水稻幼穗分化期至抽穗期高温对籽粒形态和充实的影响及其与粒重的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42046

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 1347-1362.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42046

水稻幼穗分化期至抽穗期高温对籽粒形态和充实的影响及其与粒重的关系

王梦宁(), 谢可冉, 高逖, 王飞, 任孝俭, 熊栋梁, 黄见良, 彭少兵, 崔克辉^*()

作物遗传改良国家重点实验室 / 农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室 / 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院, 湖北武汉 430070

收稿日期:2024-10-24 接受日期:2025-01-23 出版日期:2025-05-12 网络出版日期:2025-02-11
通讯作者: *崔克辉, E-mail: cuikehui@mail.hzau.edu.cn
作者简介:E-mail: 18439406270@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31871541);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01)

Effect of high temperature during the panicle initiation and heading stages on grain shape and filling and its relationship with grain weight in rice

WANG Meng-Ning(), XIE Ke-Ran, GAO Ti, WANG Fei, REN Xiao-Jian, XIONG Dong-Liang, HUANG Jian-Liang, PENG Shao-Bing, CUI Ke-Hui^*()

National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs / College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China

Received:2024-10-24 Accepted:2025-01-23 Published:2025-05-12 Published online:2025-02-11
Contact: *E-mail: cuikehui@mail.hzau.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871541);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以热敏感型品种两优培九(LYPJ)和晶两优华占(JLYHZ)、耐热型品种汕优63 (SY63)为材料, 在盆栽条件下设置幼穗分化期至抽穗期常温和高温2种温度处理, 探究幼穗分化期至抽穗期高温对穗分化期颖花和籽粒大小、灌浆期籽粒充实的影响及其与粒重的关系及内在机制。与常温处理相比, 幼穗分化期至抽穗期高温导致LYPJ和JLYHZ的千粒重、每穗颖花数、结实率和产量显著降低, 但对SY63无显著影响。幼穗分化期至抽穗期高温显著降低LYPJ和JLYHZ颖花和籽粒大小(长度、宽度和厚度), SY63的降幅低于热敏感品种。高温导致LYPJ颖花OsLOGL2基因表达降低、JLYHZ颖花OsCKX5基因表达增加, 并显著降低两品种颖花活性细胞分裂素含量。高温对2个热敏感品种成熟期地上部干物质积累无显著影响, 显著降低收获指数, 降低抽穗期至成熟期单粒增重和平均灌浆速率, 对SY63则无显著影响。高温显著降低了LYPJ和JLYHZ籽粒灌浆相关基因(OsFLO2、OsFLO4和OsGIF2)表达和籽粒酸性/中性转化酶、蔗糖合成酶、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶以及LYPJ籽粒淀粉分支酶活性, 对SY63无显著影响。本研究表明幼穗分化期至抽穗期高温降低了收获指数, 降低了颖花内源活性细胞分裂素含量从而降低颖花和籽粒大小, 也抑制了籽粒灌浆相关基因表达和相关酶活性; 因此, 高温导致粒重和产量下降可能是由于同化物向籽粒分配减少和库活性受到抑制, 表现出高温处理的后续效应。

关键词: 水稻, 幼穗分化期-抽穗期高温, 粒重, 籽粒形态, 籽粒充实, 颖花细胞分裂素含量

Abstract:

A pot experiment was conducted with two temperature treatments—normal temperature treatment and high temperature treatment during the panicle initiation and heading stages—using three rice varieties: heat-sensitive varieties Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ) and Jingliangyouhuazhan (JLYHZ), and heat-tolerant variety Shanyou 63 (SY63). The objective was to investigate the effects of high temperature during the panicle initiation and heading stages on spikelet and grain size, grain filling, and their relationship with grain weight. Compared to normal temperature, high temperature significantly reduced thousand-grain weight, spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate, and yield in LYPJ and JLYHZ, but had no significant effect on SY63. High temperature also significantly decreased spikelet and grain size (length, width and thickness) in the heat-sensitive varieties, while SY63 exhibited only minor reductions. Additionally, high temperature significantly downregulated the expression of OsLOGL2 in spikelets of LYPJ and upregulated the expression of OsCKX5 in spikelets of JLYHZ, resulting in reduced endogenous active cytokinin levels in spikelets. High temperature decreased the harvest index but had no significant effect on aboveground dry weight at the maturity stage. It also significantly reduced single-grain weight accumulation and the average grain filling rate during the heading and maturity stages in the heat-sensitive varieties, with no significant changes observed in SY63. Furthermore, high temperature treatment significantly reduced the expression of grain filling-related genes (OsFLO2, OsFLO4 and OsGIF2) and the activities of key enzymes involved in grain filling, including acid/neutral invertases, sucrose synthetase, and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, in the heat-sensitive varieties. Starch branching enzyme activity in grains was also significantly reduced in LYPJ, while these enzymes and genes were unaffected in SY63. This study demonstrates that high temperature during the panicle initiation and heading stages reduces the harvest index and decreases spikelet and grain size by lowering active cytokinin levels in spikelets. It also hinders grain filling by suppressing the expression of grain filling-related genes and enzyme activities. These findings suggest that the reductions in grain weight and yield under high temperature are likely due to decreased assimilate allocation to panicles and reduced sink activity, highlighting the adverse effects of heat stress on grain development and yield.

Key words: rice, high temperature, panicle initiation-heading stage, grain weight, grain shape, grain filling, content of cytokinins in spikelets

王梦宁, 谢可冉, 高逖, 王飞, 任孝俭, 熊栋梁, 黄见良, 彭少兵, 崔克辉. 水稻幼穗分化期至抽穗期高温对籽粒形态和充实的影响及其与粒重的关系[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(5): 1347-1362.

WANG Meng-Ning, XIE Ke-Ran, GAO Ti, WANG Fei, REN Xiao-Jian, XIONG Dong-Liang, HUANG Jian-Liang, PENG Shao-Bing, CUI Ke-Hui. Effect of high temperature during the panicle initiation and heading stages on grain shape and filling and its relationship with grain weight in rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1347-1362.

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基因登录号 Accession number (NCBI)	基因 Gene	正向引物 Forward primer (5'-3')	反向引物 Reverse primer (5'-3')
XM015767376	OsLOGL2	GAGCGCACAGAAAAGAGAAGC	GGCATGAGTGCTTTTGGAAT
NM001423909	OsLOGL3	GTGCTGCATTGTCTGCAGTT	GGTCATGAGAGTCTTGGGGA
NM001401734	OsCKX5	CGCTGCTGGGCGAGCTGAAT	CGCCTTGTGCACGCGGTCTA
NM001420459	OsCKX9	GCCAGGATTCCTCTTGAACCTGC	ACGCACTGGGTCCTGCGGAT
NM001402366	OsGIF1	TTCTCAAGGACAGGGTGGTCAAGC	TCAGCCTGTGCAGTTTGTAGCC
XM015794875	OsGIF2	AAGAGGTGCTTTGGTGATG	GTCCGAAGATGAGGAGTGT
XM015780251	OsFLO2	CACACCCTCCAGCAATATCA	CCTTCTGCGACTGCTTTTCT
XM015795182	OsFLO4	CATGCACTGTTCGAGGAGAA	GGGAAATGGCTCTCCCTTAG
NM001418593	Actin	CAATCGTGAGAAGATGACCC	GTCCATCAGGAAGCTCGTAGC

