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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 1261-1276.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41064

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦新品种西农877高产稳产的遗传特性解析

孟祥宇1(), 刁邓超1, 刘雅睿1, 李云丽1, 孙玉晨1, 吴玮1, 赵雯1, 汪妤1, 吴建辉1,3, 李春莲1,3, 曾庆东2,3, 韩德俊1,3, 郑炜君1,3,*()   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学农学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
    2西北农林科技大学植物保护学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
    3作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-01 接受日期:2024-12-20 出版日期:2025-05-12 网络出版日期:2024-12-27
  • 通讯作者: *郑炜君, E-mail: zhengweijun@nwafu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: mengxiangyu@nwafu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省科技厅重点产业创新链项目(2024NC-ZDCYL-01-02);科技创新重大专项基金项目(2023ZD04026)

Genetic analysis of high yield and yield stability characteristics of new wheat variety Xinong 877

MENG Xiang-Yu1(), DIAO Deng-Chao1, LIU Ya-Rui1, LI Yun-Li1, SUN Yu-Chen1, WU Wei1, ZHAO Wen1, WANG Yu1, WU Jian-Hui1,3, LI Chun-Lian1,3, ZENG Qing-Dong2,3, HAN De-Jun1,3, ZHENG Wei-Jun1,3,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    2College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    3National Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and Efficient Production, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2024-10-01 Accepted:2024-12-20 Published:2025-05-12 Published online:2024-12-27
  • Contact: *E-mail: zhengweijun@nwafu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology Key Industry Innovation Chain Project(2024NC-ZDCYL-01-02);Major Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Project Fund(2023ZD04026)

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摘要：

西农877是西北农林科技大学选育的小麦新品种, 具有一定的广适、高产和稳产特性。本研究旨在解析西农877的高产、适应性和综合抗性的遗传基础, 为小麦新品种选育提供理论依据和方法指导。通过田间试验分析了西农877及部分黄淮麦区创下高产记录的小麦品种的灌浆特征和光合特性, 利用16K SNP背景芯片与0.1K SNP功能芯片相结合的方法, 深入解析西农877的遗传基础, 明确关键染色体区段的遗传效应。结果表明, 西农877在灌浆特征上表现优异, 具有较长的灌浆时间、合理的灌浆各阶段分配和高灌浆速率; 其旗叶叶绿素含量和光合能力较高, 区域试验中平均千粒重48.60 g, 田间试验中千粒重达到50.05 g, 均呈现出高于对照品种周麦36号的趋势且稳定性好, 为实现高产潜力奠定了基础; 在区试多点试验中, 高稳系数平均值89.15, 较周麦36号显著增加。在遗传构成上, 西农805a作为母本对西农877的遗传贡献率为80.23%, 在3个亲本中最高。同时, 西农877聚合了来自亲本的多个优异基因/QTL, 包含抗条锈病位点QYrqin.nwafu-6BS、QYrsn.nwafu-1BL、QYrxn.nwafu-1BL、Yr29及Yr78, 抗赤霉病位点QFhb.caas-5AL、QFhb.hbaas-5AL, 抗叶锈病位点Lr13、Lr68及产量相关性状位点, 粒重基因TaT6P、TaGS5-A1和籽粒大小基因QGl-4A。综上, 西农877在大田生产中展现出较高的增产潜力和广适性。亲本材料对西农877的遗传贡献率存在差异, 其中西农805a的遗传贡献率最大。西农877中聚合了多个重要性状相关优异基因/QTL, 为黄淮麦区高产广适新品种培育提供了重要的遗传资源和理论支撑。

关键词: 西农877, 高产潜力, 广泛适应性, 抗病性, 小麦SNP芯片, 遗传构成

Abstract:

Xinong 877 is a newly developed wheat variety bred by Northwest A&F University, characterized by wide adaptability, high yield, and yield stability. This study aims to elucidate the genetic basis of Xinong 877’s high yield, adaptability, and comprehensive resistance, thereby providing theoretical foundations and methodological guidance for the breeding of new wheat varieties. Field experiments were conducted to analyze the grain filling characteristics and photosynthetic traits of Xinong 877, along with several high-yielding wheat varieties from the Huanghuai wheat region. A combined approach utilizing a 16K SNP background chip and a 0.1K SNP functional chip was employed to thoroughly dissect the genetic foundation of Xinong 877 and identify the genetic effects of key chromosomal regions. The results showed that, Xinong 877 exhibited superior grain filling characteristics, including an extended grain filling duration, optimal allocation across various grain filling stages, and a high grain filling rate. Additionally, its flag leaves possessed elevated chlorophyll content and enhanced photosynthetic capacity. In regional trials, the average thousand-grain weight was 48.60 g, and in field trials, it reached 50.05 g, both surpassing the control variety Zhoumai 36 and demonstrating good stability. These traits establish a foundation for realizing high yield potential. In multi-location regional trials, Xinong 877 achieved an average stability coefficient of 89.15, significantly higher than that of Zhoumai 36. Regarding genetic composition, Xinong 805a, as the female parent, contributed 80.23 percent of the genetic makeup to Xinong 877, the highest among the three parent lines. Additionally, Xinong 877 incorporated multiple superior genes/QTLs from its parents, including stripe rust resistance loci QYrqin.nwafu-6BS, QYrsn.nwafu-1BL, QYrxn.nwafu-1BL, Yr29, and Yr78; fusarium head blight resistance loci QFhb.caas-5AL and QFhb.hbaas-5AL; leaf rust resistance loci Lr13 and Lr68; as well as yield-related loci such as grain weight genes TaT6P and TaGS5-A1, and grain size gene QGl-4A. Xinong 877 exhibits significant yield potential and wide adaptability in field production. There are notable differences in the genetic contributions from the parent lines, with Xinong 805a providing the highest genetic contribution. The aggregation of multiple key genes/QTLs related to important traits in Xinong 877 offers valuable genetic resources and theoretical support for the development of high-yield, broadly adaptable wheat varieties in the Huanghuai wheat region.

Key words: Xinong 877, high yield potential, wide adaptability, disease resistance, wheat SNP Array, genetic structure

表1

黄淮南片水地组试验产量及产量三因素构成"

类型
Trial type		 年度
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 穗数
SN
(spikes hm-2)		 穗粒数KNS 千粒重TKW
(g)		 排名
Rank		 产量
GY
(kg hm-2)		 排名
Rank		 ± CK
(%)		 变异系数
CV
(%)
区域
试验
RYT		 2020-2021 西农877
Xinong 877		 643.5 36.2 49.4 6(26) 8461.5 4(26) 4.24 6.99
周麦36号
Zhoumai 36 (CK)		 552.0 38.4 46.3 15(26) 8116.5 24(26) — 6.00
2021-2022 西农877
Xinong 877		 597.0 35.8 49.7 1(26) 9549.0 9(26) 5.51 8.06
周麦36号
Zhoumai 36 (CK)		 570.0 37.7 47.6 11(26) 9049.5 25(26) — 7.31
生产
试验
RPT		 2022-2023 西农877
Xinong 877		 582.0 36.5 46.7 1(8) 8348.3 3(8) 5.91 6.15
周麦36号
Zhoumai 36 (CK)		 574.5 37.3 44.0 3(8) 7881.0 8(8) — 5.79
平均
Average		 西农877
Xinong 877		 607.5 36.17 48.60 — 8786.3 — 5.22 7.07
周麦36号
Zhoumai 36 (CK)		 565.5 37.80 45.97 — 8349.0 — — 6.37

表2

不同高产品种籽粒产量性状表现"

品种
Cultivar		 穗数
SN (spike hm-2)		 穗粒数
KNS		 千粒重
TKW (g)		 产量
GY (kg hm-2)
济麦22 Jimai 22 41.01 bc 41.08 c 42.93 b 601.43 b
西农877 Xinong 877 37.75 bc 45.83 ab 50.05 a 684.00 a
郑麦136 Zhengmai 136 42.73 ab 42.58 bc 43.55 b 683.33 a
周麦36号 Zhoumai 36 36.63 c 48.08 a 42.76 b 669.40 a
平均值Average 39.53 44.39 44.82 659.54
标准差 SD 2.45 2.74 3.03 34.05
变异系数CV (%) 6.20 6.17 6.76 5.16

