累; 盐胁迫显著降低夏玉米花后干物质积累和向生殖器官的分配, 降低收获指数, 从而导致产量降低。

关键词: 玉米, 盐胁迫, 叶片光合性能, 干物质积累

Abstract:

The effects of salt stress on photosynthetic performance, dry matter accumulation, and distribution characteristics in different salt-tolerant maize varieties were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for breeding salt-tolerant maize and optimizing high-yield, stress-resistant cultivation in mildly and moderately saline-alkali soils. The experiments were conducted from 2022 to 2023 using the salt-tolerant maize variety Wansheng 69 (WS69) and the salt-sensitive variety Denghai 605 (DH605), with non-saline conditions as the control (CK). Two salt concentrations—low (1.5‰, MS) and high (3.0‰, HS)—were used to assess the effects of soil salinity on the material production performance of these maize varieties. Salt stress significantly reduced the leaf area index, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), and leaf photosynthetic potential of summer maize. Under high salt stress, the average photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (E) of DH605 and WS69 leaves decreased by 22.11%, 19.99%, 11.63%, and 13.51%, 13.42%, 8.81%, respectively, compared to CK, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) increased by 19.83% and 10.79%. Salt stress also impeded dry matter accumulation in summer maize, significantly reducing plant biomass, the maximum growth rate (Wmax), and the maximum accumulation rate (Rmax), while increasing the number of days required to reach the maximum accumulation rate (Tmax). The proportion of dry matter accumulation after anthesis increased in salt-tolerant varieties but decreased in salt-sensitive varieties. Additionally, salt stress reduced the dry matter distribution to reproductive organs, leading to yield reduction. Under MS and HS treatments, the average yield of DH605 was 16.12% and 27.42% lower than CK, respectively, while the yield of WS69 decreased by 6.90% and 9.12%. After salt stress, salt-tolerant varieties maintained higher leaf area indices, SPAD values, and photosynthetic potential, with less reduction in photosynthetic performance, which helped sustain the accumulation of photosynthetic products. Overall, salt stress significantly decreased dry matter accumulation and distribution to reproductive organs after anthesis, reducing the harvest index and ultimately resulting in lower yields.

Key words: maize (Zea mays L.), salt stress, leaf photosynthetic performance, dry matter accumulation

图1

盐胁迫对不同耐盐型夏玉米品种叶面积指数的影响 不同小写字母表示不同品种间差异显著(P < 0.05)。DH605: 登海605; WS69: 万盛69; CK: 不施盐处理; MS: 1.5‰盐分胁迫; HS: 3.0‰盐分胁迫。V6: 拔节期, V12: 大喇叭口期, VT: 开花期, R3: 乳熟期, R5: 蜡熟期。"

图2

盐胁迫对不同耐盐型夏玉米品种SPAD值的影响 不同小写字母表示不同品种间差异显著(P < 0.05)。缩写及处理同图1。"

