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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (8): 2053-2066.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.33071

所属专题： 玉米：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同品种玉米根-冠生长对土壤紧实胁迫的差异性响应特征

梁璐1(), 周宝元1,*(), 高卓晗2, 王瑞3, 王新兵1, 赵明1, 李从锋1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京 100081
    2内蒙古农业大学农学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010019
    3河北科技师范学院农学与生物科技学院 / 河北省作物逆境生物学重点实验室, 河北秦皇岛 066004
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-01 接受日期:2024-04-01 出版日期:2024-08-12 网络出版日期:2024-04-17
  • 通讯作者: * 周宝元, E-mail: zhoubaoyuan@caas.cn;李从锋, E-mail: licongfeng@caas.cn.
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 82101212196@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31971851);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300803);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-14)

Root and shoot growth of different maize varieties in response to soil compaction stress

LIANG Lu1(), ZHOU Bao-Yuan1,*(), GAO Zhuo-Han2, WANG Rui3, WANG Xin-Bing1, ZHAO Ming1, LI Cong-Feng1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
    3College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology / Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
  • Received:2023-12-01 Accepted:2024-04-01 Published:2024-08-12 Published online:2024-04-17
  • Contact: * E-mail: zhoubaoyuan@caas.cn;E-mail: licongfeng@caas.cn.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971851);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300803);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02-14)

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摘要：

黄淮海地区农业集约化和机械化发展导致土壤紧实问题日益加重, 限制玉米产量的进一步提升。明确不同品种玉米根系和地上部生长对土壤紧实胁迫的差异性响应特征, 可为该区玉米高产栽培提供理论依据。本研究选用3个玉米品种, 采用机械碾压的方法在同一田块模拟无紧实胁迫(NC: no compaction stress, 容重1.0~1.3 g cm-3)、中度紧实胁迫(MC: moderate compaction stress, 容重1.4~1.5 g cm-3)和重度紧实胁迫(HC: heavy compaction stress, 容重>1.6 g cm-3) 3个紧实程度处理, 定量解析不同程度土壤紧实胁迫下不同品种玉米根冠生长各指标及产量的变化规律。结果表明, 与NC相比, MC和HC处理导致玉米减产3.8%~10.3%和12.5%~33.3%。玉米根冠生长及产量形成对土壤紧实胁迫的响应存在基因型差异。MC处理下, DK517的根长、根干重及根冠比较ZD958和DH605分别提高6.0%和14.0%、15.7%和29.6%、18.8%和24.8%, 但最大叶面积指数、植株总干物重和产量无显著差异; HC处理下, DK517的根长和根干重较ZD958和DH605分别提高8.4%和22.5%、29.6%和57.8%, 且最大叶面积指数、植株总干物重和根冠比分别提高4.6%和15.5%、3.7%和20.9%、28.0%和32.1%, 因此产量分别增加7.5%和27.2%。相关分析表明, 土壤容重和贯穿阻力与玉米根冠生长各指标和产量呈显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。综上所述, 土壤紧实胁迫会显著抑制玉米根系和地上部生长而造成减产, 但不同品种玉米根冠生长对不同程度土壤紧实胁迫的响应存在着差异, 重度土壤紧实胁迫下根冠生长均具有优势的品种能够维持较高的产量, 研究结果可为玉米品种改良和土壤紧实下耕作措施优化提供理论依据。

关键词: 玉米, 根-冠生长, 土壤紧实胁迫, 响应特征

Abstract:

Soil compaction has become a limiting factor for further increasing maize yield as the development of intensification and mechanization in agriculture in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. Understanding the characteristics of root and shoot growth of different maize varieties under soil compaction stress is benefit for maize high-yield cultivation. To analyse the root and shoot growth and yield of different maize varieties under different levels of soil compaction stress, in this study, three maize varieties were selected, and three soil compaction levels [no compaction stress (NC: no compaction stress, bulk density 1.0-1.3 g cm-3), moderate compaction stress (MC: moderate compaction stress, bulk density 1.4-1.5 g cm-3), and heavy compaction stress (HC: heavy compaction stress, bulk density > 1.6 g cm-3)] were simulated by mechanical rolling in the same field. The results showed that compared with NC, maize yield under MC and HC treatments decreased by 3.8%-10.3% and 12.5%-33.3%, respectively. There were differences in maize root and shoot growth and yield formation under soil compaction stress among three varieties. Under MC treatment, root length, root dry matter, and root-shoot ratio of DK517 increased by 6.0% and 14.0%, 15.7% and 29.6%, 18.8% and 24.8%, respectively, compared to ZD958 and DH605. However, there was no significant difference in the maximum leaf area index, total dry matter, and yield. Under HC treatment, root length and root dry matter of DK517 increased by 8.4% and 22.5%, 29.6% and 57.8%, respectively, compared to ZD958 and DH605, and the maximum leaf area index, total dry matter, and root-shoot ratio increased by 4.6% and 15.5%, 3.7% and 20.9%, 28.0% and 32.1%, respectively, resulting in an increase in yield of 7.5% and 27.2%, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that soil bulk density and penetration resistance were negatively correlated with maize root and shoot growth and yield (P < 0.01). In summary, soil compaction stress could significantly inhibit the growth of maize roots and shoot, resulting in the reduced yields. However, there were differences in maize root and shoot growth under soil compaction stress among different varieties, and the variety with advantages in both root and shoot growth and coordination could maintain higher yields under heavy soil compaction stress. The results provide the theoretical basis for maize breeding improvement and cultivation measures optimization with root architecture as the goal.

Key words: maize, root and shoot growth, soil compaction stress, response

图1

2022年和2023年玉米生长季的日降水量、平均温度和辐射状况"

图2

不同紧实胁迫处理下土壤容重和贯穿阻力 NC: 无紧实胁迫; MC: 中度紧实胁迫; HC: 重度紧实胁迫。"

图3

土壤紧实胁迫下不同玉米品种根系形态指标 NC: 无紧实胁迫; MC: 中度紧实胁迫; HC: 重度紧实胁迫。DK517: 迪卡517; ZD958: 郑单958; DH605: 登海605。不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

表1

土壤紧实胁迫下不同玉米品种株高和穗位高"

年份
Year		 紧实胁迫处理
Compaction treatment		 品种
Variety		 株高Plant height (cm) 穗位高
Ear height
(cm)
拔节期
Jointing stage		 大喇叭口期
Male tetrad stage		 开花期
Tasseling stage
2022 无紧实胁迫NC DK517 64.67±0.58 d 155.00±8.00 fg 201.33±1.53 e 64.00±2.65 ij
ZD958 74.00±1.00 bc 181.33±6.66 bc 206.33±6.81 e 83.00±5.57 g
DH605 73.67±7.51 bc 165.00±6.00 def 204.00±4.58 e 75.33±0.58 gh
中度紧实胁迫MC DK517 33.33±3.21 ef 94.00±2.00 i 197.00±3.61 e 60.00±0.00 ij
ZD958 37.00±1.73 e 104.00±12.17 h 201.33±1.53 e 67.33±3.06 hi
DH605 33.00±3.00 ef 93.67±1.53 i 183.33±1.53 f 48.33±0.58 k
重度紧实胁迫HC DK517 30.67±8.39 ef 93.67±1.53 i 187.67±4.04 f 58.67±3.79 ij
ZD958 29.67±2.31 ef 89.00±2.65 i 187.33±3.06 f 55.67±1.15 jk
DH605 25.33±2.08 f 77.67±10.97 j 179.00±1.00 f 47.33±3.06 k
2023 无紧实胁迫NC DK517 75.00±0.00 bc 187.00±2.65 ab 255.00±7.00 b 113.33±5.13 bc
ZD958 82.83±7.52 a 196.33±1.53 a 269.33±10.12 a 132.00±7.55 a
DH605 79.33±3.21 ab 187.33±1.53 ab 255.33±6.66 b 117.33±3.79 b
中度紧实胁迫MC DK517 73.33±4.16 bc 175.00±6.56 cd 240.67±6.81 c 104.33±9.24 de
ZD958 78.33±0.58 ab 178.00±7.00 bc 254.00±2.65 b 108.33±6.66 cd
DH605 73.00±7.55 bc 161.00±4.00 ef 237.33±0.58 c 91.67±8.02 f
重度紧实胁迫HC DK517 72.00±1.73 bcd 165.67±3.06 de 235.67±2.89 c 100.33±5.51 de
ZD958 71.00±1.00 bcd 157.33±3.79 efg 231.67±6.35 c 99.00±4.00 ef
DH605 67.33±6.03 cd 148.67±4.73 g 218.33±11.58 d 83.33±4.04 g
变异来源Source of variation
年份Year (Y) ** ** ** **
紧实胁迫Compaction (C) ** ** ** **
品种Variety (V) * ** ** **
年份×紧实胁迫Y×C ** ** ** NS
年份×品种Y×V NS * NS NS
紧实胁迫×品种C×V * ** ** **
年份×紧实胁迫×品种Y×C×V NS NS NS NS

