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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 1277-1285.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43043

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

耕层构造后东北旱作农田土壤有机碳组分积累及其稳定性特征

邹逸淼1(), 于湘萍1, 苗玉聪1, 蔡倩2, 杜桂娟2, 赵凤艳2, 张诗雨2, 李双异1, 白伟2,*()   

  1. 1沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院, 辽宁沈阳 110866
    2辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 / 农业农村部东北节水农业重点实验室, 辽宁沈阳 110161
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-13 接受日期:2025-01-23 出版日期:2025-05-12 网络出版日期:2025-02-11
  • 通讯作者: *白伟, E-mail: libai200008@126.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 424475165@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32272232);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28090202);辽宁省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关专项计划课题(2021JH1/1040003902);辽宁省农业科学院学科建设项目(120520303)

Characteristics of soil organic carbon fraction accumulation and its stability in dry-crop farmland in northeast China after plough layer construction

ZOU Yi-Miao1(), YU Xiang-Ping1, MIAO Yu-Cong1, CAI Qian2, DU Gui-Juan2, ZHAO Feng-Yan2, ZHANG Shi-Yu2, LI Shuang-Yi1, BAI Wei2,*()   

  1. 1College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
    2Institute of Tillage and Cultivation, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2024-09-13 Accepted:2025-01-23 Published:2025-05-12 Published online:2025-02-11
  • Contact: *E-mail: libai200008@126.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272232);Strategic Priority Science and Technology Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28090202);Science and Technology Research Project of Liaoning Province(2021JH1/1040003902);Discipline Construction Project of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences(120520303)

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摘要：

耕层构造是影响土壤有机碳(SOC)积累和玉米生长发育的重要技术措施, 研究耕层构造后SOC组分积累及其稳定性的变化, 对深入解析东北春玉米区农田固碳培肥机制和建立合理耕层结构具有重要意义。本文依托始于2009年的14年田间定位试验, 试验采用随机区组设计, 研究了上虚下实耕层(ULDC, CK)、全虚耕层(AL)、虚实并存耕层(FLRC)和全实耕层(AC) 4个处理对SOC组分积累及其稳定性的影响。结果表明, 耕层构造显著影响0~15 cm和15~35 cm土层SOC含量, 其中AC在0~15 cm土层中促进了SOC积累。耕层构造改变了颗粒态有机碳(POC)和矿质结合态有机碳(MAOC)的含量及其占SOC的比例, 其中AC比ULDC显著提高0~15 cm土层MAOC含量(增幅为34.2%), 但显著降低了15~35 cm土层中MAOC含量(降幅为22.2%), 而POC含量在不同土层中的变化与不同耕层构造方式有关。相关性分析表明, POC/SOC与土壤微生物量碳(MBC)呈极显著正相关(r=0.74**), MAOC/SOC与MBC呈显著负相关(r= -0.69*), 表明耕层构造影响碳组分在碳库中的分配, 调控了SOC稳定性。研究结果进一步验证了合理耕层构造在调控土壤有机碳组分和提高其稳定性方面的重要作用, 为土壤健康管理和耕层结构优化提供了科学依据。综上, AC能够增加土壤有机碳组分积累, 增强了土壤碳库的稳定性, 这在辽西旱作农田合理耕层构建中具有一定的应用价值。

关键词: 耕层构造, 土壤有机碳, 有机碳组分, 稳定性, 旱作

Abstract:

Tillage structure is a critical agricultural practice that influences the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and the growth and development of maize. Investigating changes of post-tillage structure on the accumulation and stability of SOC fractions is essential for understanding mechanism of carbon fixation and fertilization in the spring maize region of Northeast China and for establishing optimal tillage structures. This study is based on a 14-year field experiment initiated in 2009, employing a randomized block design to evaluate the impacts of four tillage treatments: up-loose and down-compaction plough layer (ULDC, CK), all-loose plough layer (AL), furrow-loose and ridge-compaction plough layer (FLRC), and all-compaction plough layer (AC). The treatments were assessed for their effects on the accumulation and stability of SOC fractions. The results demonstrated that tillage layer structure significantly influenced SOC content in the 0-15 cm and 15-35 cm soil layers, with the AC treatment promoting greater SOC accumulation in the 0-15 cm layer. Tillage structure also altered the distribution of particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) and their proportions within SOC. Specifically, the AC treatment significantly increased MAOC content in the 0-15 cm soil layer by 34.2% compared to the ULDC treatment, while decreasing MAOC content in the 15-35 cm soil layer by 22.2%. The variation in POC content across soil layers was closely related to different tillage construction methods. Correlation analysis revealed that the POC/SOC ratio was highly positively correlated with soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (r = 0.74**), while the MAOC/SOC ratio was significantly negatively correlated with MBC (r = -0.69*). These findings suggest that tillage structure influences the distribution of carbon components within the carbon pool, modulated SOC stability. This study highlights the critical role of rational tillage structure in regulating SOC fractions and enhancing their stability, providing a scientific basis for soil health management and tillage structure optimization. In conclusion, the AC treatment demonstrated the potential to promote SOC fraction accumulation and improve soil carbon pool stability, offering practical value for the development of sustainable tillage practices in dryland farming systems in western Liaoning.