表1

盐胁迫对不同耐盐型夏玉米品种光合势的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 光合势LAD (m2 d m−2)
花前 Pre-VT 花后Post-VT 总光合势
VE-V12 V12-VT 总计Total VT-R3 R3-R6 总计Total Total photosynthetic potential
2022 登海605 DH605 CK 84.58±2.58 a 65.94±2.08 a 150.51±4.31 a 124.06±3.18 a 70.94±1.13 a 195.00±4.00 a 345.51±6.54 a
MS 79.04±1.85 b 61.70±0.75 b 140.74±2.45 b 111.83±1.84 b 61.38±1.90 b 173.21±3.63 b 313.95±6.06 b
HS 54.80±2.63 c 45.93±0.55 c 100.73±2.77 c 96.40±1.87 c 58.34±1.33 c 154.75±2.81 c 255.48±4.49 c
万盛69 WS69 CK 89.37±1.05 a 71.18±0.80 a 160.55±1.24 a 135.81±0.39 a 77.52±1.33 a 213.32±0.99 a 373.88±1.65 a
MS 87.73±0.43 b 69.55±0.45 b 157.28±0.75 b 130.81±1.69 b 73.82±1.19 b 204.63±2.88 b 361.91±3.33 b
HS 84.78±0.44 c 67.65±0.15 c 152.43±0.34 c 126.92±0.86 c 71.07±0.77 c 197.98±1.55 c 350.42±1.23 c
2023 登海605 DH605 CK 87.81±2.03 a 67.34±1.18 a 155.15±3.19 a 124.59±1.51 a 70.92±1.31 a 195.50±2.69 a 350.65±4.41 a
MS 55.20±2.96 b 52.58±1.04 b 107.77±3.93 b 109.67±1.45 b 61.14±1.08 b 170.82±2.48 b 278.59±5.87 b
HS 41.17±1.36 c 44.8±1.13 c 85.97±2.29 c 101.61±1.05 c 57.79±0.60 c 159.39±0.72 c 245.37±2.35 c
万盛69 WS69 CK 92.69±1.98 a 70.84±1.38 a 163.53±3.31 a 130.48±1.36 a 74.13±0.78 a 204.61±1.76 a 368.14±4.95 a
MS 78.59±0.56 b 64.45±0.21 b 143.04±0.38 b 123.49±1.28 b 69.29±1.49 b 192.78±2.68 b 335.82±2.53 b
HS 71.71±1.86 c 56.27±1.23 c 127.98±3.09 c 111.08±2.50 c 66.27±1.84 c 177.34±4.31 c 305.33±7.29 c
ANOVA 年份 Y ** ** ** ** ** ** **
品种 V ** ** ** ** ** ** **
处理 T ** ** ** ** ** ** **
年份×品种 Y×V ** ** NS ** ** ** **
年份×处理 Y×T ** ** ** NS NS NS **
品种×处理 V×T ** ** ** ** ** ** **
年份×品种×处理 Y×V×T ** ** ** ** NS ** **

图3

盐胁迫对不同耐盐型夏玉米品种穗位叶气体交换参数的影响 不同小写字母表示不同品种间差异显著(P < 0.05)。缩写及处理同图1。"

表2

盐胁迫对不同耐盐型夏玉米品种开花期前后生物量积累及其所占比例的影响"

年份Year 品种Variety 处理
Treatment		 生物量Biomass (g plant-1) 所占比例 Proportion (%)
花前Pre-VT 花后Post-VT 花前Pre-VT 花后Post-VT
2022 登海605 DH605 CK 132.68±9.77 a 178.13±9.94 a 42.69 57.31
MS 115.36±7.11 b 137.87±10.38 b 45.56 54.44
HS 97.43±2.09 c 122.00±6.04 b 44.40 55.60
万盛69 WS69 CK 143.57±4.10 a 222.24±8.01 a 39.25 60.75
MS 132.35±4.72 b 219.33±11.80 ab 37.63 62.37
HS 124.03±2.86 c 205.77±6.40 b 37.61 62.39
2023 登海605 DH605 CK 149.70±11.17 a 209.16±12.35 a 41.72 58.28
MS 110.01±5.62 b 140.25±6.36 b 43.96 56.04
HS 99.20±3.12 c 127.21±9.85 b 43.81 56.19
万盛69 WS69 CK 147.32±9.88 a 208.75±6.58 a 41.37 58.63
MS 121.35±7.81 b 206.63±7.67 ab 35.10 64.90
HS 106.47±6.99 c 181.81±9.12 b 36.93 63.07

表3

盐胁迫对不同耐盐型夏玉米品种群体干物质积累参数的影响"