图4

土壤紧实胁迫下不同玉米品种叶面积指数 处理和品种同图3。*和**分别表示处理间在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著。"

表2

土壤紧实胁迫下不同玉米品种植株干物质积累"

年份
Year		 紧实胁迫处理
Compaction treatment		 品种
Variety		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 大喇叭口期
Male tetrad stage		 开花期
Tasseling stage		 灌浆期
Grain-filling stage		 成熟期
Mature stage
2022 无紧实胁迫NC DK517 5.76±0.06 gh 45.33±1.05 g 105.93±4.90 e 185.02±2.51 g 273.70±9.41 c
ZD958 6.42±0.15 de 59.16±1.15 d 122.03±5.50 bcd 219.14±5.80 de 282.65±9.78 bc
DH605 6.04±0.05 fg 46.30±1.12 g 114.62±9.20 de 210.02±3.52 ef 293.26±7.55 b
中度紧实胁迫MC DK517 5.24±0.11 i 32.16±1.92 j 83.53±2.51 fg 151.58±8.57 h 197.39±14.63 f
ZD958 5.54±0.05 h 32.34±0.74 j 85.93±1.21 f 159.35±6.10 h 202.70±13.42 ef
DH605 4.88±0.03 j 28.16±0.16 k 80.05±3.72 g 136.36±6.19 i 175.08±2.23 g
重度紧实胁迫HC DK517 4.82±0.04 j 25.08±0.48 l 70.35±4.69 h 125.98±7.88 j 179.63±3.60 g
ZD958 4.14±0.06 k 25.03±0.63 l 68.99±8.72 h 113.91±4.87 k 168.31±11.80 h
DH605 3.59±0.04 l 21.15±0.25 m 59.28±0.94 i 99.58±3.22 l 150.43±9.00 i
2023 无紧实胁迫NC DK517 6.99±0.28 cd 65.19±1.34 c 134.76±6.35 ab 245.14±5.07 b 291.06±4.82 b
ZD958 8.25±0.23 a 83.03±1.93 a 139.23±11.07 a 273.83±13.36 a 307.92±14.16 a
DH605 7.85±0.35 ab 75.18±1.83 b 135.02±14.11 ab 273.29±10.58 a 286.86±7.78 bc
中度紧实胁迫MC DK517 6.88±0.97 d 56.26±1.14 e 129.67±1.49 abc 226.33±5.87 cd 276.36±14.50 bc
ZD958 7.51±0.39 bc 60.80±0.28 d 131.93±3.36 ab 231.74±5.13 c 288.96±5.74 bc
DH605 6.82±0.62 d 55.70±1.92 e 118.58±6.29 cde 207.93±6.99 ef 260.76±6.70 d
重度紧实胁迫HC DK517 6.21±0.12 ef 52.23±1.78 f 115.03±11.79 de 224.15±2.47 cd 273.65±14.70 c
ZD958 5.92±0.72 fg 40.09±1.82 h 105.76±10.10 e 222.05±3.58 cd 250.31±14.32 d
DH605 5.75±0.19 gh 35.15±1.85 i 85.07±6.29 f 203.61±7.16 f 227.61±11.86 e
变异来源Source of variation
年份Year (Y) ** ** ** ** **
紧实胁迫Compaction (C) ** ** ** ** **
品种Variety (V) ** ** ** * **
年份×紧实胁迫Y×C NS ** ** ** **
年份×品种Y×V NS NS NS NS NS
紧实胁迫×品种C×V ** ** ** ** **
年份×紧实胁迫×品种Y×C×V NS ** NS NS NS

图5

土壤紧实胁迫下不同玉米品种根冠比 处理和品种同图3。不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

表3

土壤紧实胁迫下不同玉米品种产量及产量构成"