表3

西农877产量构成因素与产量的相关性"

因子Factor 穗数Spike number 穗粒数Grain number 千粒重Thousand-grain weight 产量Yield
穗数 Spike number 1 — — —
穗粒数 Grain number -0.749 1 — —
千粒重 Thousand kernel weight -0.211 0.604 1 —
产量 Yield -0.732 0.845* 0.813* 1

表4

西农877产量构成因素对产量的通径系数"

因子
Factor		 直接作用
Direct action		 间接作用 Indirect action
F1→Yield F2→Yield F3→Yield
穗数Spike number (F1) -0.618 — 0.036 -0.150
穗粒数Grain number (F2) -0.048 0.463 — 0.430
千粒重Thousand kernel weight (F3) 0.712 0.130 -0.029 —

表5

不同高产品种灌浆进程的Logistic方程参数估计"

品种 Cultivar A B K R2
济麦22 Jimai 22 46.20 ± 0.19 91.97 ± 3.45 0.20 ± 0.002 1.0000
西农877 Xinong 877 55.13 ± 0.27 73.03 ± 2.35 0.18 ± 0.002 1.0000
郑麦136 Zhengmai 136 47.35 ± 0.32 94.34 ± 6.19 0.21 ± 0.004 0.9999
周麦36号Zhoumai 36 46.18 ± 1.01 124.11 ± 30.63 0.22 ± 0.013 0.9986

图1

不同品种籽粒增重及灌浆速率曲线"

表6

不同高产品种籽粒灌浆参数特征值"

品种
Cultivar		 最大灌浆速率时间
Tmax (d)		 最大灌浆速率
Vmax (g 1000-grain-1 d-1)		 灌浆持续期
T (d)		 平均灌浆速率
Vmean (g 1000-grain-1 d-1)
济麦22 Jimai 22 22.61 2.31 38.50 1.15
西农877 Xinong 877 23.84 2.48 41.49 1.28
郑麦136 Zhengmai136 21.65 2.49 36.79 1.24
周麦36号Zhoumai 36 21.91 2.54 36.32 1.22

表7

不同高产品种各阶段籽粒灌浆特征参数比较"

品种
Cultivar		 灌浆时间
Days (d)		 灌浆速率
Grain filling rate
(g 1000-grain-1 d-1)		 干物质量
Dry weight
(g 1000-grain-1)
渐增期
T1		 快增期
T2		 缓增期
T3		 渐增期
V1		 快增期
V2		 缓增期
V3		 渐增期Y1 快增期
Y2		 缓增期Y3
济麦22 Jimai 22 16.02 13.17 9.31 0.61 2.03 0.85 9.76 26.71 7.88
西农877 Xinong 877 16.52 14.63 10.34 0.71 2.18 0.91 11.65 31.83 9.44
郑麦136 Zhengmai 136 15.38 12.54 8.87 0.65 2.18 0.92 10.01 27.33 8.12
周麦36号Zhoumai36 15.93 11.97 8.42 0.61 2.23 0.94 9.76 26.66 7.91

图2

不同高产品种籽粒灌浆参数与千粒重的相关性热图"

图3

不同高产品种花后旗叶相对叶绿素含量及净光合速率动态变化 ** 表示在0.01水平差异显著。"

表8

播期播量互作对小麦西农877籽粒产量及产量构成因素的方差分析(F值)"

变异来源
Source of variation		 产量
Grain yield (kg hm-2)		 容重
Test weight (g L-1)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
播期 Sowing date 69.28** 0.82ns 56.72**
播量 Sowing amount 0.05ns 1.82ns 10.52**
播期×播量 Sowing data × sowing amount 1.35ns 2.03ns 7.63**

图4

西农877的16K全基因组扫描结果"

表9

西农805a、西农889和西农979的21条染色体对西农877的遗传贡献"

