作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 325-339.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.34061
CHEN Tian(), LI Yu-Ying, RONG Er-Hua, WU Yu-Xiang*()
摘要:
实验室前期通过远缘杂交及加倍人工合成草棉与雷蒙德氏棉异源四倍体, 旨在拓宽棉花遗传背景, 为棉花种质创新提供新材料。本试验以人工异源四倍体3个世代为材料, 将其与亲本及陆地棉标准系TM-1进行纤维性状、生理生化比较、SSR标记鉴定以及花器转录组学分析。结果表明, 人工异源四倍体纤维颜色介于亲本之间, 呈浅黄色, 纤维长度与TM-1接近。人工异源四倍体的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著高于亲本和TM-1, 表明人工异源四倍体经过远缘杂交及加倍后, 抗逆性得到加强。选取11对SSR引物在材料中共检测到55个多态性位点, 每对引物变异位点为2~10个, 平均为5个; 多态信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.498~0.892, 平均为0.742; 表明SSR标记在试验材料中表现出丰富的遗传多样性。S2、S3、S4同时扩增出亲本互补条带和特异性条带, 表明该异源四倍体在分子水平上出现了染色体片段的重组。S2、S3、S4与TM-1相同的条带分别是37条、19条、20条, 其中17条是各世代与TM-1共有, 表明人工异源四倍体与TM-1有相同的遗传背景。花器转录组学结果表明, 人工异源四倍体与TM-1中有5653个DEGs, 其中3062个上调, 2591个下调。GO功能分析表明, DEGs在光合作用、光系统II、RNA指导的DNA聚合酶活性等途径差异显著。KEGG富集分析表明, DEGs在光合作用-天线蛋白、光合作用和异黄酮的生物合成等相关代谢通路较为活跃。通过富集分析筛选人工异源四倍体与TM-1中与育性相关的DEGs发现, 人工异源四倍体在花粉发育与识别方面的差异基因大都是下调表达, 这可能是导致人工异源四倍体结实率低的关键因子。通过聚类从Nr注释信息获得3个G型凝集素类受体丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(基因Gh_D01G067500、Gh_D05G168100、Gh_A01G062500)。研究结果表明人工异源四倍体综合了父母本的优良性状, 在纤维颜色、抗逆、光合方面表现出优势。期望通过和陆地棉杂交恢复其育性, 进一步育成生产上有价值的新材料。
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