年份Year 品种Variety 处理
Treatment		 生长曲线方程
Growth curve
parametric equation		 相关系数Correlation coefficient Tmax
(d)		 Wmax
(t hm-2)		 Rmax
(t hm-2 d-1)
2022 登海605 DH605 CK Y=21.54/(1+82.84e-0.07x) 0.999 63.83 10.77 0.37
MS Y=17.48/(1+61.85e-0.06x) 0.993 64.35 8.74 0.28
HS Y=14.75/(1+156.94e-0.08x) 0.999 64.99 7.38 0.29
万盛69 WS69 CK Y=26.66/(1+46.88e-0.06x) 0.995 69.70 13.33 0.37
MS Y=25.45/(1+66.67e-0.06x) 0.998 70.82 12.73 0.38
HS Y=23.30/(1+77.42e-0.06x) 0.997 70.95 11.65 0.36
2023 登海605 DH605 CK Y=25.03/(1+57.88e-0.06x) 0.996 63.91 12.52 0.40
MS Y=16.88/(1+151.00e-0.08x) 0.998 64.00 8.44 0.33
HS Y=15.39/(1+154.04e-0.08x) 0.099 64.09 7.70 0.30
万盛69 WS69 CK Y=24.40/(1+131.69e-0.08x) 0.999 63.55 12.20 0.47
MS Y=23.74/(1+193.53e-0.08x) 0.999 64.93 11.87 0.48
HS Y=19.80/(1+200.10e-0.08x) 0.999 65.10 9.90 0.40

图4

盐胁迫对不同耐盐型夏玉米品种干物质分配的影响 不同小写字母表示不同品种间差异显著(P < 0.05)。缩写及处理同图1和表1。Ear: 雌; Tassel: 雄; Bract: 苞; Leaf: 叶; Stem: 茎。"

表4

盐胁迫对夏玉米产量构成因素、产量及收获指数的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 单位面积穗数
Ears number
(×104 ear hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grains per ear		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(t hm-2)		 收获指数Harvest index (%)
2022 登海605 DH605 CK 6.75±0.01 a 592.20±12.63 a 405.995±3.356 a 13.79±0.13 a 50.31±1.65 a
MS 6.75±0.02 a 501.12±18.26 b 396.981±1.485 b 11.41±0.05 b 45.76±1.72 b
HS 6.75±0.02 a 424.06±35.07 c 396.355±3.096 b 9.45±0.08 c 44.49±0.50 b
万盛69 WS69 CK 6.75±0.01 a 590.37±14.79 a 344.047±2.888 b 11.89±0.08 a 48.75±0.77 a
MS 6.75±0.01 a 557.19±16.63 b 349.292±2.557 b 11.17±0.09 b 47.89±0.79 a
HS 6.75±0.02 a 510.18±18.79 c 358.613±3.744 a 10.92±0.07 c 46.18±1.76 a
2023 登海605 DH605 CK 6.75±0.02 a 617.50±10.31 a 332.231±4.274 a 13.69±0.26 a 49.68±1.97 a
MS 6.75±0.02 a 533.51±24.53 b 327.062±5.851 ab 11.64±0.63 b 44.97±1.55 ab
HS 6.75±0.02 a 490.12±10.73 c 326.899±0.499 b 10.49±0.23 c 43.02±4.75 b
2023 万盛69 WS69 CK 6.75±0.01 a 617.33±21.34 a 301.421±5.953 a 12.41±0.43 a 48.31±1.72 a
MS 6.75±0.01 a 562.96±8.24 ab 304.589±5.208 a 11.45±0.69 ab 46.34±1.77 a
HS 6.75±0.02 a 544.49±6.47 b 307.161±2.174 a 11.16±0.15 b 45.61±1.68 a
方差分析
ANOVA		 年份 Y NS ** ** * NS
品种 V NS ** ** ** NS
处理 T NS ** * ** **
年份×品种 Y×V NS NS ** NS NS
年份×处理 Y×T NS NS ** NS NS
品种×处理 V×T NS * ** ** NS
年份×品种×处理 Y×V×T NS NS ** ** NS
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