染色体
Chr.		 总差异
位点数
No. of total
differential loci		 西农805a Xinong 805a 西农889 Xinong 889 西农979 Xinong 979 变异贡献率
Mutation contribution rate
(%)
差异位点数
No. of
differential
loci		 相对遗传率
Contribution rate
(%)		 差异位点数
No. of
differential
loci		 相对遗传率
Contri
bution rate
(%)		 差异位点数
No. of
differential
loci		 相对遗传率
Contribution rate
(%)
1A 157 50 31.85 73 46.50 33 21.02 32.48
2A 506 68 13.44 116 22.92 462 91.30 0.79
3A 279 172 61.65 146 52.33 81 29.03 4.66
4A 231 197 85.28 72 31.17 127 54.98 0.87
5A 317 137 43.22 105 33.12 98 30.91 31.23
6A 366 125 34.15 275 75.14 90 24.59 0.27
7A 275 263 95.64 141 51.27 80 29.09 1.09
A基因组
A genome		 2131 1012 47.49 928 43.55 971 45.57 8.12
1B 186 112 60.22 108 58.06 62 33.33 1.08
2B 411 196 47.69 227 55.23 180 43.80 9.98
3B 507 160 31.56 425 83.83 302 59.57 1.18
4B 205 115 56.10 130 63.41 33 16.10 7.32
5B 257 242 94.16 48 18.68 69 26.85 3.89
6B 516 235 45.54 233 45.16 397 76.94 0.58
7B 320 226 70.63 272 85.00 48 15.00 2.50
B基因组
B genome		 2402 1286 53.54 1443 60.07 1091 45.42 3.54
1D 50 23 46.00 28 56.00 18 36.00 0
2D 108 90 83.33 27 25.00 52 48.15 11.11
3D 76 71 93.42 20 26.32 42 55.26 0
4D 39 26 66.67 17 43.59 22 56.41 5.13
5D 72 58 80.56 36 50.00 32 44.44 0
6D 63 62 98.41 19 30.16 37 58.73 0
7D 138 107 77.54 39 28.26 65 47.10 5.80
D基因组
D genome		 546 437 80.04 186 34.07 268 49.08 4.03
全基因组
Whole genome		 5079 2735 53.85 2557 50.34 2330 45.88 5.51

图5

西农877基因组构成图谱"

表10

西农877及亲本0.1K小麦前景芯片结果分析"

性状
Trait		 基因/QTL
Gene/QTL		 染色体
Chromosome		 西农805A
Xinong 805A		 西农889
Xinong 889		 西农979
Xinong 979		 西农877
Xinong 877
赤霉病抗性
Scab resistance		 Qfhb.caas-3BL 3B - + - -
QFhb.hbaas-5AS 5A - + + -
QFhb.hbaas-5AL 5A + + - +
QFhb.caas-5AL 5A + + + +
条锈病抗性
Stripe rust
resistance		 QYr.nwafu-3BS 3B + - + +
QYr.nwafu-4BL 4B + - - -
QYrhm.nwafu-2BC 2B - - - +
QYrqin.nwafu-2AL 2A + - + -
QYrqin.nwafu-6BS 6B + + + +
QYrsn.nwafu-1BL 1B + - + +
QYrsn.nwafu-2AS 2A - + - -
QYrsn.nwafu-6BS 6B + - + -
QYrxn.nwafu-1BL 1B + + - +
Yr29 1B + + + +
Yr30 3B + - - -
Yr75 7A - + - -
Yr78 6B - + - +
叶锈病抗性
Leaf rust resistance		 Lr13 2B - + - +
Lr68 7B + + + +
Lr80 2D - - - -
Pm5e 7B + + + -
PmV 6B - - - -
穗发芽抗性
Spike sprouts		 TaMFT-A1 3A + + + +
TaSdr-A1 2A - - - -
籽粒大小 Grain size QGl-4A 4A + - + +
粒重 Grain weight TaGS5-A1 3A + + + +
TaT6P 6A - + - +
株高 Plant height Rht-D1 4D + + + +
RHT-8 2D + - + -
Rht24_AP2 6A + - + -
品质 Quality Glu-B3h 1B - + + +
TaLCYE-B1 3B - + - +
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