Key words: plough layer structure, soil organic carbon, soil organic carbon fraction, stability of soil organic carbon pool, dry farming

图1

试验地点2023年生育期内降雨量和平均温度"

表1

不同耕层构造方式具体操作流程"

耕层构造处理方式
Tillage construction method		 具体操作流程
Specific operation process
上虚下实耕层ULDC 每年春季采用传统旋耕机进行作业, 深度12-15 cm, 播种, 构建为上虚下实耕层结构, 该构造为当地传统耕作模式, 作为本研究对照(CK)。
The operation was performed each spring using a traditional rotary tiller to a depth of 12-15 cm, followed by seed sowing. This created a top-loose and bottom-compacted tillage structure, representing the local traditional tillage practice, which served as the control (CK) in this study.
全虚耕层AL 2009开始每年采用“V”型深松机进行作业, 深度30-35 cm, 再用传统旋耕机旋耕, 播种, 构造为全虚耕层结构。
Since 2009, a “V”-type deep loosening machine has been used annually to loosen the soil to a depth of 30-35 cm, followed by rotary tillage with a conventional rotary tiller and seed sowing. This process creates a fully loose tillage structure.
虚实并存耕层FLRC 每年采用凿式深松机进行作业, 深度25-30 cm, 宽幅50 cm, 再用旋耕机旋耕, 播种, 构造为虚实并存耕层结构。
The annual operation is conducted using a chisel-type deep loosening machine to a depth of 25-30 cm and a width of 50 cm, followed by rotary tillage and seed sowing with a rotary tiller. This process creates a combined imaginary and existing tillage structure.
全实耕层AC 每年采用免耕播种机直接播种, 构造为全实耕层结构。
Annual direct seeding with no-till planter, constructed as a full solid tillage structure.

表2

不同耕层构造对不同土层土壤理化性质的影响"

土层
Soil layer (cm)		 处理
Treatment		 土壤有机碳
SOC (g kg-1)		 全氮
TN (g kg-1)		 容重
BD (g cm-3)		 碳氮比
C/N		 pH
0-15 CK
AL
FLRC
AC		 8.42±0.13 b
7.44±0.08 c
7.08±0.04 d
8.82±0.06 a		 0.91±0.00 a
0.65±0.05 b
0.65±0.04 b
0.85±0.04 a		 1.40±0.01 b
1.41±0.01 b
1.42±0.03 b
1.54±0.05 a		 9.29±0.11 a
11.57±0.79 a
11.02±0.66 ab
10.46±0.42 ab		 6.32±0.03 b
6.27±0.05 b
6.51±0.05 a
6.42±0.02 a
15-35 CK
AL
FLRC
AC		 7.16±0.01 a
6.93±0.17 ab
6.58±0.03 b
5.89±0.17 c		 1.05±0.03 a
0.66±0.01 b
0.54±0.02 c
0.52±0.02 c		 1.60±0.02 a
1.55±0.01 a
1.55±0.03 a
1.54±0.04 a		 6.83±0.19 c
10.58±0.12 b
12.33±0.42 a
11.33±0.14 b		 6.41±0.03 b
6.41±0.05 b
6.57±0.05 a
6.35±0.02 b

图2

不同耕层构造下土壤颗粒态有机碳和矿物结合态有机碳含量及其占有机碳比例 缩写同表1和表2。图中误差线为标准误, 同一土层不同处理无相同字母表示处理之间存在显著差异(P < 0.05); POC代表颗粒有机碳; MAOC代表矿物结合态有机碳。"

图3

不同耕层构造后土壤微生物量碳和可溶性有机碳含量 缩写同表1。图中误差线为标准误, 同一土层不同处理无相同字母表示处理之间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。MBC代表微生物生物量碳; DOC代表可溶性有机碳。"

表3

不同耕层构造后土壤微生物量碳和可溶性有机碳与有机碳组分占比的相关性分析"

土层
Soil layer (cm)		 有机碳组分占比
Ratio of SOC fraction		 SOC MBC DOC
0-15 POC/SOC -0.42 0.74** 0.23
MAOC/SOC 0.20 -0.69* 0.08
15-35 POC/SOC 0.48 -0.03 0.48
MAOC/SOC 0.22 0.33 0.38
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