四倍体海稻86的诱导、鉴定及其耐盐碱特性评价分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32035

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 914-931.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32035

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

四倍体海稻86的诱导、鉴定及其耐盐碱特性评价分析

李航宇¹(), 刘心诚¹, 贺文婷¹, 刘可意¹, 乔振华¹, 吕品苍¹, 张献华¹, 何玉池¹, 蔡得田¹^,², 宋兆建¹^,^*()

¹湖北大学生命科学学院, 湖北武汉 430062
²武汉多倍体生物科技有限公司, 湖北武汉 430345

收稿日期:2023-08-29 接受日期:2023-10-23 出版日期:2024-04-12 网络出版日期:2023-11-13
通讯作者: * 宋兆建, E-mail: zjsong99@126.com
作者简介:E-mail: 782115250@qq.com
基金资助:
武汉市重大科技专项和武汉市品牌农业发展计划项目

Induction, identification and salt-alkali tolerance evaluation of tetraploid Haidao 86

LI Hang-Yu¹(), LIU Xin-Cheng¹, HE Wen-Ting¹, LIU Ke-Yi¹, QIAO Zhen-Hua¹, LYU Pin-Cang¹, ZHANG Xian-Hua¹, HE Yu-Chi¹, CAI De-Tian¹^,², SONG Zhao-Jian¹^,^*()

¹School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
²Wuhan Polyploid Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430345, Hubei, China

Received:2023-08-29 Accepted:2023-10-23 Published:2024-04-12 Published online:2023-11-13
Contact: * E-mail: zjsong99@126.com
Supported by:
Major Science and Technology Project of Wuhan and the Brand Agriculture Development Plan of Wuhan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多倍体化是植物进化的重要趋势之一。与二倍体植物相比, 多倍体植物往往具有更强的抗耐性。海稻86是具有强耐盐碱能力的水稻种质资源, 在盐碱地开发应用和粮食增产研究中具有重要利用价值。为充分利用多倍体植物抗逆性增强的优势, 选育耐盐碱能力更强的四倍体水稻新品种, 本研究以海稻86为基础, 对其进行离体染色体加倍获得海稻86同源四倍体; 以海稻86-4x和海稻86-2x发芽期和幼苗期NaCl、Na₂CO₃和PEG-6000胁迫处理的表型指标及生理生化指标鉴定, 检测两者的耐盐碱特性及差异。结果表明: (1) 通过离体染色体加倍可高效诱导获得四倍体植株, 加倍率达27.63%。 (2) 与海稻86-2x相比, 海稻86-4x的细胞核DNA含量及根尖染色体数目增加一倍; 形态及农艺性状发生明显变化, 如植株变矮、茎秆变粗、单株有效穗数减少、籽粒及千粒重增大、每穗总粒数及每穗实粒数减少、结实率降低等。(3) 在发芽期, 海稻86-4x的发芽势、发芽率、芽长、根长、根数、含水量最高, 海稻86-2x次之, 对照黄华占最低; 海稻86-4x的盐碱害率最小、盐碱害等级最低, 海稻86-2x次之, 对照黄华占的盐碱害率最大、盐碱害等级最高。(4) 在幼苗期, 海稻86-4x的脯氨酸和叶绿素含量最高、丙二醛含量和相对电导率最低, 超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性最高, 海稻86-2x次之, 而对照黄华占的脯氨酸和叶绿素含量最低、丙二醛含量和相对电导率最高、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性最低。综上可知, 与海稻86-2x相比, 海稻86-4x在表型指标和生理生化指标上均表现出明显的耐盐碱性优势, 具有更强的耐盐碱能力。该研究结果为深入解析海稻86的耐盐碱机制奠定基础, 也为耐盐碱四倍体水稻新品种的选育提供了材料基础和理论依据。

关键词: 海稻86, 离体染色体加倍, 四倍体, 耐盐碱性, 发芽势, 发芽率, 生理生化指标

Abstract:

Polyploidization is an important trend in plant evolution. Polyploid plants often have stronger resistance to stress than diploid ones. Haidao 86 is a rice germplasm resource with strong salt-alkali tolerance, which has important utilization value for the application of saline-alkaline land and the increase of grain yield. To make full use of the advantages of enhanced stress resistance in polyploid plants and breed new tetraploid rice varieties with stronger salt-alkali tolerance, diploid Haidao 86 was submitted for in vitro chromosome doubling to create autotetraploid Haidao 86 in this study. After stress treatment with NaCl, Na₂CO₃, and PEG-6000, the phenotypic indexes, physiological and biochemical indexes of tetraploid and diploid Haidao86 at germination and seedling stages were detected to understand the salt-alkali tolerance characteristics and differences between them. The results showed as follows: (1) By in vitro chromosome doubling, tetraploid plants can be efficiently induced, with a doubling rate of 27.63%. (2) Compared with diploid Haidao 86, the nuclear DNA content and root tip chromosome number of tetraploid Haidao 86 was doubled. There were significant changes in morphology and agronomic traits, such as plants becoming shorter, stems becoming thicker, effective panicles per plant decreasing, grain and thousand grain weight increasing, total grains per panicle, and filled grains per panicle decreasing, and seed setting rate decreasing. (3) At germination stage, the germination energy, germination rate, shoot length, root length, root number, and water content of tetraploid Haidao 86 were the highest, followed by diploid Haidao 86, and the control Huanghuazhan was the lowest. Tetraploid Haidao 86 had the lowest salt alkali damage rate and grade, followed by diploid Haidao 86, and the control Huanghuazhan had the highest salt alkali damage rate and grade. (4) At seedling stage, tetraploid Haidao 86 had the highest proline and chlorophyll content, the lowest malondialdehyde content and relative electrical conductivity, the highest superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity, followed by diploid Haidao 86, and the control Huanghuazhan had the lowest proline and chlorophyll content, the highest malondialdehyde content and relative electrical conductivity, and the lowest superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity. So tetraploid Haidao 86 had significant advantages in salt-alkali tolerance in both phenotypic indexes, and physiological and biochemical indexes, and had stronger salt-alkali tolerance than diploid Haidao 86. The results lay the foundation for in-depth research on the salt-alkali tolerance mechanism of Haidao 86, and provide the material and theoretical basis for the breeding of new salt-alkali resistant tetraploid rice varieties.

Key words: Haidao 86, in vitro chromosome doubling, tetraploid, salt-alkali tolerance, germination energy, germination rate, physiological and biochemical indexes

李航宇, 刘心诚, 贺文婷, 刘可意, 乔振华, 吕品苍, 张献华, 何玉池, 蔡得田, 宋兆建. 四倍体海稻86的诱导、鉴定及其耐盐碱特性评价分析[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(4): 914-931.

LI Hang-Yu, LIU Xin-Cheng, HE Wen-Ting, LIU Ke-Yi, QIAO Zhen-Hua, LYU Pin-Cang, ZHANG Xian-Hua, HE Yu-Chi, CAI De-Tian, SONG Zhao-Jian. Induction, identification and salt-alkali tolerance evaluation of tetraploid Haidao 86[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(4): 914-931.

图/表 11

表1

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图2

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表3

表4

盐碱及渗透胁迫下的相对芽长、根长和根数"

胁迫物质及浓度Stress substance and concentration (mmol L^-1)	相对芽长Relative shoot length			相对根长Relative root length			相对根数Relative root number
胁迫物质及浓度Stress substance and concentration (mmol L^-1)	HD86-2x	HD86-4x	HHZ	HD86-2x	HD86-4x	HHZ	HD86-2x	HD86-4x	HHZ
NaCl 50	86.86±3.00 a	93.75±6.10 a	59.60±12.04 b	76.58±5.58 a	96.65±14.38 a	51.23±13.49 b	89.17±13.46 a	89.44±11.11 a	56.71±3.93 b
NaCl 100	81.01±4.86 a b	88.98±11.51 a	50.92±23.88 b	80.30±2.22 a	93.28±9.37 a	36.86±12.37 b	81.22±10.28 a	87.10±12.67 a	52.46±0.98 b
NaCl 150	83.24±20.63 a	74.64±4.74 a	25.35±9.40 b	62.80±3.28 a	89.83±22.34 a	32.45±5.34 b	78.25±6.34 a	66.51±8.85 a	37.84±1.85 b
NaCl 200	49.98±9.74 ab	61.45±12.82 a	32.58±12.31 b	48.64±4.19 b	78.50±6.70 a	21.31±5.91 c	59.33±13.05	57.06±12.83	37.92±2.33
NaCl 250	64.94±9.10 a	57.09±6.16 a	22.22±5.35 b	43.65±9.55 ab	59.70±18.43 a	18.90±4.82 b	51.09±12.33 a	43.03±5.50 ab	21.23±15.89 b
Na₂CO₃ 10	97.12±2.47	96.80±9.56	96.62±5.14	79.52±3.85	95.11±12.89	80.23±21.33	90.42±8.66 a	86.63±5.80 ab	77.05±4.87 b
Na₂CO₃ 20	66.32±14.34 b	88.97±7.24 a	67.70±5.40 b	57.47±9.61	70.37±3.71	60.30±10.03	83.43±19.51 a	87.11±9.09 a	51.48±7.93 b
Na₂CO₃ 30	63.50±9.61 ab	82.51±18.61 a	36.88±11.40 b	42.63±4.53 ab	58.80±15.00 a	35.17±3.55 b	51.81±17.25 a	68.47±10.08 a	25.73±4.09 b
Na₂CO₃ 40	55.97±15.93 a	69.39±21.32 a	16.39±.9.28 b	28.19±8.24	41.77±17.01	21.36±7.12	48.44±8.87 a	39.28±5.38 a	20.64±5.12 b
Na₂CO₃ 50	39.07±5.72 a	29.11±9.60 a	11.03±1.78 b	30.71±2.87 a	36.08±5.34 a	11.67±3.02 b	25.71±4.32	21.22±7.14	16.64±5.09
PEG 10	80.68±8.24 b	99.01±10.10 a	70.82±3.40 b	53.87±2.20 b	87.56±12.83 a	67.79±6.70 b	58.56±11.38 b	81.18±7.26 a	63.69±4.84 b
PEG 20	76.05±2.56 ab	90.24±19.11 a	58.52±4.83 b	37.31±3.74	51.96±15.36	31.34±18.60	46.48±8.52	45.22±3.21	57.01±1.65
PEG 30	30.35±3.86 b	84.38±16.76 a	55.23±13.28 b	30.80±5.95 ab	38.83±4.71 a	19.17±7.68 b	28.56±11.12	35.46±5.00	28.00±3.28
PEG 40	17.46±4.03 b	37.99±3.66 a	22.05±4.50 b	13.98±2.12	21.13±4.22	25.47±12.35	17.01±5.59	20.34±4.12	13.41±2.99
PEG 50	0±0.00 b	24.44±2.88 a	0±0.00 b	0±0.00 b	29.06±12.64 a	0±0.00 b	0±0.00 b	9.73±1.55 a	0±0.00 b

