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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 273-284.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43010

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

玉米大豆间作对喀斯特区土壤理化性质及微生物碳代谢特征的影响

钱玉平1(), 宿兵兵2, 高吉星1, 阮粉花1, 李亚伟3,*(), 茅林春1,4   

  1. 1滇西应用技术大学普洱茶学院, 云南普洱 665000
    2兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
    3甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃兰州 730070
    4浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院, 浙江杭州 310000
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-12 接受日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-01-12 网络出版日期:2024-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 李亚伟
  • 作者简介:E-mail: qyp2810@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    滇西应用技术大学普洱茶学院项目(2023YJXM04);云南省地方高校联合面上项目(202301BA070001-066)

Effects of maize and soybean intercropping on soil physicochemical properties and microbial carbon metabolism in karst region

QIAN Yu-Ping1(), SU Bing-Bing2, GAO Ji-Xing1, RUAN Fen-Hua1, LI Ya-Wei3,*(), MAO Lin-Chun1,4   

  1. 1Pu’er Tea College, West Yunnan University of Applied Technology, Pu’er 665000, Yunnan, China
    2School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    3Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    4College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2024-03-12 Accepted:2024-09-18 Published:2025-01-12 Published online:2024-10-10
  • Contact: LI Ya-Wei
  • Supported by:
    Pu’er Tea College, Western Yunnan University of Applied Technology(2023YJXM04);Joint Project of Local Universities in Yunnan Province(202301BA070001-066)

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摘要：

为探明喀斯特区玉米大豆带状复合种植对土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构多样性的影响, 本研究设置玉米大豆间作(MSI)、玉米单作(MM)和大豆单作(SM) 3种模式, 采用Biolog-ECO微孔培养法, 旨在揭示玉米大豆种植模式对土壤微生物碳源代谢活性、多样性以及土壤性质的影响及其机制。结果表明, 与MM及SM相比, MSI土壤微生物群落丰富度指数(McIntosh index)分别显著提高了11.90%和58.40%, 平均颜色变化率(average well color development, AWCD)分别显著增加了24.50%和80.10%, 羧酸类、氨基酸类和酚酸类碳源的平均相对吸光度分别显著提高了34.50%、63.70%和61.80%; 碳源代谢指纹图谱表明, MSI模式中土壤微生物通过提高衣康酸的代谢活性进而增加了对羧酸类碳源的利用, 通过提高L-苯丙氨酸、L-苏氨酸和甘氨酰-L-谷氨酸的代谢活性从而增加了氨基酸类碳源利用, 通过提高吐温40、吐温80和肝糖的代谢活性从而增加了对多聚类碳源的利用; 同时, MSI处理土壤SOC分别较MM和SM显著提高8.50%和72.84%, NH4+-N和TN含量分别较SM处理显著增加46.70%和33.30%; 主成分分析表明, 提取的2个主成分解释了碳源利用总变异的79.69%, 种植模式对碳源代谢的综合利用能力表现为MSI>MM>SM, 其中MSI土壤微生物群落对羧酸类、氨基酸类和多聚类代谢利用能力最强; 冗余分析则表明, 显著影响碳源代谢利用的2个环境因子分别是TN (53.50%)和SOC (30.90%), 其中TN促进了羧酸类和氨基酸类碳源的代谢利用, SOC加强了胺类和酚酸类碳源的利用。综上可见, 玉米大豆间作模式土壤微生物碳代谢的偏好性主要由微生物群落结构多样性引起, 同时又受土壤全氮和有机质含量的调控, 表明微生物群落结构与土壤理化因子间的互作可能是大豆玉米复合种植增产增效的一个关键因素。