年份
Year		 紧实胁迫处理
Compaction treatment		 品种
Variety		 穗粒数
Kernel number per ear		 百粒重
100-kernel weight (g)		 产量
Grain yield (kg hm-2)
2022 无紧实胁迫NC DK517 408.24±18.51 e 34.32±0.15 b 8458.37±393.64 ef
ZD958 400.42±8.76 e 34.81±0.13 a 8609.04±373.23 ef
DH605 400.91±15.90 e 34.59±0.19 ab 8803.56±182.68 e
中度紧实胁迫MC DK517 378.33±8.86 f 33.56±0.11 cd 8277.62±234.98 fg
ZD958 376.90±4.29 f 33.80±0.16 c 8371.95±117.45 f
DH605 409.40±4.16 e 30.66±0.17 f 7773.35±63.56 hi
重度紧实胁迫HC DK517 351.67±3.13 g 32.47±0.21 e 7496.81±73.70 i
ZD958 331.47±2.29 h 32.43±0.61 e 6844.16±154.91 j
DH605 339.86±5.69 gh 27.94±0.19 i 5820.43±138.80 k
2023 无紧实胁迫NC DK517 543.16±4.62 b 33.25±0.14 d 11,559.28±162.36 a
ZD958 539.28±12.66 b 33.61±0.10 cd 11,625.43±331.27 a
DH605 589.04±8.45 a 34.33±0.14 b 11,824.37±218.24 a
2023 中度紧实胁迫MC DK517 522.25±4.15 c 29.78±0.16 g 10,934.52±154.29 b
ZD958 546.50±10.51 b 32.15±0.17 e 10,976.43±219.32 b
DH605 520.43±6.77 c 32.13±0.21 e 10,771.29±194.19 b
重度紧实胁迫HC DK517 538.14±1.14 b 28.61±0.12 h 9980.36±25.93 c
ZD958 500.64±1.97 d 28.03±0.16 i 9463.59±123.11 d
DH605 501.94±2.54 d 25.17±0.18 j 7950.09±27.01 gh
变异来源Source of variation
年份Year (Y) ** ** **
紧实胁迫Compaction (C) ** ** **
品种Variety (V) ** ** **
年份×紧实胁迫Y×C ** ** **
年份×品种Y×V NS ** NS
紧实胁迫×品种C×V ** ** **
年份×紧实胁迫×品种Y×C×V ** ** NS

表4

土壤物理性质与玉米根系形态、地上部性状、产量及产量构成的相关性"

BD PR RL RSA RV RDM PH EH LAI SDM R/S KN HKW Y
容重Bulk density (BD) 1
贯穿阻力Penetration resistance (PR) 0.89** 1
根长Root length (RL) -0.55** -0.53** 1
根表面积Root surface area (RSA) -0.53** -0.50** 0.99** 1
根体积Root volume (RV) -0.57** -0.54** 0.99** 0.98** 1
根干重Root dry weight (RDW) -0.61** -0.63** 0.94** 0.94** 0.94** 1
株高Plant height (PH) -0.50** -0.48** 0.96** 0.96** 0.94** 0.90** 1
穗位高Ear height (EH) -0.53** -0.47** 0.93** 0.93** 0.91** 0.87** 0.95** 1
叶面积指数Leaf area index (LAI) -0.58** -0.57** 0.93** 0.93** 0.92** 0.91** 0.96** 0.96** 1
地上部干重Shoot dry matter (SDM) -0.58** -0.56** 0.74** 0.75** 0.71** 0.83** 0.79** 0.83** 0.85** 1
根冠比Root/shoot ratio (R/S) -0.38** -0.41** 0.70** 0.71** 0.70** 0.83** 0.64** 0.60** 0.63** 0.59** 1
穗粒数Kernel number per ear (KN) -0.39** -0.36** 0.91** 0.93** 0.90** 0.84** 0.92** 0.90** 0.91** 0.73** 0.59** 1
百粒重100-kernel weight (HKW) -0.61** -0.69** 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.28* 0.05 0.06 0.15 0.30* 0.24 -0.14 1
产量Yield (Y) -0.58** -0.61** 0.94** 0.94** 0.94** 0.96** 0.94** 0.91** 0.94** 0.82** 0.71** 0.90** 0.25 1
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