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (g plant^-1)	有效穗数 Panicles (No. plant^-1)	每穗颖花数 Spikelets (No. panicle^-1)	结实率 Seed- setting percentage (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	抽穗后10 d地上部干重 Aboveground dry weight at 10 days after heading (g plant^-1)	成熟期地上部干重 Aboveground dry weight at maturity stage (g plant^-1)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
LYPJ	CK	25.7±0.7 b	9.4±0.1 b	141.0±0.9 b	85.2±2.2 a	22.9±0.1 b	48.3±4.7 ab	81.3±1.5 ab	31.6±0.5 b
	HT	6.7±1.5 c^*	8.7±0.2 b^*	122.3±5.6 c^*	30.8±5.4 d^*	20.0±0.1 c^*	44.9±1.8 b	69.2±4.5 b	9.6±1.7 e^*
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	73.9	7.4	13.3	63.8	12.7	7.0	14.9	69.6
JLYHZ	CK	32.0±0.5 a	11.8±0.3 a	173.7±8.3 a	83.1±2.1 a	18.9±0.2 d	41.3±1.7 b	79.9±0.9 ab	40.1±0.8 a
	HT	10.8±1.1 c^*	11.6±0.1 a	130.6±0.3 bc^*	45.7±4.5 c^*	15.7±0.2 e^*	41.1±4.2 b	65.4±1.3 b^*	16.6±1.7 d^*
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	66.3	1.7	24.8	45.0	16.9	0.5	18.1	58.6
SY63	CK	28.0±1.7 ab	8.8±0.8 b	169.2±3.4 a	77.2±1.1 ab	24.7±0.4 a	54.8±4.1 a	91.1±4.1 a	30.4±0.8 bc
	HT	24.3±2.3 b	8.7±1.0 b	169.3±10.2 a	68.9±3.1 b	24.6±0.2 a	55.0±1.5 a	92.5±12.2 a	27.4±0.6 c^*
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	13.2	1.0	-0.1	10.8	0.4	-0.4	-1.5	9.9

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	颖花Spikelet		籽粒Grain
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	长度 Length (mm)	宽度 Width (mm)	长度 Length (mm)	宽度 Width (mm)	厚度 Thickness (mm)	体积 Volume (mm³)
LYPJ	CK	9.48±0.06 a	2.84±0.01 c	9.05±0.01 a	2.66±0.00 c	1.88±0.01 b	45.11±0.34 c
	HT	8.00±0.21 d^*	2.37±0.09 e^*	8.58±0.06 c^*	2.44±0.00 e^*	1.68±0.01 d^*	35.09±0.39 e^*
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	15.6	16.5	5.2	8.3	10.6	22.2
JLYHZ	CK	8.73±0.01 b	2.71±0.00 d	8.73±0.03 b	2.59±0.01 d	1.81±0.00 c	41.06±0.08 d
	HT	7.98±0.05 d^*	2.36±0.02 e^*	8.58±0.03 c^*	2.40±0.01 f^*	1.65±0.00 e^*	34.01±0.26 f^*
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	8.6	12.9	1.7	7.3	8.8	17.2
SY63	CK	8.30±0.03 c	3.26±0.01 a	8.38±0.02 d	3.13±0.01 a	1.90±0.01 a	49.96±0.19 a
	HT	8.36±0.06 c	3.04±0.02 b^*	8.27±0.03 d^*	2.98±0.01 b^*	1.89±0.01 ab	46.51±0.18 b^*
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	-0.7	6.7	1.3	4.8	0.5	6.9

品种 Variety	温度处理 Temperature treatment	aCTK (ng g^-1)	tZ+tZR (ng g^-1)	iP+iPA+iPMP (ng g^-1)	IAA (ng g^-1)	GA₁ (ng g^-1)
LYPJ	CK	24.53±1.81 a	7.10±0.11 a	17.43±1.73 a	3.34±0.22 c	5.50±0.31 a
	HT	20.32±0.66 b	6.88±0.50 a	13.44±0.21 b	3.18±0.12 c	4.68±0.95 a
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	17.2	3.1	22.9	4.8	14.9
JLYHZ	CK	25.61±1.09 a	6.41±0.10 a	19.20±1.11 a	5.28±0.11 a	4.20±0.27 a
	HT	20.16±0.81 b^*	6.61±0.51 a	13.55±0.34 b^*	5.41±0.11 a	3.10±0.51 a
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	21.3	-3.1	29.4	-2.5	26.2
SY63	CK	22.78±0.05 ab	6.55±0.12 a	16.23±0.09 ab	4.72±0.09 b	3.15±0.43 a
	HT	23.45±0.96 ab	7.27±0.24 a	16.18±0.89 ab	4.90±0.09 b	5.27±1.54 a
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	-2.9	-10.1	0.3	-3.8	-67.3

水稻幼穗分化期至抽穗期高温对籽粒形态和充实的影响及其与粒重的关系

Effect of high temperature during the panicle initiation and heading stages on grain shape and filling and its relationship with grain weight in rice

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