关键词: 玉米, 大豆, 土壤微生物, 碳源代谢活性, 土壤理化性质, Biolog-ECO

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of corn and soybean belt intercropping on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure diversity in a karst area. Three planting models were established: corn and soybean intercropping (MSI), corn monocropping (MM), and soybean monocropping (SM). The Biolog-ECO microplate method was used to explore the impacts of these different planting patterns on the metabolic activity, diversity, and soil properties of soil microbial carbon sources, as well as their underlying mechanisms. The results showed that compared to MM and SM, the MSI model significantly increased the soil microbial community richness index (McIntosh index) by 11.90% (P < 0.05) and 58.40% (P < 0.01), respectively, and the AWCD value by 24.50% and 80.10%, respectively. The relative absorbance of carboxylic acids, amino acids, and phenolic acids increased significantly by 34.50%, 63.70%, and 61.80% on average, respectively. The carbon source metabolic fingerprint revealed that the MSI model enhanced the utilization of p-carboxylic acid carbon sources by increasing the metabolic activity of itaconic acid, and improved the utilization of amino acid carbon sources by boosting the metabolic activity of L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, and glycyl-glutamic acid. Additionally, the MSI model increased the utilization of polymer carbon sources via enhanced metabolic activity of Tween 40, Tween 80, and liver sugar. Furthermore, soil SOC under MSI treatment was significantly higher by 8.50% and 72.84% compared to MM and SM, respectively, while NH4+-N and TN contents were significantly increased by 46.70% and 33.30% compared to SM treatment, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed that the two extracted components explained 79.69% of the total variation in carbon source utilization. The overall carbon source metabolic capacity followed the order MSI > MM > SM, with the MSI soil microbial community demonstrating the strongest metabolic utilization of carboxylic acids, amino acids, and polymers. Redundancy analysis indicated that TN (53.50%) and SOC (30.90%) were the two most significant environmental factors influencing carbon source metabolic utilization. TN promoted the metabolic utilization of carboxylic acid and amino acid carbon sources, while SOC enhanced the utilization of amine and phenolic acid carbon sources. The preferential carbon metabolism observed in maize and soybean intercropping was primarily driven by the diversity of microbial community structure, and was further regulated by soil total nitrogen and organic matter content. These findings suggest that the interaction between microbial community structure and soil physicochemical properties may play a key role in the yield improvement and efficiency of soybean and corn intercropping systems.

Key words: maize, soybean, soil microorganism, metabolic activity of carbon source, physical and chemical properties of soil, Biolog-ECO

图1

作物生育期内试验地的降雨量和日平均温度"

图2

田间种植模式示意图 MM: 玉米单作; MSI: 玉米大豆间作; SM: 大豆单作。"

表1

种植模式对土壤理化因子的影响"

种植模式
Cropping pattern		 土壤含水量
SWC (%)		 pH 土壤温度
ST (℃)		 有机质含量
SOC (g kg-1)		 NO3--N
(mg kg-1)		 NH4+-N
(mg kg-1)		 全氮含量
TN (g kg-1)
MSI 25.64±0.01 b 5.83±0.05 b 24.25±0.31 b 33.15±3.23 a 12.82±1.78 b 38.63±4.08 a 0.88±0.04 a
MM 29.32±0.06 a 5.92±0.09 ab 25.13±0.63 b 30.56±2.56 b 4.98±2.72 c 34.40±8.36 ab 0.80±0.05 a
SM 27.06±0.03 ab 6.13±0.16 ab 26.42±0.85 a 19.18±3.28 c 21.23±1.27 a 26.34±4.27 b 0.66±0.04 b

图3

土壤微生物群落培养168 h后吸光值平均颜色变化率 AWCD value: 平均颜色变化率值。不同小写字母表示利用Duncan进行多重比较时, 不同种植模式的相应指标平均值间存在显著性差异(P < 0.05)。处理同图2。"

图4

不同种植模式下土壤微生物群落对6类碳源代谢利用相对吸光度值的影响 CH: 碳水化合物类; CA: 羧酸; AA: 氨基酸; PM: 多聚类; AM: 胺类; PA: 酚酸。处理同图2。"

表2

不同种植模式下土壤微生物群落6类碳源代谢利用的相对比例"