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图6

图7

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批次 Batch	种胚数 NE	愈伤组织数 NC	诱导率 IR (%)	加倍存活数 NSC	加倍存活率 SR (%)	分化愈伤组织数 NDC	分化率 DR (%)	总成苗数 TSN	四倍体苗数 PSN	加倍率CDR (%)
1	80	70	87.50	70	100	39	55.71	16	5	31.25
2	75	64	85.33	64	100	47	73.44	21	6	28.57
3	75	54	72.00	46	85.19	29	63.04	13	3	23.08
均值 Mean ± SD	76.67 ±2.89	62.67 ±8.08	81.61 ±8.39	60.00 ±12.49	95.06 ±8.55	38.33 ±9.02	64.06 ±8.91	16.67 ±4.04	4.67 ±1.53	27.63 ±4.16

材料 Material	株高 PH (cm)	单株有效穗数 EP	穗长 PL (cm)	粒长 GL (mm)	粒宽 GW (mm)
HD86-2x	181.96±3.34	15.40±1.14	26.79±1.87	7.01±0.04	3.03±0.04
HD86-4x	152.40±4.18^**	10.20±1.30^**	23.36±1.85^*	9.04±0.06^**	4.02±0.03^**
材料 Material	芒长 AL (cm)	每穗总粒数 TG	每穗实粒数 FG	结实率 SSR (%)	千粒重 TGW (g)
HD86-2x	0.10-6.60	162.72±5.96	147.16±7.66	90.41±2.29	24.90±1.05
HD86-4x	0.10-7.20	86.60±9.44^**	28.34±4.25^**	32.74±3.41^**	33.94±1.37^**

胁迫物质及浓度 Stress substance and concentration (mmol L^-1)	HD86-2x		HD86-4x		HHZ
胁迫物质及浓度 Stress substance and concentration (mmol L^-1)	盐碱害率 Damage rate (%)	等级Grade	盐碱害率 Damage rate (%)	等级Grade	盐碱害率 Damage rate (%)	等级Grade
0 (CK)	0±0.00	1	0±0.00	1	0±0.00	1
NaCl 50	0±0.00 b	1	0±0.00 b	1	14.43±1.96 a	1
NaCl 100	1.47±1.68 b	1	1.37±1.72 b	1	17.63±2.06 a	1
NaCl 150	13.97±1.15 a	1	3.17±3.37 b	1	22.07±7.13 a	3
NaCl 200	17.97±1.78 ab	1	9.10±2.10 b	1	29.43±10.86 a	3
NaCl 250	23.70±3.92 b	3	11.73±1.66 b	1	42.60±10.10 a	5
Na₂CO₃ 10	7.80±1.91 b	1	7.80±1.91 b	1	16.67±3.35 a	1
Na₂CO₃ 20	18.90±1.91 ab	1	7.80±1.91 b	1	28.90±15.76 a	3
Na₂CO₃ 30	26.67±8.84 ab	3	15.57±7.68 b	1	38.90±11.69 a	3
Na₂CO₃ 40	35.53±3.87 b	3	26.67±3.35c	3	60.00±3.30 a	5
Na₂CO₃ 50	54.43±1.96 b	5	32.23±3.87 c	3	73.33±3.35 a	7
PEG 10	11.10±1.91 b	1	0±0.00 c	1	20.00±3.30 a	1
PEG 20	37.80±1.91 b	3	21.10±1.91c	3	55.57±5.10 a	5
PEG 30	47.77±7.74 b	5	44.43±9.64 b	5	77.77±3.87 a	7
PEG 40	81.13±7.68 ab	7	72.20±1.91 b	5	88.90±1.91 a	9
PEG 50	100±0.00 a	9	90.43±2.68 b	9	100.00±0.00 a	9

四倍体海稻86的诱导、鉴定及其耐盐碱特性评价分析

Induction, identification and salt-alkali tolerance evaluation of tetraploid Haidao 86

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