种植模式
Cropping pattern		 碳水化合物类Carbohydrates 羧酸类
CA		 氨基酸类
AA		 多聚类
PM		 胺类
AM		 酚酸类
PA
MSI 27.98±2.20 b 21.19±0.69 a 25.71±0.61 a 16.98±0.28 a 5.07±1.88 a 3.07±0.77 b
MM 39.02±2.35 a 20.91±1.77 a 22.77±2.03 a 12.72±2.20 b 2.96±1.99 a 1.62±0.43 c
SM 29.65±1.54 b 22.37±3.43 a 19.71±3.58 a 16.49±1.04 a 6.80±2.19 a 4.98±0.50 a

表3

不同种植模式下土壤微生物群落对6类碳源代谢利用的主成分分析"

主成分数
Principal component number		 特征值
Eigenvalue		 方差贡献率
Percentage of variance (%)		 累计贡献率
Cumulative (%)
1 3.64 60.75 60.75
2 1.14 18.95 79.69
3 0.84 14.06 93.75
4 0.28 4.74 98.49
5 0.08 1.30 99.78
6 0.01 0.22 100.00

图5

种植模式对6类碳源利用特征的主成分分析 PC1: 主成分1; PC2: 主成分2。缩写同图4。"

表4

种植模式对碳源利用特征的主成分得分系数与综合得分"

处理
Treatment		 PC1 PC2 综合得分
Synthesis score		 排名
Ranking
MSI 2.27 0.42 1.46 1
MM -0.26 -1.13 -0.37 2
SM -2.01 0.71 -1.09 3

图6

不同种植模式下土壤微生物群落对31种单一碳源代谢特征指纹图谱 A3: D-半乳糖酸γ-内酯; A2: β-甲基-D-葡萄糖苷; G1: D-纤维二糖; H1: α-D-乳糖; C2: i-赤藓糖醇; G2: α-D-葡萄糖-1-磷酸; B2: D-木糖; D2: D-甘露醇; E2: N-乙酰-D-葡萄糖胺; H2: D,L-α-磷酸甘油; B3: D-半乳糖醛酸; F2: D-葡萄糖胺酸; B4: L-天门冬酰胺; C4: L-苯基丙氨酸; A4: L-精氨酸; D4: L-丝氨酸; E4: L-苏氨酸; F4: 甘氨酸-L-谷氨酸; E3: γ-羟丁酸; F3: 衣康酸; G3: α-丁酮酸; H3: D-苹果酸; B1: 丙酮酸甲酯; E1: α-环式糊精; F1: 肝糖; C1: 吐温40; D1: 吐温80; C3: 2-羟基苯甲酸; D3: 4-羟基苯甲酸; G4: 苯乙胺; H4: 腐胺。不同小写字母表示利用Duncan法进行多重比较时, 相应指标平均值间的显著性差异(P < 0.05)。处理同图2。"

表5

种植模式对土壤微生物群落结构多样性指数的影响"

处理
Treatment		 香农指数
Shannon index		 辛普森指数
Simpson index		 均匀度指数
Evenness index		 丰富度指数
McIntosh index
MSI 3.29±0.073 a 0.96±0.002 a 0.97±0.009 a 5.56±0.096 a
MM 3.12±0.206 a 0.95±0.003 b 0.94±0.046 a 4.97±0.118 b
SM 3.06±0.127 a 0.95±0.004 b 0.95±0.036 a 3.51±0.128 c

图7

土壤理化因子与土壤微生物碳源利用特征及多样性间的相关分析 H: 香农指数; D: 辛普森指数; E: 均匀度指数; U: 丰富度指数。*表示P < 0.05, **表示P < 0.01。缩写同表1和图6。"

图8

土壤理化性质与土壤微生物群落对6类碳源利用特征的冗余分析 红色箭头表示环境因子, 蓝色箭头表示6类碳源。RDA1和RDA2分别表示冗余分析的第1轴和第2轴。每个点代表一个样品, 不同颜色的点属于不同种植模式。处理同图2。缩写同表1和图4。"

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